Real-Time Expert System Interfaces, Cognitive Processes, and Task Performance: An Empirical Assessment

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Adelman ◽  
Marvin S. Cohen ◽  
Terry A. Bresnick ◽  
James O. Chinnis ◽  
Kathryn B. Laskey
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Rule Generation ◽  
Process Measures ◽  
Unanticipated Consequences ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
System Interfaces

In this experiment we investigated the effect of different real-time expert system interfaces on operators' cognitive processes and performance. The results supported the principle that a real-time expert system's interface should focus operators' attention on where it is required most. However, following this principle resulted in unanticipated consequences. In particular, it led to inferior performance for less critical, yet important cases requiring operators' attention. For such cases operators performed better with an interface that let them select where they wanted to focus their attention. Having a rule generation capability improved performance with all interfaces but did so less than hypothesized. In all cases performance with different interfaces and a rule generation capability was explained by the effect of the interfaces on cognitive process measures.

scholarly journals Fast Image-Based Ambient Occlusion IBAO

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Robert Sajko ◽  
Zeljka Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Dynamic Scenes ◽  
Heuristic Function ◽  
Ambient Occlusion ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Straightforward Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Screen Space

The quality of computer rendering and perception of realism greatly depend on the shading method used to implement the interaction of light with the surfaces of objects in a scene. Ambient occlusion (AO) enhances the realistic impression of rendered objects and scenes. Properties that make Screen Space Ambient Occlusion (SSAO) interesting for real-time graphics are scene complexity independence, and support for fully dynamic scenes. However, there are also important issues with current approaches: poor texture cache use, introduction of noise, and performance swings. In this paper, a straightforward solution is presented. Instead of a traditional, geometry-based sampling method, a novel, image-based sampling method is developed, coupled with a revised heuristic function for computing occlusion. Proposed algorithm harnessing GPU power improves texture cache use and reduces aliasing artifacts. Two implementations are developed, traditional and novel, and their comparison reveals improved performance and quality of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Real Time Meteorological Solar Data Based Modified Solar Aware LEACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3860-3868
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Dense Network ◽  
Data Throughput ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance

In hostile and non-accessible remote area, energy conservation plays vital role in the performance of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Shorter life of battery operated sensors tends to lower lifespan of the WSN which further degrades the dense network performance. In this paper, we propose the modified solar aware LEACH for efficient routing in WSN to maximize the network lifespan. This proposed scheme uses real time solar meteorological data for the implementation of solar aware LEACH (sLEACH), advance solar aware LEACH (AsLEACH), improved solar aware LEACH (IS-LEACH).The proposed algorithm is simulated using MATLAB and performance is evaluated on the basis of data throughput, energy consumption and network lifetime which show improved performance than existing techniques.

The Cognitive Processes of Formal Inferences

2011 ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Process Algebra ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Time Process ◽  
The Brain

Theoretical research is predominately an inductive process, while applied research is mainly a deductive process. Both inference processes are based on the cognitive process and means of abstraction. This chapter describes the cognitive processes of formal inferences such as deduction, induction, abduction, and analogy. Conventional propositional arguments adopt static causal inference. This chapter introduces more rigorous and dynamic inference methodologies, which are modeled and described as a set of cognitive processes encompassing a series of basic inference steps. A set of mathematical models of formal inference methodologies is developed. Formal descriptions of the 4 forms of cognitive processes of inferences are presented using Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA). The cognitive processes and mental mechanisms of inferences are systematically explored and rigorously modeled. Applications of abstraction and formal inferences in both the revilement of the fundamental mechanisms of the brain and the investigation of next generation cognitive computers are explored.

An expert system for real-time well field management

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Marti ◽  
G. Bauser ◽  
F. Stauffer ◽  
U. Kuhlmann ◽  
H.-P. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Well Field ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Historical Management

Well field management in urban areas faces challenges such as pollution from old waste deposits and former industrial sites, pollution from chemical accidents along transport lines or in industry, or diffuse pollution from leaking sewers. One possibility to protect the drinking water of a well field is the maintenance of a hydraulic barrier between the potentially polluted and the clean water. An example is the Hardhof well field in Zurich, Switzerland. This paper presents the methodology for a simple and fast expert system (ES), applies it to the Hardhof well field, and compares its performance to the historical management method of the Hardhof well field. Although the ES is quite simplistic it considerably improves the water quality in the drinking water wells. The ES knowledge base is crucial for successful management application. Therefore, a periodic update of the knowledge base is suggested for the real-time application of the ES.

Expert system for real-time aircraft monitoring

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Joey B. Flanders ◽  
Charles H. Jones ◽  
Robin M. Madison
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Real Time

scholarly journals Characterizing Bilingual Effects on Cognition: The Search for Meaningful Individual Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kristina C. Backer ◽  
Heather Bortfeld
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Movement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

A debate over the past decade has focused on the so-called bilingual advantage—the idea that bilingual and multilingual individuals have enhanced domain-general executive functions, relative to monolinguals, due to competition-induced monitoring of both processing and representation from the task-irrelevant language(s). In this commentary, we consider a recent study by Pot, Keijzer, and de Bot (2018), which focused on the relationship between individual differences in language usage and performance on an executive function task among multilingual older adults. We discuss their approach and findings in light of a more general movement towards embracing complexity in this domain of research, including individuals’ sociocultural context and position in the lifespan. The field increasingly considers interactions between bilingualism/multilingualism and cognition, employing measures of language use well beyond the early dichotomous perspectives on language background. Moreover, new measures of bilingualism and analytical approaches are helping researchers interrogate the complexities of specific processing issues. Indeed, our review of the bilingualism/multilingualism literature confirms the increased appreciation researchers have for the range of factors—beyond whether someone speaks one, two, or more languages—that impact specific cognitive processes. Here, we highlight some of the most salient of these, and incorporate suggestions for a way forward that likewise encompasses neural perspectives on the topic.

Embodying algorithms, enactive artificial intelligence and the extended cognition: You can see as much as you know about algorithm

2021 ◽  
pp. 016555152098549
Author(s):  
Donghee Shin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Extended Cognition ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Personalized Recommendation ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Concise Guide

The recent proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) gives rise to questions on how users interact with AI services and how algorithms embody the values of users. Despite the surging popularity of AI, how users evaluate algorithms, how people perceive algorithmic decisions, and how they relate to algorithmic functions remain largely unexplored. Invoking the idea of embodied cognition, we characterize core constructs of algorithms that drive the value of embodiment and conceptualizes these factors in reference to trust by examining how they influence the user experience of personalized recommendation algorithms. The findings elucidate the embodied cognitive processes involved in reasoning algorithmic characteristics – fairness, accountability, transparency, and explainability – with regard to their fundamental linkages with trust and ensuing behaviors. Users use a dual-process model, whereby a sense of trust built on a combination of normative values and performance-related qualities of algorithms. Embodied algorithmic characteristics are significantly linked to trust and performance expectancy. Heuristic and systematic processes through embodied cognition provide a concise guide to its conceptualization of AI experiences and interaction. The identified user cognitive processes provide information on a user’s cognitive functioning and patterns of behavior as well as a basis for subsequent metacognitive processes.

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