Sex segregation by field of study and the influence of labor markets: Evidence from 39 countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Moorhouse
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Sex Segregation ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Market Variables

Data from 39 countries for the years 2008–2011 are used to explore how features of a country’s labor market influence sex segregation by field of study in higher education. A new feature of this empirical study is the use of the system generalized method of moments (system-GMM) to analyze these relationships. Two new labor market variables are included in this study: a measure of a country’s economic protections for women and the national unemployment rate. After controlling for the level of economic development and characteristics of each country’s tertiary system, the results indicate that labor market variables have an important impact on sex segregation by field of study. All else equal, countries that protect women’s economic rights are associated with lower levels of sex segregation by field. Although the finding is less robust, the empirical evidence also supports that countries with higher unemployment rates experience lower levels of sex segregation.

NONLINEARITY IN THE CANADIAN AND U.S. LABOR MARKETS: UNIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE EVIDENCE FROM A BATTERY OF TESTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
THEODORE PANAGIOTIDIS ◽  
GIANLUIGI PELLONI
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
The U.S

The nonlinearity of macroeconomic processes is becoming an increasingly important issue at both the theoretical and empirical levels. This trend holds for labor market variables as well. The reallocation theory of unemployment relies on nonlinearities. At the same time there is mounting empirical evidence of business cycles asymmetries. Thus the assumption of linearity/nonlinearity becomes crucial for the corroboration of labor market theories. This paper turns the microscope on the assumption of linearity and investigates the presence of asymmetries in aggregate and disaggregate labor market variables. The assumption of linearity is tested using five statistical tests for U.S. and Canadian unemployment rates and growth rates of the employment sectoral shares of construction, finance, manufacturing, and trade. An AR(p) model was used to remove any linear structure from the series. Evidence of nonlinearity is found for the sectoral shares with all five statistical tests in the U.S. case but not at the aggregate level. The results for Canada are not clear-cut. Evidence of unspecified nonlinearity is found in the unemployment rate and in the sectoral shares. Overall, important asymmetries are found in disaggregated labor market variables in the univariate setting. The linearity hypothesis was also examined in a multivariate framework. Evidence is provided that important asymmetries exist and a linear VAR cannot capture the dynamics of employment reallocation.

Evaluating the impact of the labor market conditions index on labor market forecasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Connolly ◽  
Alice Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
Labor Market Shocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recessionary Periods

AbstractThis paper examines the usefulness of the labor market conditions index (LMCI) in forecasting key labor market variables, particularly unemployment rates. Using a number of models, we compare out-of-sample forecasts of the unemployment rate with the LMCI to those without the LMCI. We also estimate models of the disaggregated unemployment rates by gender, race, and race by gender, with and without the LMCI, to identify disparities in the predictive power of the LMCI for different subgroups. Last, to determine how the LMCI performs in the presence of labor market shocks, we compare the forecasting performance of the LMCI during recessionary periods and expansionary periods. Our results confirm the potential usefulness of the LMCI as a parsimonious forecasting tool; we find that the LMCI generally improves unemployment forecasts. But, disparities exist in the predictive power of the index across subpopulations and the index forecasts slightly better during recessionary periods than expansionary periods.

Using information from singletons in fixed-effects estimation: xtfesing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-975
Author(s):  
Laura Magazzini ◽  
Randolph Luca Bruno ◽  
Marco Stampini
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator ◽  
Fixed Effects Estimation

In this article, we describe the xtfesing command. The command implements a generalized method of moments estimator that allows exploiting singleton information in fixed-effects panel-data regression as in Bruno, Magazzini, and Stampini (2020, Economics Letters 186: Article 108519).

Does Bank Profitability Stimulate Economic Growth in the Arab Region?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Ghazy Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the impact of bank profitability, as a complementary measure of financial development, on growth in the Arab countries between 1985 and 2016. Using a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation to test the impact of the bank profitability on growth, this study utilises two variables in the econometric model which are return on assets and return on equity. This study reveals that both variables of bank profitability are positive and significant. This confirms that the bank profitability, beside other financial development variables, has positive impact on the growth. This study points out some important implications based on this result.

Assessing the bank profitability in the MENA region

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Ben Selma Mokni ◽  
Houssem Rachdi
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Econometric Technique

Purpose – Which of the banking stream is relatively more profitable in Middle Eastern and North Africa (MENA) region? Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study covers a sample of 15 conventional and 15 Islamic banks for the period 2002-2009.The authors estimate models using the generalized method of moments in system, of Blundell and Bond (1998). They exploit an up-to-date econometric technique which takes into consideration the issue of endogeneity of regressors to evaluate the comparative profitability of Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region. Findings – Empirical analysis results show that the determinants’ significance varies between Islamic and conventional banks. Profitability seems to be quite persistent in the MENA region reflecting a higher degree of government intervention and may signal barriers to competition. Originality/value – The main interest is to develop a comprehensive model that integrates macroeconomic, industry-specific and bank-specific determinants. The paper makes comparison of the performance between two different banking systems in the MENA region. The authors consider a variable crisis to gain additional insights into the impacts of the financial crisis on MENA banking sector.

The impact of urbanization on energy consumption and efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Sheng ◽  
Yaping He ◽  
Xiaohui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimation ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

There is no consensus about the impact of urbanization on energy efficiency. We seek to fill this gap in literature using data from 78 countries for the period of 1995 through 2012. Extending the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology model, we identify the impact of urbanization on energy consumption and efficiency. Results of generalized method of moments estimation indicate that the process of urbanization leads to substantial increases in both the actual and the optimal energy consumption, but a decrease in efficiency of energy use. In addition, we find that the extent to which energy inefficiency correlates with urbanization is greater in countries with higher gross domestic product per capita.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Auditor Independence among Listed Companies in Nigeria: Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kehinde Salawu
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Audit Fees ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Factors Influencing

The study examines the factors influencing auditor independence among listed companies in Nigeria. A sample of 65 firms out of the 194 listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were purposively selected for analysis, these comprise 14 money deposit banks (financial), 1 mortgage bank and 50 non-financial firms. Secondary data were employed for the study and were sourced from the audited financial reports of sampled companies and fact book of the Nigerian Stock Exchange between the periods of 2006 and 2013. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). Preliminary tests were carried out such as Sargan test, Arellano-Bond Serial Correlation Test among others. The study revealed that Big4, audit tenure, profitability, leverage and inventory with account receivable had negative significant impact, which can impair auditor independence, while size of the firms and loss had positive influence on auditor independence in Nigeria. Also, the square root of the number of subsidiaries was positively related to auditor independence, but not significant and the total number of subsidiaries had positive influence on auditor independence but not significant. These results implied that the two variables can increase the complexity of the audit and, consequently, a rise in audit fees expect in their presence. This will in turn reduce auditor independence. The study therefore recommended that joint audit be adopted and audited tenure be reviewed. The findings of the study would enable management, regulators, investors and other stock market participants to play their unique and important roles in enhancing auditor independence in Nigeria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document