Stepping Motor Technology for Undergraduates

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
P. P. Acarnley
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stepping Motor ◽  
And Control

A first-year undergraduate experiment on a microprocessor-controlled stepping motor system is described. The experiment provides a basic introduction to such important concepts as real-time programming and interfacing techniques, as well as giving an appreciation of stepping motor performance and control strategies.

scholarly journals Mobility Enhancement of Heavy-Duty Tracked Vehicles Under Load Using Real-Time Terrain Characterization, Traction Control, and a Towing Winch

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Cook ◽  
Laura E. Ray ◽  
James H. Lever
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Traction Control ◽  
Tracked Vehicles ◽  
Selection Approach ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
State Force ◽  
And Control ◽  
Multibody Dynamics Model

This paper presents a generalized, multibody dynamics model for a tracked vehicle equipped with a towing winch and control strategies that enhance vehicle mobility by regulating track slip based on real-time terrain characterization and automating winch use. The vehicle model is validated under conditions where no action is taken by the winch. Thereafter, two mobility enhancing control strategies are outlined. The first strategy regulates track slip to a real-time estimated value that generates maximum net traction. This is done by computing state-force estimates from a Kalman filter that are compared to terrain traction models using a Bayesian hypothesis selection approach. If the vehicle is traction limited and the first strategy fails, a second strategy that automates winch use is activated. Simulation results are shown for both scenarios.

Legionella in sugar factory process waters – Analysis and control in Nordic Sugar

2011 ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
Christer Bergwall
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Assay Time ◽  
And Control

This presentation will summarise the experiences gained from a Legionella project within Nordic Sugar which emphasises risk evaluation, modern DNA analysis methods, control strategies and water treatment methods. The project started in 2002 with yearly campaign screenings for Legionella spp and Legionella pneumophila. Initially an ISO Legionella method for quantification was used, but this was replaced with a modern, rapid DNA-based Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay in 2005. The assay time for quantitative results using the Real Time PCR is approximately 3 hours compared to between 10 and 14 days for the ISO-method. All Nordic Sugar factories equipped with cooling towers are screened on a weekly or bi-weekly basis during every sugar campaign. Only one sugar factory has shown consistently positive results for Legionella pneumophila on a moderate level. A multiple biocide approach combined with a dispersing agent was successfully used to control the Legionella. In 2010 a non-chemical treatment method, Wallenius AOT-system was installed to eliminate an annual high cost for biocides. The system successfully controlled the L. pneumophila even when the cooling water was partially exchanged with fresh lake water.

scholarly journals A Review of Fouling Mechanisms, Control Strategies and Real-Time Fouling Monitoring Techniques in Forward Osmosis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrar Ibrar ◽  
Osamah Naji ◽  
Adel Sharif ◽  
Ali Malekizadeh ◽  
Alaa Alhawari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Critical Flux ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Forward osmosis has gained tremendous attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads to flux decline, can cause operational problems and can result in negative consequences that can damage the membrane. Hereby, we attempt to review the different types of fouling in forward osmosis, cleaning and control strategies for fouling mitigation, and the impact of membrane hydrophilicity, charge and morphology on fouling. The fundamentals of biofouling, organic, colloidal and inorganic fouling are discussed with a focus on recent studies. We also review some of the in-situ real-time online fouling monitoring technologies for real-time fouling monitoring that can be applicable to future research on forward osmosis fouling studies. A brief discussion on critical flux and the coupled effects of fouling and concentration polarization is also provided.

Domestic wastewater treatment with a small-scale membrane bioreactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Abegglen ◽  
H. Siegrist
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
And Control

A small-scale membrane plant for treating the domestic wastewater of a four-person household is presented. The membrane bioreactor has been in operation for 6 months and achieves elimination rates of 90, 95 and 80% for total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen, respectively. Only a small amount sludge is produced. The permeate is reused for flushing toilets and has a yellowish colour. After investigations of the effluent quality, decolourisation of the permeate, energy efficiency and control strategies in the first year, urine will be treated separately in an automated precipitation reactor where struvite is produced to improve the overall phosphate removal of the plant.

Design and Application of Power Active Filter Harmonic Extract Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 2399-2403
Author(s):  
You Hua Jiang ◽  
Zhi Min Huang ◽  
Shang Xing Ye
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Filter ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Data Processing Method ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
And Control ◽  
Design And Application

Active filter topology and principle are introduced. Harmonic data processing method is proposed . The method can greatly reduce the amount of computation of the controller to improve real-time. In addition, the working principle of the active filter topology and control strategies are introduced and analyzed. Results verify the correctness of the algorithm and the feasibility of the design.

Design of an Information Integration Control Network for Hybrid Electric Trucks

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 2572-2575
Author(s):  
Jun Xu ◽  
Gang Yan Li ◽  
Fei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Control

In view of the requirements on multi-target information interaction and implementing complicated control strategies among different ECUs in hybrid electric trucks, an information integration control network based on CAN bus is proposed. A HCS12 dual-core processor MC9S12XDG128 is adopted to design an information integration module for sensor signal acquisition and data transmission in the network. Application layer protocol is defined to optimize the message transmission mechanism. Meanwhile, Rate Monotonic Analysis (RMA) method is adopted to analyze bus load rate and real-time performance of the network. Bench test results have shown that the designed information integration control network for hybrid electric trucks owns good real-time performance and is reliable to implement communication and control tasks with low bus load rate.

scholarly journals The impact of public health interventions in the Nordic countries during the first year of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Duchene ◽  
Leo Featherstone ◽  
Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio ◽  
Edward C Holmes ◽  
Jon Bohlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chain Dynamics ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations

Background Many countries have attempted to mitigate and control COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions, particularly with the aim of reducing population movement and contact. However, it remains unclear how the different control strategies impacted the local phylodynamics of the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. Aim We aimed to assess the duration of chains of virus transmission within individual countries and the extent to which countries exported viruses to their geographical neighbours. Methods We analysed complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes to infer the relative frequencies of virus importation and exportation, as well as virus transmission dynamics, in countries of northern Europe. We examined virus evolution and phylodynamics in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The Nordic countries differed markedly in the invasiveness of control strategies, which we found reflected in transmission chain dynamics. For example, Sweden, which compared with the other Nordic countries relied more on recommendation-based rather than legislation-based mitigation interventions, had transmission chains that were more numerous and tended to have more cases. This trend increased over the first 8 months of 2020. Together with Denmark, Sweden was a net exporter of SARS-CoV-2. Norway and Finland implemented legislation-based interventions; their transmission chain dynamics were in stark contrast to their neighbouring country Sweden. Conclusion Sweden constituted an epidemiological and evolutionary refugium that enabled the virus to maintain active transmission and spread to other geographical locations. Our analysis reveals the utility of genomic surveillance where monitoring of active transmission chains is a key metric.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2: Adapting Illumina Protocols for Quick and Accurate Outbreak Investigation During a Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sureshnee Pillay ◽  
Jennifer Giandhari ◽  
Houriiyah Tegally ◽  
Eduan Wilkinson ◽  
Benjamin Chimukangara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Library Preparation ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic spread very fast around the world. A few days after the first detected case in South Africa, an infection started a large hospital outbreak in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes can be used to trace the path of transmission within a hospital. It can also identify the source of the outbreak and provide lessons to improve infection prevention and control strategies. In this manuscript, we outline the obstacles we encountered in order to genotype SARS-CoV-2 in real-time during an urgent outbreak investigation. In this process, we encountered problems with the length of the original genotyping protocol, reagent stockout and sample degradation and storage. However, we managed to set up three different library preparation methods for sequencing in Illumina. We also managed to decrease the hands on library preparation time from twelve to three hours, which allowed us to complete the outbreak investigation in just a few weeks. We also fine-tuned a simple bioinformatics workflow for the assembly of high-quality genomes in real-time. In order to allow other laboratories to learn from our experience, we released all of the library preparation and bioinformatics protocols publicly and distributed them to other laboratories of the South African Network for Genomics Surveillance (SANGS) consortium.

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