Legionella in sugar factory process waters – Analysis and control in Nordic Sugar

2011 ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
Christer Bergwall
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Assay Time ◽  
And Control

This presentation will summarise the experiences gained from a Legionella project within Nordic Sugar which emphasises risk evaluation, modern DNA analysis methods, control strategies and water treatment methods. The project started in 2002 with yearly campaign screenings for Legionella spp and Legionella pneumophila. Initially an ISO Legionella method for quantification was used, but this was replaced with a modern, rapid DNA-based Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction assay in 2005. The assay time for quantitative results using the Real Time PCR is approximately 3 hours compared to between 10 and 14 days for the ISO-method. All Nordic Sugar factories equipped with cooling towers are screened on a weekly or bi-weekly basis during every sugar campaign. Only one sugar factory has shown consistently positive results for Legionella pneumophila on a moderate level. A multiple biocide approach combined with a dispersing agent was successfully used to control the Legionella. In 2010 a non-chemical treatment method, Wallenius AOT-system was installed to eliminate an annual high cost for biocides. The system successfully controlled the L. pneumophila even when the cooling water was partially exchanged with fresh lake water.

scholarly journals Mobility Enhancement of Heavy-Duty Tracked Vehicles Under Load Using Real-Time Terrain Characterization, Traction Control, and a Towing Winch

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Cook ◽  
Laura E. Ray ◽  
James H. Lever
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Traction Control ◽  
Tracked Vehicles ◽  
Selection Approach ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
State Force ◽  
And Control ◽  
Multibody Dynamics Model

This paper presents a generalized, multibody dynamics model for a tracked vehicle equipped with a towing winch and control strategies that enhance vehicle mobility by regulating track slip based on real-time terrain characterization and automating winch use. The vehicle model is validated under conditions where no action is taken by the winch. Thereafter, two mobility enhancing control strategies are outlined. The first strategy regulates track slip to a real-time estimated value that generates maximum net traction. This is done by computing state-force estimates from a Kalman filter that are compared to terrain traction models using a Bayesian hypothesis selection approach. If the vehicle is traction limited and the first strategy fails, a second strategy that automates winch use is activated. Simulation results are shown for both scenarios.

Fuzzy Control for Variable Cooling Water Flow System

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Variable Flow ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Cooling Water System ◽  
And Control

The variable flow cooling water system can achieve energy saving benefits just like variable primary flow chilled water system for central air conditioning system. How to design the control system with appropriate control algorithms and control strategies is particularly important. We can clarify the basic control principle of variable cooling water flow technology based on the analysis on DOF (degree of freedom) of cooling water systems, it is important for control system design. The article pointed out explicitly that the realization of variable flow technology for cooling water system must construct two control loops, one for cooling water supply temperature the other for return temperature, further more discussed control strategies for two control loops. In the end the article illustrated the synchronous frequency conversion technology for multiple cooling water pumps system to avoid overload when part of pumps put in operation

scholarly journals A Review of Fouling Mechanisms, Control Strategies and Real-Time Fouling Monitoring Techniques in Forward Osmosis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrar Ibrar ◽  
Osamah Naji ◽  
Adel Sharif ◽  
Ali Malekizadeh ◽  
Alaa Alhawari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Critical Flux ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Forward osmosis has gained tremendous attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads to flux decline, can cause operational problems and can result in negative consequences that can damage the membrane. Hereby, we attempt to review the different types of fouling in forward osmosis, cleaning and control strategies for fouling mitigation, and the impact of membrane hydrophilicity, charge and morphology on fouling. The fundamentals of biofouling, organic, colloidal and inorganic fouling are discussed with a focus on recent studies. We also review some of the in-situ real-time online fouling monitoring technologies for real-time fouling monitoring that can be applicable to future research on forward osmosis fouling studies. A brief discussion on critical flux and the coupled effects of fouling and concentration polarization is also provided.

Design and Application of Power Active Filter Harmonic Extract Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 2399-2403
Author(s):  
You Hua Jiang ◽  
Zhi Min Huang ◽  
Shang Xing Ye
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Active Filter ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Data Processing Method ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
And Control ◽  
Design And Application

Active filter topology and principle are introduced. Harmonic data processing method is proposed . The method can greatly reduce the amount of computation of the controller to improve real-time. In addition, the working principle of the active filter topology and control strategies are introduced and analyzed. Results verify the correctness of the algorithm and the feasibility of the design.

Design of an Information Integration Control Network for Hybrid Electric Trucks

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 2572-2575
Author(s):  
Jun Xu ◽  
Gang Yan Li ◽  
Fei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Load Rate ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Control

In view of the requirements on multi-target information interaction and implementing complicated control strategies among different ECUs in hybrid electric trucks, an information integration control network based on CAN bus is proposed. A HCS12 dual-core processor MC9S12XDG128 is adopted to design an information integration module for sensor signal acquisition and data transmission in the network. Application layer protocol is defined to optimize the message transmission mechanism. Meanwhile, Rate Monotonic Analysis (RMA) method is adopted to analyze bus load rate and real-time performance of the network. Bench test results have shown that the designed information integration control network for hybrid electric trucks owns good real-time performance and is reliable to implement communication and control tasks with low bus load rate.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2: Adapting Illumina Protocols for Quick and Accurate Outbreak Investigation During a Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sureshnee Pillay ◽  
Jennifer Giandhari ◽  
Houriiyah Tegally ◽  
Eduan Wilkinson ◽  
Benjamin Chimukangara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Outbreak Investigation ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Library Preparation ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Hospital Outbreak ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic spread very fast around the world. A few days after the first detected case in South Africa, an infection started a large hospital outbreak in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes can be used to trace the path of transmission within a hospital. It can also identify the source of the outbreak and provide lessons to improve infection prevention and control strategies. In this manuscript, we outline the obstacles we encountered in order to genotype SARS-CoV-2 in real-time during an urgent outbreak investigation. In this process, we encountered problems with the length of the original genotyping protocol, reagent stockout and sample degradation and storage. However, we managed to set up three different library preparation methods for sequencing in Illumina. We also managed to decrease the hands on library preparation time from twelve to three hours, which allowed us to complete the outbreak investigation in just a few weeks. We also fine-tuned a simple bioinformatics workflow for the assembly of high-quality genomes in real-time. In order to allow other laboratories to learn from our experience, we released all of the library preparation and bioinformatics protocols publicly and distributed them to other laboratories of the South African Network for Genomics Surveillance (SANGS) consortium.

Stepping Motor Technology for Undergraduates

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
P. P. Acarnley
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stepping Motor ◽  
And Control

A first-year undergraduate experiment on a microprocessor-controlled stepping motor system is described. The experiment provides a basic introduction to such important concepts as real-time programming and interfacing techniques, as well as giving an appreciation of stepping motor performance and control strategies.

Microstructural investigation of surface roughness in MBE-grown AlAs

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
R. Rajesh ◽  
R. Droopad ◽  
C. H. Kuo ◽  
R. W. Carpenter ◽  
G. N. Maracas
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Effusion Cell ◽  
Surface Oxide Layer ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Film Substrate ◽  
And Control

Knowledge of material pseudodielectric functions at MBE growth temperatures is essential for achieving in-situ, real time growth control. This allows us to accurately monitor and control thicknesses of the layers during growth. Undesired effusion cell temperature fluctuations during growth can thus be compensated for in real-time by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The accuracy in determining pseudodielectric functions is increased if one does not require applying a structure model to correct for the presence of an unknown surface layer such as a native oxide. Performing these measurements in an MBE reactor on as-grown material gives us this advantage. Thus, a simple three phase model (vacuum/thin film/substrate) can be used to obtain thin film data without uncertainties arising from a surface oxide layer of unknown composition and temperature dependence.In this study, we obtain the pseudodielectric functions of MBE-grown AlAs from growth temperature (650°C) to room temperature (30°C). The profile of the wavelength-dependent function from the ellipsometry data indicated a rough surface after growth of 0.5 μm of AlAs at a substrate temperature of 600°C, which is typical for MBE-growth of GaAs.

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