The Impact of Fiscal Policies on the Socioeconomic Determinants of Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Mosquera ◽  
Yolanda González-Rábago ◽  
Amaia Bacigalupe ◽  
Marc Suhrcke
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Health Inequalities

There has been considerable recent debate around the alleged impact of discretionary fiscal policies – especially austerity policies – on health and health inequalities. Assuming that most of the impact will have to run via the effect of fiscal policies on socioeconomic determinants of health (SDH), it is of interest to gain a further understanding of the relationship between fiscal policies and SDH. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the recent evidence on the impact of discretionary fiscal policies on key SDH, i.e. income, poverty, education, and employment, in high income OECD countries. We find that there are no simple answers as to how fiscal policy affects those determinants of health. The effects of contractionary and expansionary fiscal policies on the analyzed SDH vary considerably across countries and will largely depend on the pre-crisis situation. Contractionary fiscal policies seem to have increased poverty, while their impact on income inequality will be influenced by the composition of the implemented measures. More empirical research trying to directly link fiscal policies to health outcomes, while taking into account of some of the mechanisms encountered here, would be worthwhile.

The Impact of Nonpartisan Fiscal Institutions on Budgetary Delay

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Colin Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Can the design of governmental institutions promote timely governance? This article investigates this question by examining the relationship between the design of fiscal institutions and budgetary delays across the fifty states. These budgetary offices are created by lawmakers to advance sound fiscal policy and sustainable public finance. This article argues that the unbiased information provided by nonpartisan budget offices minimize the likelihood of budgetary delay as well as lessen how long budgetary stalemate persists when a delay occurs. The findings suggest that nonpartisan fiscal institutions do not prevent budgetary delay but substantially reduce the duration of budgetary gridlock.

Limitations on Participation and Their Relation to Social Determinants of Health Among Occupational Therapists and Occupational Therapy Students During Coronavirus Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Menéndez Álvarez ◽  
Emiliano Diez Villoria ◽  
Estíbaliz Jimenez Arberas ◽  
Ana María Castaño Pérez ◽  
Antonio León García Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Importance: For the first time in recent history, people worldwide have faced severe restrictions in occupations because of the measures adopted by governments to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. Objective: To determine the limitations on participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students during “lockdown” and their impact on social determinants of health. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted via an online survey. Participants: A total of 488 occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in North America, South America, and Europe. Outcomes and Measures: A questionnaire consisting of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and items developed to assess the impact of lockdown on daily life was emailed to occupational therapy professional associations, organizations, and universities between April and June 2020. It was available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese and met all the parameters listed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: The roles and routines of people across the developed world have been affected by lockdown measures. The study shows marked differences between participants in the domains of getting along and life activities, as well as influence on the environment. Moreover, South American participants experienced these difficulties to a greater extent than European participants. Conclusions and Relevance: This study quantifies the limitations in the participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students and the relationship of occupation to social determinants of health. What This Article Adds: The results of this research corroborate the relationship between health and occupation and highlight elements, such as the environment and context, that are important in occupational therapy. Therapists’ ability to analyze occupation in relation to contextual and cultural factors will benefit clients.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Urbanization and Fiscal Policy --- Taking Jiangxi Province of China As an Example

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ying Wan
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Dynamic Correlation ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Fiscal Revenue ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Urbanization is still the direction of China's development in the next twenty years. The study of the relationship between fiscal policy and urbanization is of great value to the healthy promotion of urbanization. In this paper, through the establishment of vector autoregressive model, and analysis using the impulse response function and variance decomposition empirical dynamic correlation between the development of urbanization in Jiangxi province and that of fiscal policy, fiscal policy focus; at the same time, this thesis employs qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, normative analysis and empirical analysis, combined with the reality of the development of urbanization in Jiangxi Province in order to analyze of the relationship between the development of urbanization in Jiangxi province and fiscal policy and the existing problems. The study found that there is a cointegration relationship between fiscal policy and urbanization. The impact of fiscal expenditure on Urbanization in Jiangxi is better than that in fiscal revenue. Finally, this paper also puts forward relevant policy.

scholarly journals Growing discoordination between monetary and fiscal policies in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Mishchenko ◽  
Svitlana Naumenkova ◽  
Volodymyr Mishchenko ◽  
Viktor Ivanov ◽  
Roman Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Monetary And Fiscal Policy ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

The slowdown in economic development caused by the reduction in the efficiency of the functioning of state institutions determined the focus of the governments of most countries of the world on achieving sustainable economic growth, as well as ensuring macroeconomic and macrofinancial stability. A major issue that is dealt with is the weakening of the interaction of monetary and fiscal policies in Ukraine. It can be assumed that one of the reasons hindering economic growth is growing discoordination between monetary and fiscal policies. The purpose of this study is to assess the nature of monetary and fiscal policies in Ukraine in 2000–2017 and justify the need for coordination between them to stimulate economic growth. For the quantitative assessment of the influence of monetary and fiscal factors on GDP, the models of autoregression with distributed lags – ARDL are used. The analysis makes it possible to distinguish and characterize three stages of combining the rigid and stimulating monetary and fiscal policy in Ukraine in 2000–2017. The article examines the influence of the dynamics of the monetary aggregate M3, the inflation rate and the weighted average base interest rate on the growth rates of real GDP in Ukraine, the impact of using the “monetary clamp” effect on the increase in the NBU’s interest rate, and the direct effect of monetary factors on the fiscal policy. The authors conclude that the inconsistency of monetary and fiscal policies is one of the reasons for the high volatility of macroeconomic indicators. The article substantiates the conclusion that it is necessary to overcome the increasing antagonism between monetary and fiscal policies in Ukraine and to strengthen their coordination.

scholarly journals Guillermo E. Perry, Luis Servén, and Rodrigo Suescún (eds.). Fiscal Policy, Stabilisation, and Growth: Prudence or Abstinence? Washington, D.C: The World Bank. 2008. Paperback. 329 Pages. Price not Given.

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Mahmood Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

‘Fiscal Policy, Stablisation, and Growth’ edited by Guillermo Perry, is an excellent volume covering the typical but current debate on “Does Fiscal Policy Matters”. The book highlights the procyclical and anti-investment biases embedded in fiscal policies, explores their causes and macroeconomic consequences. The text provides empirical substance to the theoretical models and offers policy and recommendations, to help overcome the procyclicality and anti-investment biases of fiscal policies adopted thereof. With wide range of technical and empirical discussions, political economy aspects of the budgets have also been examined. Though the focus of the book is Latin American and the Caribbean countries, the debate is so holistic that it can be used for policy recommendations else where as well. The book is organised in two parts; the first part, spread over four chapters, covers the procyclicality of Fiscal policy while the Part II, comprised of five chapters, elucidates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth. The discourse takes into account the fiscal policy solvency condition and its imbedded biases towards certain policy options. Chapter 1 provides an excellent overview of what is discussed in the volume. The book argues that excessive focus of fiscal agents on short term indicators of fiscal health, namely the government debt or cash flows, may detract attention from tracking the intertemporal solvency. Such detraction will affect the macroeconomic stability and long-term growth, argues the book. Perverse incentives, that have political economy context, are at the root of flawed policies such as procyclical policies, contends the book.

scholarly journals ONE EMU FISCAL POLICY FOR THE EURO

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1477
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lucas Cole ◽  
Chiara Guerello ◽  
Guido Traficante
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Net Exports ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Trade Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

We build a two-country New-Keynesian DSGE model of a Currency Union to study the effects of fiscal policy coordination, by evaluating the stabilization properties and welfare implications of different fiscal policy scenarios. Our main findings are that a government spending rule which targets the net exports gap rather than the domestic output gap produces more stable dynamics and that consolidating government budget constraints across countries with symmetric tax rate movements provides greater stabilization. A key role is played by the trade elasticity which determines the impact of the terms of trade on net exports. In fact, when goods are complements, the stabilization properties of coordinating fiscal policies are no longer supported. These findings point out to possible policy prescriptions for the Euro Area: to coordinate fiscal policies by reducing international demand imbalances, either by stabilizing trade flows across countries or by creating some form of Fiscal Union or both.

scholarly journals Fiscal Policy, FDI and Macroeconomic Stabilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudiu Tiberiu Albulescu ◽  
Nicolae Bogdan Ianc
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Macroeconomic Stabilization ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of counter-cyclical fiscal policies and FDI inflows on macroeconomic stabilization in the selected Euro area countries. Performing a panel data analysis for 9 economies over the timespan 1980-2014 and, using a Pooled Mean Group estimator, it was shown that a counter-cyclical fiscal policy, associated with a lower tax burden during turbulent economic times, contributes to the reduction of output volatility. At the same time, increased FDI inflows positively influence the macroeconomic stabilization. In addition, a reduced volatility of investment inflows has a positive impact on the economic growth stabilization, but this result is sensitive to the way the tax burden is calculated. In a nutshell, the findings show that, in the long-run, authorities should resort to counter-cyclical fiscal policies and encourage FDI inflows to stabilize the economy and, thus, reduce the amplitude of business cycles.

scholarly journals Inequality and fiscal policies in Uruguay by race

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-411
Author(s):  
Marisa Bucheli ◽  
Maximo Rossi ◽  
Florencia Amábile
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Exit Rate ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Racial Gaps ◽  
Incidence Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal policy by race, disaggregating to consider Uruguayans with primarily European, African and indigenous ancestry. We perform an incidence analysis, an estimation of the effect of fiscal policy on the poverty exit rate and an assessment of the impact on the average ethno-racial gaps. The findings support the idea that fiscal policy reduces (but does not eliminate) ethnic gaps. This result is led by health care and educational transfers, and to a lesser degree by direct transfers. We do not consider quality issues with public services, which may affect the estimated narrowing of gaps. Finally, we find that Afro-descendants and indigenous individuals do not capture the full potential of education transfers because of their high drop-out rate.

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