scholarly journals Inequality and fiscal policies in Uruguay by race

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-411
Author(s):  
Marisa Bucheli ◽  
Maximo Rossi ◽  
Florencia Amábile
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Exit Rate ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Racial Gaps ◽  
Incidence Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal policy by race, disaggregating to consider Uruguayans with primarily European, African and indigenous ancestry. We perform an incidence analysis, an estimation of the effect of fiscal policy on the poverty exit rate and an assessment of the impact on the average ethno-racial gaps. The findings support the idea that fiscal policy reduces (but does not eliminate) ethnic gaps. This result is led by health care and educational transfers, and to a lesser degree by direct transfers. We do not consider quality issues with public services, which may affect the estimated narrowing of gaps. Finally, we find that Afro-descendants and indigenous individuals do not capture the full potential of education transfers because of their high drop-out rate.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Brief Home-Based Intervention on Families with a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Mullan ◽  
Kerry Boyd ◽  
Roy McConkey
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Home Based Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disadvantaged Families

Abstract A brief intervention is described and evaluated that aimed to build and strengthen relationships for families of children diagnosed with ASD aged 12 and under. A particular focus was on socially disadvantaged parents. Parents were offered around five home visits which took place on weekdays during working hours; each lasting around 90 min. They were given individualised practical tools and support to manage their children’s behaviours alongside providing a listening ear to parents’ concerns. In all, 456 children and 427 families participated over a four-year period with a take-up rate of 87% of all referrals. The drop-out rate was low (4.5%) as was the proportion of missed and cancelled appointments. Parents’ satisfaction ratings were high and most found the number of sessions provided was ‘just right’. Children improved in their personal care, had less difficulty with change, showed less anger and had fewer meltdowns. Parents reported being less stressed, not feeling so down and managing their child better. The evaluations suggested that a brief home-based intervention is a viable and effective means of providing personalized, post-diagnostic support to parents at periodic intervals, although socially disadvantaged families may require additional assistance beyond managing their child’s ASD. The project also highlighted broader issues that impede effective support for families.

scholarly journals Growing discoordination between monetary and fiscal policies in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Mishchenko ◽  
Svitlana Naumenkova ◽  
Volodymyr Mishchenko ◽  
Viktor Ivanov ◽  
Roman Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Monetary And Fiscal Policy ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

The slowdown in economic development caused by the reduction in the efficiency of the functioning of state institutions determined the focus of the governments of most countries of the world on achieving sustainable economic growth, as well as ensuring macroeconomic and macrofinancial stability. A major issue that is dealt with is the weakening of the interaction of monetary and fiscal policies in Ukraine. It can be assumed that one of the reasons hindering economic growth is growing discoordination between monetary and fiscal policies. The purpose of this study is to assess the nature of monetary and fiscal policies in Ukraine in 2000–2017 and justify the need for coordination between them to stimulate economic growth. For the quantitative assessment of the influence of monetary and fiscal factors on GDP, the models of autoregression with distributed lags – ARDL are used. The analysis makes it possible to distinguish and characterize three stages of combining the rigid and stimulating monetary and fiscal policy in Ukraine in 2000–2017. The article examines the influence of the dynamics of the monetary aggregate M3, the inflation rate and the weighted average base interest rate on the growth rates of real GDP in Ukraine, the impact of using the “monetary clamp” effect on the increase in the NBU’s interest rate, and the direct effect of monetary factors on the fiscal policy. The authors conclude that the inconsistency of monetary and fiscal policies is one of the reasons for the high volatility of macroeconomic indicators. The article substantiates the conclusion that it is necessary to overcome the increasing antagonism between monetary and fiscal policies in Ukraine and to strengthen their coordination.

The Impact of Fiscal Policies on the Socioeconomic Determinants of Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Mosquera ◽  
Yolanda González-Rábago ◽  
Amaia Bacigalupe ◽  
Marc Suhrcke
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Socioeconomic Determinants ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Health Inequalities

There has been considerable recent debate around the alleged impact of discretionary fiscal policies – especially austerity policies – on health and health inequalities. Assuming that most of the impact will have to run via the effect of fiscal policies on socioeconomic determinants of health (SDH), it is of interest to gain a further understanding of the relationship between fiscal policies and SDH. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the recent evidence on the impact of discretionary fiscal policies on key SDH, i.e. income, poverty, education, and employment, in high income OECD countries. We find that there are no simple answers as to how fiscal policy affects those determinants of health. The effects of contractionary and expansionary fiscal policies on the analyzed SDH vary considerably across countries and will largely depend on the pre-crisis situation. Contractionary fiscal policies seem to have increased poverty, while their impact on income inequality will be influenced by the composition of the implemented measures. More empirical research trying to directly link fiscal policies to health outcomes, while taking into account of some of the mechanisms encountered here, would be worthwhile.

scholarly journals The impact of acute care clinical practice guidelines on length of stay: A closer look at some conflicting findings

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moriah Ellen ◽  
G. Ross Baker ◽  
Adalsteinn Brown
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Impact

Systematic reviews have found that clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are associated with lower lengths of stay (LOS), but a secondary analysis of Ontario acute care hospitals found few significant relationships between CPGs and LOS. This research explored possible reasons for these findings and what other factors may impact the CPG-LOS relationship. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff from nine hospitals whose jobs dealt with developing, implementing, monitoring, updating, or evaluating CPGs. Interviews were analyzed utilizing methods outlined by Aurebach. A variety of leaders and hospital types were represented. Five main factors influencing relationships between CPGs and LOS were identified: 1) the purpose of implementation, 2) evidence base for CPG content and selection, 3) health care professionals’ response to change and compliance, 4) dissemination strategies, and 5) organizational support and resources. The interviews suggested possible reasons why CPGs are not realizing their full potential impact on LOS in Ontario hospitals, ranging from poor compliance to resistance from health care providers. CPGs themselves are not perceived to be the reason for ineffectiveness; rather, organizational- and individual-level barriers seem to be the causes.

scholarly journals Guillermo E. Perry, Luis Servén, and Rodrigo Suescún (eds.). Fiscal Policy, Stabilisation, and Growth: Prudence or Abstinence? Washington, D.C: The World Bank. 2008. Paperback. 329 Pages. Price not Given.

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Mahmood Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

‘Fiscal Policy, Stablisation, and Growth’ edited by Guillermo Perry, is an excellent volume covering the typical but current debate on “Does Fiscal Policy Matters”. The book highlights the procyclical and anti-investment biases embedded in fiscal policies, explores their causes and macroeconomic consequences. The text provides empirical substance to the theoretical models and offers policy and recommendations, to help overcome the procyclicality and anti-investment biases of fiscal policies adopted thereof. With wide range of technical and empirical discussions, political economy aspects of the budgets have also been examined. Though the focus of the book is Latin American and the Caribbean countries, the debate is so holistic that it can be used for policy recommendations else where as well. The book is organised in two parts; the first part, spread over four chapters, covers the procyclicality of Fiscal policy while the Part II, comprised of five chapters, elucidates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth. The discourse takes into account the fiscal policy solvency condition and its imbedded biases towards certain policy options. Chapter 1 provides an excellent overview of what is discussed in the volume. The book argues that excessive focus of fiscal agents on short term indicators of fiscal health, namely the government debt or cash flows, may detract attention from tracking the intertemporal solvency. Such detraction will affect the macroeconomic stability and long-term growth, argues the book. Perverse incentives, that have political economy context, are at the root of flawed policies such as procyclical policies, contends the book.

scholarly journals ONE EMU FISCAL POLICY FOR THE EURO

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1437-1477
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lucas Cole ◽  
Chiara Guerello ◽  
Guido Traficante
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Net Exports ◽  
International Demand ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Trade Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

We build a two-country New-Keynesian DSGE model of a Currency Union to study the effects of fiscal policy coordination, by evaluating the stabilization properties and welfare implications of different fiscal policy scenarios. Our main findings are that a government spending rule which targets the net exports gap rather than the domestic output gap produces more stable dynamics and that consolidating government budget constraints across countries with symmetric tax rate movements provides greater stabilization. A key role is played by the trade elasticity which determines the impact of the terms of trade on net exports. In fact, when goods are complements, the stabilization properties of coordinating fiscal policies are no longer supported. These findings point out to possible policy prescriptions for the Euro Area: to coordinate fiscal policies by reducing international demand imbalances, either by stabilizing trade flows across countries or by creating some form of Fiscal Union or both.

scholarly journals Fiscal Policy, FDI and Macroeconomic Stabilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudiu Tiberiu Albulescu ◽  
Nicolae Bogdan Ianc
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Macroeconomic Stabilization ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of counter-cyclical fiscal policies and FDI inflows on macroeconomic stabilization in the selected Euro area countries. Performing a panel data analysis for 9 economies over the timespan 1980-2014 and, using a Pooled Mean Group estimator, it was shown that a counter-cyclical fiscal policy, associated with a lower tax burden during turbulent economic times, contributes to the reduction of output volatility. At the same time, increased FDI inflows positively influence the macroeconomic stabilization. In addition, a reduced volatility of investment inflows has a positive impact on the economic growth stabilization, but this result is sensitive to the way the tax burden is calculated. In a nutshell, the findings show that, in the long-run, authorities should resort to counter-cyclical fiscal policies and encourage FDI inflows to stabilize the economy and, thus, reduce the amplitude of business cycles.

The Impact of Digital Health on Traditional Healthcare Systems and Doctor-Patient Relationships

2018 ◽  
pp. 143-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Yuen Luk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care System

This chapter uses a historical perspective to examine the development trajectory of digital health in Singapore since 1980 and the impact of digital health on the current health care system and doctor-patient relationship. It shows that digital health is able to transform a fragmented and provider-centric health care system into a more integrated and patient-centric health care system. Besides, it improves the operational efficiency of health care providers, reduces administrative costs and turnaround time, and empowers patients to contribute in treatment decisions. It shows that the development of digital health requires the government to have strong political will and long-term commitment to support and promote the use of digital health to its full potential and engage stakeholders in the policy making process so that such policy can suit the special needs of stakeholders.

scholarly journals TRABAJO EN RED Y ACOMPAÑAMIENTO SOCIOEDUCATIVO CON ESTUDIANTES DE SECUNDARIA EN DESVENTAJA SOCIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Ruiz-Román ◽  
Lorena Molina Cuesta ◽  
Rocio Alcaide Vives
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
School Students ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Drop Out Rate ◽  
School Drop Out ◽  
Educational Inclusion ◽  
The Impact

Resumen:Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una evaluación realizada al programa “Asperones Avanza”. Un programa que, mediante el trabajo en red, pretende favorecer las oportunidades educativas de estudiantes de secundaria que viven en riesgo de exclusión social en la barriada de Los Asperones (Málaga). El estudio que se presenta tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto de los tres ejes de actuación del programa “Asperones Avanza”: 1) La disminución del abandono escolar; 2) La mejora de la inclusión socioeducativa de los estudiantes a través de procesos de acompañamiento; y 3) La creación de procesos de trabajo en red. Los investigadores consensuaron una serie de indicadores de evaluación en torno a estos tres ejes. Dichos indicadores determinaron la necesidad de contar con diversidad de informantes (docentes, educadores sociales, estudiantes y madres), así como la opción de utilizar instrumentos de corte cuantitativo y cualitativo para cubrir las limitaciones propias de cada instrumento y responder a la globalidad de los indicadores. Los resultados de la investigación muestran los beneficios que el programa ha tenido sobre el rendimiento académico y el abandono escolar de los estudiantes. Así mismo, los resultados evidencian la importancia del acompañamiento educativo realizado por los educadores y de las sinergias generadas entre los diversos agentes socioeducativos. En la discusión y conclusiones se contrastan los resultados obtenidos con referentes teóricos y se ofrecen algunos aportes relativos a los beneficios de la acción socioeducativa en red para contrarrestar los hándicaps de estudiantes en riesgo de exclusión social. Abstract:This paper discusses the results of an evaluation of the ‘Asperones Avanza’ programme. This programme seeks to promote the educational opportunities of secondary school students living at risk of social exclusion through a network project carried out in a neighbourhood in Malaga, Spain, called Los Asperones. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the three main lines of action of the ‘Asperones Avanza’ programme: 1) Reducing the school drop-out rate; 2) Improving the socio-educational inclusion of students through educational support; and 3) Creating network-based processes. The researchers agreed on a series of evaluation indicators around these three lines of action. These indicators required various types of informants (teachers, social educators, students and mothers), as well as the choice of using quantitative and qualitative instruments to compensate for the limitations of each instrument and address all the indicators. The results of the study show the benefits that the programme has had on the students’ academic performance and drop-out rate. The results also illustrate the importance of the educational support provided by educators and the synergies generated among the various socio-educational agents. The discussion and conclusions monitor the results against the theoretical framework used as a reference and provide some contributions related to the benefits of network-based socio-educational action in order to counteract the handicaps of students at risk of social exclusion.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Great Recession on Monetary and Fiscal Policy in Developed Market Economies

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Šehović
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Monetary And Fiscal Policy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: With the occurrence of the crisis in 2007, which caused the largest economic contraction since the Great Depression in the thirties, it has become evident that the previous understanding of strategies, effects and roles of monetary and fiscal policy should be redefined. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to illustrate a possible expected change in monetary and fiscal policy in developed market economies that could occur as a consequence of the Great Recession. Methods/Approach: The paper provides a comparative analysis of various primary economic variables related to the developed OECD countries, as well as the empirical testing of the selected theoretical assumptions. Results: The changes in monetary policy refer to the question of raising target inflation, considering a possible use of aggregate price level targeting and paying attention to the role of central banks in suppressing the formation of an asset bubble. The success of fiscal policy in attaining stabilization depends on the size of possible fiscal measures and creation of automatic stabilizers. Conclusions: For the most part, monetary and fiscal policies will still stay unchanged, although some segments of these policies need to be improved.

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