scholarly journals How did Sweden Fail the Pandemic?

2021 ◽  
pp. 002073142199484
Author(s):  
Finn Diderichsen
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Differential Exposure ◽  
The Government ◽  
Differential Immunity ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality

Sweden has since the start of the pandemic a COVID-19 mortality rate that is 4 to 10 times higher than in the other Nordic countries. Also, measured as age-standardized all-cause excess mortality in the first half of 2020 compared to previous years Sweden failed in comparison with the other Nordic countries, but only among the elderly. Sweden has large socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality. Geographical, ethnic, and socioeconomic inequalities in mortality can be due to differential exposure to the virus, differential immunity, and differential survival. Most of the country differences are due to differential exposure, but the socioeconomic disparities are mainly driven by differential survival due to an unequal burden of comorbidity. Sweden suffered from an unfortunate timing of tourists returning from virus hotspots in the Alps and Sweden's government response came later and was much more limited than elsewhere. The government had an explicit priority to protect the elderly in nursing and care homes but failed to do so. The staff in elderly care are less qualified and have harder working conditions in Sweden, and they lacked adequate care for the clients. Sweden has in recent years diverged from the Scandinavian welfare model by strong commercialization of primary care and elderly care.

Development of a Mobile Time Banking system on Blockchain (MTBB) for Community Elderly Care (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hungyi Chen ◽  
Yuan-Chia Chu ◽  
Feipei Lai
Keyword(s):  
Care Service ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Services ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Member Service ◽  
Blockchain Technology

BACKGROUND Time banking is a good mechanism to provide elderly care in community services with members having mutual benefits, besides social welfare and out-of-pocket fee payment mechanisms. With further integration with off-line works, mobile time banking may provide a better way, compared to traditional web access. On the other hand, blockchain technology has been long encountering difficulty in integrating with real-world economies or activities. Development of a mobile time banking system on blockchain (MTBB) may provide a realistic solution for community elderly care. Besides, the tracking mechanism from blockchain technology itself may also help track the elderly care service transaction records in order to measure better Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by United Nations (UN). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop the MTBB, which enables tracking service transaction records in community elderly care through mutual helps. METHODS The MTBB was developed to empower organizations, either Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) organizations, or Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs), to issue time tokens of their proprietary token types to the members who participate in the volunteer activities organized by the organizations respectively. In the service activities, members sign in and sign out before and after the services by using a smartphone app, and then get the time tokens afterwards. Members with time tokens can then exchange time tokens for elderly care services using the same smartphone app. MultiChain is used as the blockchain technology stack, as one of its features to support multiple token types is critical. RESULTS Database applications with smartphone apps integrated with MultiChain were developed. The whole set of the database schema was integrated with two smartphone apps, one for members, and the other for organizations, in addition to the two backend operations modules, one for organizations, and the other for managing all organizations and members. The MultiChain wallet was also integrated into the member app, as well as the organization backend modules for keeping track of the service transactions and time tokens. Metadata with the service transaction information is stored in the MultiChain blocks so that the transaction records are immutable and can thus be analyzed in the future. CONCLUSIONS The twelve characteristics of Cahn’s time banking are the guidelines of developing this MTBB with integration of MultiChain blockchain technology for tracking service transaction records. The study also combines the 1-to-1 member service exchange with organizations holding volunteer activities and issuing proprietary time tokens. With the blockchain transaction tracking mechanism, all of the elderly care service records through or within organizations can be tracked and analyzed to align with UN’s five SDGs.

scholarly journals A Study on Supply–Demand Satisfaction of Community-Based Senior Care Combined with the Psychological Perception of the Elderly

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Jiangang Shi ◽  
Wenwen Hua ◽  
Daizhong Tang ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Quanwei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Government

Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and customer satisfaction theory, we constructed a satisfaction model for supply–demand satisfaction for community-based senior care (SSCSC) combined with the psychological perspective of the elderly, and four dimensions of basic living needs (BLNs), living environment (LE), personal traits (PTs), and livability for the aged (LA) were selected to construct the model. The data were obtained from 296 questionnaires from seniors over 50 years old (or completed by relatives on their behalf, according to their actual situation). Twenty-two observed variables were selected for the five latent variables, and their interactions were explored using structural equation modeling. The results showed that LA was the most significant factor influencing SSCSC, and it was followed by BLNs and LE. PTs did not show a direct effect on LA, but they could have an indirect effect on SSCSC through influencing BLNs and LE. Based on the current state of community aging satisfaction, we propose to establish a community elderly care service system based on the basic needs of the elderly population, providing differentiated and refined elderly care services and improving the level of aging-friendly communities. This study provides references for the government to formulate relevant policies and other supply entities to make strategic decisions and has important implications for further enhancing community elderly services to become an important part of the social security system for the elderly.

scholarly journals Exploring the facet of elderly care centre in multiethnic Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filzah Md Isa ◽  
Shaista Noor ◽  
Goh Wei Wei ◽  
Sharifah Diyana Binti Syed Hussain ◽  
Hairunnisa Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
The Government

Purpose Malaysia is considered to be a relatively young country as compared to other older countries such as Japan, China and Australia in terms of the ageing population. However, until 2035, Malaysia will be in the ageing group countries as 15% of the entire population will be above 60 years of age. This situation is quite alarming as more and more ageing care centres will be required to fulfill the ongoing demands of the ageing population. The elderly care centres in Malaysia are categorised as public (sponsored by the government), private, and charity based that comes under religious centres. Currently, there are about 365 registered elderly care centres working in the main states of Malaysia, including Sabah and Sarawak, two states of the East Malaysia. Due to the importance of ageing population issues, the present study is conducted to explore the demographics facet of Malaysian’s elderly care centres. The main reason behind that lies on the fact that many of these centres are still labelled as being not well equipped and lacking behind in trained staff, equipment and also suffering from severe financial constraints but some still capable of working on a sustainability basis. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative Research Strategy has been adopted, and 28 centres throughout Malaysia are included in this study. About 18 Operators from different centres and 15 caregivers were interviewed to get the holistic view of ageing care and facilities in their respective centres. Findings The results highlight that the majority of centres are not receiving any financial help from the government, and few centres are doing small business such as supplying consumable medical and non-medical items and providing renting and rehabilitation centres facilities to sustain. The caregivers are facing issues such as excess workload, less salary, peer conflicts and non-cooperative centre leadership. Originality/value The present study may help to provide useful information to the policymakers, which enables them to formulate the strategies for ageing care centres in Malaysia. As this study provides insight of components that have an impact on the overall wellbeing of elderly care centres, hence, it could help the care services providers to act as a rising star for Malaysian’s social life comfort.

scholarly journals Pengangguran Di Tengah Puncak Bonus Demografi Pada Era Pandemi Covid-19

IJAcc ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Rizka Azzahra
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Worship Education ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

Demographers predict that in the period 2020-2030 Indonesia will experience a demographic bonus with a peak around 2030. At that time, the number of people with productive age in Indonesia, namely the age range of 15-64 years, far exceeds those who are included in the nonproductive age (children and the elderly). The Demographic Bonus should be a very positive thing where Indonesia can get extraordinary benefits, making Indonesia have high competitiveness and bargaining power. But on the other hand, Indonesia is currently facing serious problems due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world. Social distancing (physical distancing) carried out to anticipate the spread and expansion of the Covid 19 pandemic has made changes in various fields, both in the economy, transportation, worship, education, government and entertainment that have a direct impact on labor. The number of job cuts that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic had a huge impact because not all of the workforce could be accommodated in the world of work, as a result it would encourage an increase in the number of unemployed in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of unemployment in Indonesia and the steps that need to be taken by the government and the Indonesian people in order to face the era of demographic bonuses in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic so that this demographic bonus does not become a wave of mass unemployment in Indonesia.

Population Aging and Prospect of China's Elderly Care and Its Related Industries

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-113
Author(s):  
Mei Liu ◽  
Qing-Ping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Government

China becomes an aging society in a pace much faster than other countries because of its one-child policy implemented since 1980. This chapter examines the current situation of population aging in China, the government policies and regulations surrounding elderly care, and the experiences of other Asian and Oceanian countries in dealing with population aging. The rapid population aging poses severe challenges for the elderly care in China, which has not established an adequate social security system, but it also provides abundant opportunities for enterprises and entrepreneurs in the aging industry from other Asian and Oceanian countries as well as China. China can learn from the experiences of industrialized Asian and Oceanian countries and regions in developing its elderly care industry.

Aged Care Services in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-143
Author(s):  
Wadad Kathy Tannous ◽  
Divya Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Filial Piety ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Geriatric Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
The Government

India is the world's largest democracy and second most populous country with nearly 1.4 billion people. With reduced birth rates and increasing lifespans, it had nearly 104 million ‘senior citizens' in 2011, expected to grow to 300 million by 2050. Providing care for the elderly in India is a growing public and private concern. Filial piety is embedded in culture and long-term care for parents and the elderly is expected from children. However, over the last five decades there have been rapid changes in socioeconomic patterns with increasing mobility for work and rise of nuclear households. Despite this, elder care is still largely underdeveloped, with lack of formal training in geriatric care and geriatric care curriculum in medical education. Australia has a highly evolved elderly care system with care services that includes retirement villages, home care, residential care, and flexible care. These are provided by subsidization from the government and private user pay system. Australia is well poised to provide aged care expertise and services and shape elderly care in India.

scholarly journals Pengangguran Di Tengah Puncak Bonus Demografi Pada Era Pandemi Covid-19

IJAcc ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Rizka Azzahra
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Government ◽  
Worship Education ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

Demographers predict that in the period 2020-2030 Indonesia will experience a demographic bonus with a peak around 2030. At that time, the number of people with productive age in Indonesia, namely the age range of 15-64 years, far exceeds those who are included in the nonproductive age (children and the elderly). The Demographic Bonus should be a very positive thing where Indonesia can get extraordinary benefits, making Indonesia have high competitiveness and bargaining power. But on the other hand, Indonesia is currently facing serious problems due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world. Social distancing (physical distancing) carried out to anticipate the spread and expansion of the Covid 19 pandemic has made changes in various fields, both in the economy, transportation, worship, education, government and entertainment that have a direct impact on labor. The number of job cuts that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic had a huge impact because not all of the workforce could be accommodated in the world of work, as a result it would encourage an increase in the number of unemployed in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of unemployment in Indonesia and the steps that need to be taken by the government and the Indonesian people in order to face the era of demographic bonuses in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic so that this demographic bonus does not become a wave of mass unemployment in Indonesia.

Staff shortages in Swedish elderly care – reflections on gender and diversity politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Linda Lill
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Care ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Care Chain ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the labor shortage is described at the national level and how these problematizations correlate to gender and diversity politics. The paper is overview of the governance of staff shortages in elderly care, how it is articulated and how the governmental scenario of solutions, which includes the channeling of unemployed migrants into elderly care. Politicians and public media describe the situation as desperate and the issue of the staff shortages in elderly care is described as a state of crisis. A highly profiled solution is to open up elderly care for unemployed migrants. Design/methodology/approach By analyzing specific management strategies for controlling a phenomenon, the paper will also be able to highlight values surrounding the phenomenon. The ambition is to understand how institutions, authorities and organizations handle practical forms of knowledge that are aimed to implement a particular policy or working method within the welfare system. Findings One important aspect of the findings is the ways in which these official political discourses link the issues of migration and the shortages of staff in elderly care. But also visualize factors in how the government bodies with the formal responsibilities and authorities express their concerns about these links and the quality of the elderly care more generally. Originality/value It is well-known that migrants are employed to take care of the growing population of elderly in Europe. In Spain and Italy, for example, immigrants are frequently employed directly by families to care for their elderly family members. This type of employment entails a series of new social risks. The most important of those risks is the global “care chain” that these arrangements incur for the sending families, who lose a family member on whom they depend. This paper is connecting the international research on the global “care chain,” but focuses on the Swedish context, where the migrants already are established and elderly care work is not linked to migration in the same way. However, the experience of migration and the importance of transnational and cultural knowledge can be influential in understanding the changing processes in Swedish elderly care, not the least as the question of staff recruitment has been linked to migration by the highest political levels.

scholarly journals Subsidy policy selection of elderly care service projects under uncertain actual demand: a real options analysis based on China’s experience

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Song ◽  
Kehan Ji ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Service Projects ◽  
Operating Subsidy ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Elderly care service projects (ECSPs) aim to provide care services with the help of market forces on the supply side to satisfy the huge demand of the elderly. Subsidies play an important role in motivating the investors to invest in the ECSPs immediately. The optimal subsidy scheme should balance the policy costs and the investors’ interests. Methods Based on the policy background of China, this study applied the real options theory to compare the effects of construction subsidy and operating subsidy on achieving policy goals from the perspective of uncertain actual demand. It introduced numerical examples to identify the optimal subsidy scheme and embedded the data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) to verify the uncertainty of actual demand. Results The results showed that in the context of uncertain actual demand, operating subsidy has greater advantages in reducing investment thresholds, saving subsidy costs and increasing spillover values. Moreover, a sound quality supervision system, a differentiated operating subsidy scheme and a sustainable growth market demand environment are conducive to increasing the long-term interests of the government and the investors. Conclusions The study emphasized the importance of subsidy selection in the context of uncertain actual demand, and provided a practical reference for policy designers in China and other developing countries to choose the optimal subsidy scheme for the ECSPs.

scholarly journals Low COVID-19 mortality in old age homes in western India: an empirical study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jallavi Panchamia ◽  
Bhavya Bhagat ◽  
Vishakha Bharati ◽  
Anushree Joshi ◽  
Dileep Mavalankar
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Home ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Western World ◽  
Western India ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Policies

AbstractObjectiveThe study intended to understand the effect of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on western Indian elderly care homes. The study aimed to know the actions taken by administration of homes and challenges faced during the lockdown period.MethodTotal 44 care homes across three states of western India were contacted for data collection during the period of September-November 2020. Structured interview of the manager or owner of the elderly care homes were taken to gather required information to achieve the study objectives.ResultsOut of 44 care homes, seven care homes reported 146 case of corona virus infection and four deaths. Hence, the reported covid cases rate found to be 928 per 10,000 residents.DiscussionResults of the study indicated that significant steps were taken by these old age care homes to stave off the infection spread among the inmates. It was observed that average 26% of the occupants were sent back to their home/relative’s home before the lockdown to decongest the care homes. Administrators adopted the new policies at care home and adhered the government guidelines. Care homes in western India seemed to have very low infection rate and very low number of deaths as compared to western world.

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