Extortion with Protection

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1474-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sabates-Wheeler ◽  
Philip Verwimp
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Welfare Loss ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Rebel Governance ◽  
The Relationship

Using a panel data set from Burundi where information on protection payments during the twelve-year civil war was collected, we test the relationship between payments, the nature of extraction by the rebels, and the welfare outcomes. We ask, “Does payment to rebels insure against future welfare loss and does the nature of payment matter? Specifically, does the level of institutionalization of extraction within the rebel governance structure provide a form of insurance for future welfare?” No less than 30 percent of the interviewees made at least one payment. Rebels extract these taxes through one of the following two routes: an “institutionalized” and regular cash-with-receipt method or an ad hoc and unpredictable labor extraction. Using matching methods, we find that payment through the institutionalized route increases household welfare between 16 and 25 percent. Ad hoc extraction has no effect. We situate our findings in the empirical literatures on contributions to mafia-type organizations and rebel governance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Investment Committee on the Financial Sector Performance of Saudi Financial Market in View of Vision 2030: A Panel Data Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Corporate Governance Structure ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Session Attendance ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
The Relationship

The investment committee is primarily a decision-making entity that aims to implement investment decisions taken by the company. In the framework of the powers conferred upon it by the board, the importance of this committee is highlighted and as such, in the present study, the primary aim is to examine the effect of investment on Saudi financial sector, an examination that is the first of its kind. The investment variable was measured by investment committee characteristic including, size, independence, meeting, commitment and allowance for session attendance. The study data was gathered from the annual reports of the financial firms spanning from 2014 to 2017. Panel data was used to conduct the hypotheses testing concerning the relationship among the variables of the investment commitment and the performance of the financial firms. Based on the findings, investment committee size and investment committee independence positively and significantly related with the performance of the firms. This study has several contributions to literature, particularly concerning information about the importance of investment committee. In addition, this study is clarified our understanding concerning best practices of corporate governance structure existing in Saudi financial listed companies.

scholarly journals Does the national innovation system spur economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa economies? Evidence from panel data

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brima Sesay ◽  
Zhao Yulin ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Relationship

The question as to whether the national innovation system (NIS) plays a significant positive role in influencing economic growth has been intensely debated by academics as well as policy analysts. The main controversy, however, is the fact that the ongoing empirical evidences on the relationship between innovation and economic growth are still mixed. The aim of this paper is to provide further evidence on the relationship between the NIS and economic growth using consistent and reliable data from a sample of emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa [BRICS]). The research has a BRICS focus and constructs NIS using historical panel data set for the main variables, that is, university enrolment rate for science and engineering students, government research and development expenditure, high-tech export and the enclosure of control variables covering the period 2000Q1–2013Q4. The study employed a dynamic panel estimation technique with a view of evaluating the relative impact of the NIS on economic growth in BRICS. The results revealed that the NIS as a whole has a positive effect on economic growth in BRICS economies. An important policy implication emerging from this study is that extra efforts are needed by emerging economies to promote the development of a NIS so as to explore the potential growth-inducing effects of a well-functioning NIS. Consequently, findings from this study have offered some persuading indicators for BRICS economies to explore the development of a NIS as a potential opportunity to speed up their economic growth.

scholarly journals Boards As Resource Providers and Monitors For Research and Development

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-204
Author(s):  
Xaunli Xie ◽  
Hugh O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Relationship

Innovation is essential for every organization. Yet the relationship betweenboards and innovation remains unclear. We argue that boards not only monitor,but also provide resources, and innovations require both proper levels of resources(skills) from the board, and appropriate forms of control. In this study, we integrateresource-dependence and agency perspectives to examine how a board’s knowledgeand skills (board diversity) and a board’s preference for behavior based controls(board composition) influence the board’s ability to provide resources and designcontrols, which in turn affect the level of research and development intensity inthe firm. Hypotheses are tested using a panel data set of firms in research intensiveindustries.

What Makes a Good Image? Airbnb Demand Analytics Leveraging Interpretable Image Features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyuan Zhang ◽  
Dokyun Lee ◽  
Param Vir Singh ◽  
Kannan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Good Image ◽  
The Relationship

We study how Airbnb property demand changed after the acquisition of verified images (taken by Airbnb’s photographers) and explore what makes a good image for an Airbnb property. Using deep learning and difference-in-difference analyses on an Airbnb panel data set spanning 7,423 properties over 16 months, we find that properties with verified images had 8.98% higher occupancy than properties without verified images (images taken by the host). To explore what constitutes a good image for an Airbnb property, we quantify 12 human-interpretable image attributes that pertain to three artistic aspects—composition, color, and the figure-ground relationship—and we find systematic differences between the verified and unverified images. We also predict the relationship between each of the 12 attributes and property demand, and we find that most of the correlations are significant and in the theorized direction. Our results provide actionable insights for both Airbnb photographers and amateur host photographers who wish to optimize their images. Our findings contribute to and bridge the literature on photography and marketing (e.g., staging), which often either ignores the demand side (photography) or does not systematically characterize the images (marketing). This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.

Union De-Recognition and Declining Union Density in Britain

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip B. Beaumont ◽  
Richard I. D. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Union Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
The Relationship

In Britain, where there are no representation elections and management's recognition of unions is entirely voluntary, a substantial decline in union density since 1979 has been in part attributed to increased instances of union de-recognition by management. This study examines the relationship between union density and union de-recognition at the individual establishment level through an analysis of the panel data set contained in the 1990 national Workplace Industrial Relations Survey. The results indicate that between 1984 and 1990, union recognition was lost in less than 10% of establishments in the sample; changes in union status were closely related to changes in union density; and changes in union density, in turn, resulted from extrinsic and organizational changes, such as increased competition and changes in company size.

scholarly journals Equity incentives, earnings management and corporate governance: Empirical evidence using UK panel data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Shabeeb Ali ◽  
Hazem Ramadan Ismael ◽  
Ahmed H. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Using a UK panel data set drawn from 1675 Chief Executive Officer (CEO) year observations and 1540 Chief Financial Officer (CFO) year observations, we examine the relationship between CEO and CFO equity incentives and earnings management. In addition, we examine the moderation effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between executives’ equity incentives and earnings management. We use multivariate regression models to test our hypotheses. We find that CEO equity incentives are related to higher absolute and income increasing earnings management. These results support the managerial power theory argument that CEOs exploit equity-linked compensation to obtain more personal benefits without causing public anger. Contrary to CEO equity incentives, we could not find any significant relationship between CFO equity incentives and any of the earnings management proxies. In addition, we find that corporate governance quality (measured by individual mechanisms and overall index) has no effect on the relationship between executives’ equity incentives and earnings management. This result indicates that whereas some corporate governance mechanisms can reduce earnings management in general, they do not affect wealth driven incentives to manipulate accruals. In total, results question the effectiveness of the corporate governance system in mitigating opportunistic behavior motivated by executives’ compensation structures

Revisiting the relationship between knowledge search breadth and firm innovation

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Nanfeng Luo ◽  
Steven S. Lui ◽  
Youngok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Innovation Surveys ◽  
Knowledge Search ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that the high learning ability associated with innovative firms enables these firms to conduct a broad knowledge search based on a knowledge transfer perspective. This paper further shows that knowledge tacitness and relationship between knowledge senders and receivers will accentuate this positive relationship. Design/methodology/approach To test the proposed model, a pooled panel data set based on 102 Korean firms that participated in three waves of National Korean Innovation Surveys conducted in 2002, 2005, and 2008 is constructed. Since the independent variables are lagged in the analysis, the panel data comprised 204 firm-year observations of the 102 firms. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effect of innovation on knowledge search breadth. Findings The authors found that absorptive capacity mediated the relationship between innovation and knowledge search breadth. This mediating relationship was stronger when a firm is not affiliated with any business group and operates in the high-technology industry. Research limitations/implications This paper showed that innovation is not only a consequence of knowledge search as found in existing literature, but also is a precursor to knowledge search. Originality/value This paper developed a novel theoretical model on innovation and knowledge search that highlights a virtuous cycle between innovation and knowledge search. Methodologically, the pooled panel data controlled for lagged effect and enhanced efficiency of econometric models, thus offered several advantages over cross-sectional data.

Privatization and Democracy

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Biglaiser ◽  
Michelle A. Danis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Developing Democracies ◽  
Correct Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

What is the effect of regime type on privatization of state-owned enterprises? The authors investigate the relationship between regime type and privatization through a panel data set for 76 developing countries from 1987 to 1994. The results show that, contrary to most studies that claim that authoritarian regimes are better able to ignore societal interests opposed to economic measures that impose austerity, democracies privatize more than authoritarian regimes. Moreover, challenging conventional interpretations that claim that economic difficulties contribute to state sell-offs, the authors find that privatization is most likely in wealthier developing democracies whose budgets operate with current account surpluses. Hence authoritarian regimes provide neither the right nor the correct model for countries wishing to pursue unpopular economic policies.

THE EFFECT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH ON INCOME INEQUALITY:PANEL DATA ANALYSIS FROM FIFTY COUNTRIES

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alamanda Alamanda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
High Income ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between economic growth and income inequality is one of the controversial issues in macroeconomics. Many studies have been done to show the relationship between economic growth and income inequality. However, the research about this problem by using panel data is still minimum. Also, there is still no research that differentiates the effect between lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income countries. This paper examines the effect of economic growth on income inequality by analysing a panel data set of fifty countries from 2000 to 2018. Using the Pooled OLS, Fixed Effect, and Random Effect Model, this paper finds that economic growth has a positive significant impact on income inequality, which means the higher the economic growth, the bigger the gap between the rich and the poor. The empirical evidence suggests that a one-point increase in GDP growth will increase the Gini Index by 0.082 to 0.085 points on average. Moreover, the paper finds that the effect of economic growth on increasing the incidence of income inequality seems to be higher in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries than in high-income countries.

scholarly journals A Panel Data Analysis of Relationship between Migration and Inequality

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
Raju John
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the relationship between migration and inequality in India is analyzed on the basis of an understanding of the role of migration in creating inequalities in the economy and society of the state of Kerala. The Centre for Development Studies (CDS), Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala, conducts periodic Kerala Migration Surveys (KMSs) to monitor the current status of emigration from and return emigration to the state of Kerala. This data set is used to discover the dynamics of migration–inequality relationship in the state. The results of the study suggest that migration causes inequalities in mobility between migrant and non-migrant households and between different types of migrant households.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document