Union De-Recognition and Declining Union Density in Britain

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip B. Beaumont ◽  
Richard I. D. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Union Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
The Relationship

In Britain, where there are no representation elections and management's recognition of unions is entirely voluntary, a substantial decline in union density since 1979 has been in part attributed to increased instances of union de-recognition by management. This study examines the relationship between union density and union de-recognition at the individual establishment level through an analysis of the panel data set contained in the 1990 national Workplace Industrial Relations Survey. The results indicate that between 1984 and 1990, union recognition was lost in less than 10% of establishments in the sample; changes in union status were closely related to changes in union density; and changes in union density, in turn, resulted from extrinsic and organizational changes, such as increased competition and changes in company size.

scholarly journals Health Care Professionalism Without Doctors

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Østergaard Møller
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Relational Theory ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample

The article uses the organization of health houses in Denmark as a case to study the relationship between spatial surroundings and professionalization. The question is whether these new local health houses comprise an alternative to the medical view on health or ––even in the absence of the hospital–– script the professionals to identify themselves as agents from the medical field? In this article, macro-structural theory is combined with micro-relational theory in order to identify how macro structures such as professionalization nest the way social interaction takes place in concrete spatial situations and surroundings. The argument put forward is that we need to identity this process at the level of the individual in order to qualify and anchor our understanding of professionalization as a macro phenomenon. The empirical basis is two dissimilar locations (health houses), selected from a larger qualitative data set of interviews with health professionals and citizens and observations of health houses, originally selected from a nationwide survey. The presented analysis zooms in on selected places and situations and relates analyses to the overall picture of differences and similarities identified in the larger sample. The analysis shows how entrances, receptions, information screens and coffee tables not only design houses, but also script styles of interaction between health professionals and citizens as well as they work as signs creating expectations about professional roles and how to reflect and act as a professional in a given physical and social setting. The main finding is that spatial surroundings facilitate processes of identification and counter-identification crucial to a new kind of health professionals such as the ones under study here.

scholarly journals Does the national innovation system spur economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa economies? Evidence from panel data

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brima Sesay ◽  
Zhao Yulin ◽  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Relationship

The question as to whether the national innovation system (NIS) plays a significant positive role in influencing economic growth has been intensely debated by academics as well as policy analysts. The main controversy, however, is the fact that the ongoing empirical evidences on the relationship between innovation and economic growth are still mixed. The aim of this paper is to provide further evidence on the relationship between the NIS and economic growth using consistent and reliable data from a sample of emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa [BRICS]). The research has a BRICS focus and constructs NIS using historical panel data set for the main variables, that is, university enrolment rate for science and engineering students, government research and development expenditure, high-tech export and the enclosure of control variables covering the period 2000Q1–2013Q4. The study employed a dynamic panel estimation technique with a view of evaluating the relative impact of the NIS on economic growth in BRICS. The results revealed that the NIS as a whole has a positive effect on economic growth in BRICS economies. An important policy implication emerging from this study is that extra efforts are needed by emerging economies to promote the development of a NIS so as to explore the potential growth-inducing effects of a well-functioning NIS. Consequently, findings from this study have offered some persuading indicators for BRICS economies to explore the development of a NIS as a potential opportunity to speed up their economic growth.

Does job position moderate the relationship between gender and ethics?: a cross-cultural analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Job Position

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between gender and ethics, the interaction of job position and gender on ethics, and the three-way interacting effects of cultural values, job position, and gender on ethics. Design/methodology/approach – The individual-level data were from the 2005-2008 wave of World Values Survey data set and the cultural values were from the GLOBE study. The research contained 26,639 subjects from 30 nations and used HLM to conduct data analysis. Findings – Results showed that men are more likely than women to justify ethically suspect behaviors. In addition, under high in-group collectivism, the ethical difference between genders tends to decrease at high job positions and under high performance orientation, the ethical difference between genders tends to increase at high job positions. Research limitations/implications – This research depends on secondary data; it is therefore impossible for the author to control the data collection process, which could be an issue for discussion. In addition, because of limited available studies to refer to, the formation of the individual-level moderator, job position, might cause some attention. Practical implications – Corporate education and training in regards to ethical issues becomes even more vital, especially for men, since the statistical results showed that men are more likely than women to be deviant. Meanwhile, organizations can help themselves by recruiting a greater number of females, as this study shows that females are seen to make more ethically sound decisions than males. Furthermore, under the contexts of high in-group collectivism and low performance orientation, both genders in higher job positions tend to be more unethical than people in lower positions. Since people in higher positions have the right and the power to set the ethical tone for the organization (Clinard, 1983; Posner and Schmidt, 1992), it becomes particularly essential for firms to pay close attention to ethical issues in higher job positions. Originality/value – The study proved that the relationship between gender and ethics is more complicated than expected; job position, and cultural values can jointly influence the individual-level relationship. In addition, since human behavior is complicated, employing multilevel method to investigate humane behaviors in the field of management becomes necessary in the future.

scholarly journals COVID-19 hospital activity and in-hospital mortality during the first and second waves of the pandemic in England: an observational study

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-218025
Author(s):  
William K Gray ◽  
Annakan V Navaratnam ◽  
Jamie Day ◽  
Julia Wendon ◽  
Tim W R Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Black African ◽  
Substantial Decline ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second Wave

IntroductionWe aimed to examine the profile of, and outcomes for, all people hospitalised with COVID-19 across the first and second waves of the pandemic in England.MethodsThis was an exploratory retrospective analysis of observational data from the Hospital Episode Statistics data set for England. All patients aged ≥18 years in England with a diagnosis of COVID-19 who had a hospital stay that was completed between 1 March 2020 and 31 March 2021 were included. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome of interest. The second wave was identified as starting on 1 September 2020. Multilevel logistic regression modelling was used to investigate the relationship between mortality and demographic, comorbidity and temporal covariates.ResultsOver the 13 months, 374 244 unique patients had a diagnosis of COVID-19 during a hospital stay, of whom 93 701 (25%) died in hospital. Adjusted mortality rates fell from 40%–50% in March 2020 to 11% in August 2020 before rising to 21% in January 2021 and declining steadily to March 2021. Improvements in mortality rates were less apparent in older and comorbid patients. Although mortality rates fell for all ethnic groups from the first to the second wave, declines were less pronounced for Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, other Asian and black African ethnic groups.ConclusionsThere was a substantial decline in adjusted mortality rates during the early part of the first wave which was largely maintained during the second wave. The underlying reasons for consistently higher mortality risk in some ethnic groups merits further study.

scholarly journals Boards As Resource Providers and Monitors For Research and Development

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-204
Author(s):  
Xaunli Xie ◽  
Hugh O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
The Relationship

Innovation is essential for every organization. Yet the relationship betweenboards and innovation remains unclear. We argue that boards not only monitor,but also provide resources, and innovations require both proper levels of resources(skills) from the board, and appropriate forms of control. In this study, we integrateresource-dependence and agency perspectives to examine how a board’s knowledgeand skills (board diversity) and a board’s preference for behavior based controls(board composition) influence the board’s ability to provide resources and designcontrols, which in turn affect the level of research and development intensity inthe firm. Hypotheses are tested using a panel data set of firms in research intensiveindustries.

What Makes a Good Image? Airbnb Demand Analytics Leveraging Interpretable Image Features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyuan Zhang ◽  
Dokyun Lee ◽  
Param Vir Singh ◽  
Kannan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Good Image ◽  
The Relationship

We study how Airbnb property demand changed after the acquisition of verified images (taken by Airbnb’s photographers) and explore what makes a good image for an Airbnb property. Using deep learning and difference-in-difference analyses on an Airbnb panel data set spanning 7,423 properties over 16 months, we find that properties with verified images had 8.98% higher occupancy than properties without verified images (images taken by the host). To explore what constitutes a good image for an Airbnb property, we quantify 12 human-interpretable image attributes that pertain to three artistic aspects—composition, color, and the figure-ground relationship—and we find systematic differences between the verified and unverified images. We also predict the relationship between each of the 12 attributes and property demand, and we find that most of the correlations are significant and in the theorized direction. Our results provide actionable insights for both Airbnb photographers and amateur host photographers who wish to optimize their images. Our findings contribute to and bridge the literature on photography and marketing (e.g., staging), which often either ignores the demand side (photography) or does not systematically characterize the images (marketing). This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.

Union Amalgamations and the Decline in Union Density

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wooden
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
Marked Decline

Confronted by a marked decline in trade union density, the union movement in Australia bas responded by promoting the restructuring and amolgamation of trade unions. As a result, the number of active trade unions in Australia has fallen markedly since 1990. Despite tbis, the decline in trade union density accelerated during the 1990s, leading some analysts to suggest that the union amalgamation process may actually have been counterproductive in terms of overall trade union membership. This article tests this hypothesis using panel data collected as part of the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey. A regression model of changes in union density in the period 1989/90 to 1995 is developed and estimated. The results indicate that while declining union numbers have been associated with the decline in union density, none of the blame for the fall can be traced to the amalgamation process.

scholarly journals Equity incentives, earnings management and corporate governance: Empirical evidence using UK panel data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Shabeeb Ali ◽  
Hazem Ramadan Ismael ◽  
Ahmed H. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Equity Incentives ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Using a UK panel data set drawn from 1675 Chief Executive Officer (CEO) year observations and 1540 Chief Financial Officer (CFO) year observations, we examine the relationship between CEO and CFO equity incentives and earnings management. In addition, we examine the moderation effect of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between executives’ equity incentives and earnings management. We use multivariate regression models to test our hypotheses. We find that CEO equity incentives are related to higher absolute and income increasing earnings management. These results support the managerial power theory argument that CEOs exploit equity-linked compensation to obtain more personal benefits without causing public anger. Contrary to CEO equity incentives, we could not find any significant relationship between CFO equity incentives and any of the earnings management proxies. In addition, we find that corporate governance quality (measured by individual mechanisms and overall index) has no effect on the relationship between executives’ equity incentives and earnings management. This result indicates that whereas some corporate governance mechanisms can reduce earnings management in general, they do not affect wealth driven incentives to manipulate accruals. In total, results question the effectiveness of the corporate governance system in mitigating opportunistic behavior motivated by executives’ compensation structures

scholarly journals Precariousness, youth and political participation: the emergence of a new political cleavage

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Lara Monticelli ◽  
Matteo Bassoli
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article aims at disentangling the existing relation between job precariousness and political participation at the individual level illustrating that the former can be considered an emerging political cleavage. The authors apply an interpretive framework typical of political participation studies to an original data set composed of two groups of young workers (with precarious and open-ended contracts) in a big Italian post-industrial city, Turin. First, applying a confirmatory factor analysis, a typology of three ‘modes’ of political participation – voting, collective action, and political consumerism – is used to reduce data complexity. Second, logistic regressions are deployed to analyze the role played by occupational status, political positioning, and the interaction between the two, on the different modes of political participation. Precarious youth show a higher level of political participation in representational behaviours (voting). Left-wing youth are generally more active than non-left-wing ones in non-representational behaviours (collective actions and consumerism), the impact is more pronounced for precarious young people. Thus, results demonstrate the relevance of occupational status in explaining patterns of participation and invite scholars to promote a dialogue between industrial relations and political participation studies.

scholarly journals Eficiencia técnica en pesquerias multiespecie: Una aproximación primal

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Luis Orea Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Álvarez Pinilla
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aggregate Production ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Aggregate Production Function ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Time Invariant ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The objective of this paper is to study, following a primal approach, the technical efficiency of a sample of boats which catch hake in Asturias. In this activity the catches of species different from hake are important. The multiproduct nature of this activity raises different modelling alternatives. In this paper we compare the results obtained in the estimation of an aggregate production function, a multiproduct production function, and a distance function. The three models are estimated using the within-groups estimator. After eliminating the influence of time invariant variables, the efficiency indexes are calculated in a second stage using the individual fixed effects. The empirical analysis uses a panel data set of eleven boats in 1999.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document