scholarly journals Collective Psychological Ownership and Territorial Compensation in Australia and South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 002202212110510
Author(s):  
Wybren Nooitgedagt ◽  
Borja Martinović ◽  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Sibusiso Maseko
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South African ◽  
White Majority ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
First Arrival

Collective psychological ownership as a sense that a territory belongs to a group might explain attitudes of the White majority toward territorial compensation for Indigenous Peoples in settler societies. Ownership can be inferred from different general principles and we considered three key principles: autochthony (entitlements from first arrival), investment (entitlements from working the land), and formation (primacy of the territory in forming the collective identity). In two studies, among White Australians (Study 1, N = 475), and White South Africans (Study 2, N = 879), we investigated how support for these general principles was related to perceived ingroup (Anglo-Celtic/White South African) and outgroup (Indigenous Australian/Black South African) territorial ownership, and indirectly, to attitudes toward territorial compensation for the Indigenous outgroup. Endorsement of autochthony was related to stronger support for territorial compensation through higher perceived outgroup ownership, whereas investment was related to lower support through higher perceived ingroup ownership. Agreement with the formation principle was related to stronger support for compensation through higher outgroup ownership, and simultaneously to lower support through higher ingroup ownership.

scholarly journals The skewed social image of white South Africans in Nadine Gordimer’s The Conservationist

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 03031
Author(s):  
Xiangting Chen
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
White Identity ◽  
African Society ◽  
White People ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
South African Society ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South African ◽  
The Social

-In this article he examines the social identity crisis of White South Africans in Nadine Gordimer’s “The Conservationist”. Gordimer describes the psychology, social deformities and human distortions of the repressed white people in post-colonial South Africa. At that time, white South Africans were tortured by colonial guilt and racial contradictions. While recognizing the culture of their European ancestors, they wanted to integrate into the black South African society. This paper analyzes the decline of South African white identity and the phenomenon of white exodus from the perspective of the protagonist’s thoughts and behaviors, and combines the political and social problems during those days.

scholarly journals Reparation Demands and Collective Guilt Assignment of Black South Africans

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Kitty B. Dumont ◽  
Sven Waldzus
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Function ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Psychological Perspective

The present research studied reparation demands of born-free Black South African adolescents as members of a former victimized group from a social psychological perspective. Two cross-sectional studies tested whether identification indirectly predicts reparation demands via assignment of collective guilt to White South Africans; and whether this indirect relation is moderated by cross-group friendship. The results support both hypotheses and show a stronger link between identification with the victimized group and collective guilt assignment in a segregated rather than a desegregated context (Study 1: N = 222) and for participants reporting lower levels of cross-group friendship (Study 2: N = 145). Reparation demands are important for strongly identified members of a victimized group in a postconflict situation. Their mediation by collective guilt assignment, mitigated by cross-group friendship, indicates that one major function is to insure recognition of the victims’ past suffering and to repair the relationship rather than ostracizing the transgressor group or gaining access to resources.

scholarly journals Autochthony Belief and Making Amends to Indigenous Peoples: The Role of Collective Moral Emotions

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Wybren Nooitgedagt ◽  
Borja Martinović ◽  
Maykel Verkuyten ◽  
Jolanda Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Topic Avoidance ◽  
Important Principle ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
First Arrival

AbstractIntergroup relations in settler societies have been defined by historical conflict over territorial ownership between indigenous peoples and settler majorities. However, the indigenous groups were there first, and first arrival is an important principle for assigning ownership to a group. In two studies among Australians of Anglo-Celtic origin (N = 322 and N = 475), we argued and found that the general belief in entitlements for first comers (i.e. autochthony) is related to more support for reparations in terms of apology and instrumental compensation for Aborigines, as well as to less topic avoidance. We further proposed that the group-based emotions of collective guilt, moral shame and image shame account for these associations. We found that majority members who endorsed autochthony belief experienced more guilt (Study 1 and 2), moral shame (Study2) and image shame (Study 2). In turn, guilt and moral shame were related to more support for reparations and less topic avoidance, whereas image shame was related to more topic avoidance, thereby partially suppressing the negative association between autochthony belief and topic avoidance. Our research points at the importance of considering autochthony belief and different types of moral emotions in research on past transgressions and current attempts to restore social justice for indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals A missiological glance at South African Black theology

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalemba Mwambazambi
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Black Theology ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
African Black ◽  
African American Theology

Black South African theologians created South African Black theology during the late 1960s and early 1970s as a conscious and theological dimension of the liberation struggle against apartheid. They drew inspiration from African-American theology, biblical hermeneutics and the raw material of their own experiences and suffering, whilst simultaneously creating a new theological paradigm and political orientation to liberate Black South Africans from apartheid and European domination. Inevitably, South African Black theology was a liberation theology aimed at helping to eradicate the existing socio-political order. This article gave a missiological overview of Black theology and examined and assessed the relevance of this theology to contemporary post-apartheid South Africa. The critical-theological research method was used.

scholarly journals Associations Between CYP17A1 and SERPINA6/A1 Polymorphisms, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Black South Africans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphiwe N. Dlamini ◽  
Ananyo Choudhury ◽  
Michèle Ramsay ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
South African ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South African ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Research in European and Asian populations has reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP17A1 and SERPINA6/A1 and circulating glucocorticoid concentrations, and some key cardiometabolic risk factors. This study aimed to investigate these associations in black South African adults, who are disproportionally affected by the metabolic syndrome and its related cardiometabolic risk factors. The dataset included black South African adults (n = 4,431; 56.7% women) from the AWI-Gen study, genotyped on the H3A genotyping array and imputed using the African reference panel at the Sanger imputation service. From the imputed data, 31 CYP17A1 SNPs and 550 SERPINA6/A1 SNPs were extracted. The metabolic syndrome and its components were defined using the 2009 harmonized guidelines. Serum glucocorticoid concentrations were measured in a subset of 304 men and 573 women, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Genetic associations were detected using PLINK. Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple testing. A SNP at SERPINA6/A1, rs17090691 (effect allele G), was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (BP) in all adults combined (p = 9.47 × 10−6). Sex-stratified analyses demonstrated an association between rs1051052 (effect allele G), another SERPINA6/A1 SNP, and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations in women (p = 1.23 × 10−5). No association was observed between these variants and glucocorticoids or between any of the CYP17A1 SNPs and metabolic outcomes after adjusting for multiple testing. Furthermore, there were no associations between any of the SNPs tested and the metabolic syndrome. This study reports novel genetic associations between two SNPs at SERPINA6/A1 and key cardiometabolic risk factors in black South Africans. Future replication and functional studies in larger populations are required to confirm the role of the identified SNPs in the metabolic syndrome and assess if these associations are mediated by circulating glucocorticoids.

Calling in to Cut back: Settlers learning to listen for a decolonial future

Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682110629
Author(s):  
Emily Beausoleil
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Settler Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Listening Strategies ◽  
Learning To Listen ◽  
Specific Identity

Clearing the gorse, a particularly aggressive invasive plant, so that native plants can flourish has been used as a potent metaphor for decolonization ( Came, 2014 ), and described as labour appropriate for settlers to perform in the interest of just relations with Indigenous peoples. Yet, this labour is not simply one of negation, for it involves learning to bring one’s group difference alongside that of others rather than continuing to mistake that difference for the unmarked context of Indigenous-settler relations. Clearing the gorse is thus also connected to the labour of “gathering at the gate”: the requirement according to Māori protocols of encounter that visitors develop a sense of collective identity and purpose before any meeting can take place. Settler societies, as a rule, operate without a collective sense of the specific identity and history of being a settler people. How would these two forms of labour appropriate for tauiwi Pākehā to perform be connected, and how would performing them together serve broader projects of decolonization and honouring settler commitments in Te Tiriti o Waitangi? I reflect upon this question in light of insights from Tauiwi Tautoko, a recent nationwide anti-racism programme wherein tauiwi (non-Māori settlers) addressed anti-Māori racism online. Core to the programme’s novel anti-racism approach were listening strategies that both invited and modelled acknowledgment of the particular ground from which tauiwi Pākehā see and speak. These strategies have proven effective in creating openings and shifts regarding racist views in otherwise adversarial and toxic spaces. They offer innovative practical resources for the work settlers can and must do with our own people, if we are to contribute to a decolonial future.

scholarly journals A retrospective analysis of heterophoria values in a clinical population aged 18 to 30 years

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Makgaba
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Present Information ◽  
African Patients ◽  
Distance Vision

Information on heterophoria values in South Africans is scanty. The purpose of this paper therefore, is to present information on the distribution of heterophoria in a clinical population aged 18 to 30 years, which hitherto is not available. The data presented here was obtained from the record cards of 475 black South African patients examined at the Optometry clinic, University of Limpopo (Turfloop campus) between 2000 and 2005. The patients were examined by final year students under the supervision of qualified optometrists. Heterophoria was measured for each patient using the von Graefe method. The horizontal heterophoria for distance vision (6 m) ranged from 16 prism diopters (pd) esophoria to 12 pd exophoria with a mean of 0.74 pd exophoria (SD = ± 2.84 pd). For distance vision, esophoria ranged from 0.5 to 16 pd with a mean of 3.08 pd (SD = ± 3.09), while exophoria ranged from 0.5 pd to 12 pd with a mean of 2.21 pd (SD = 1.82 pd). For near vision (0.4 m), the horizontal phorias ranged from 17 pd esophoria to 15 pd exopho-ria with a mean of 3.84 pd exophoria (SD = ± 4.80 pd). The near esophorias ranged from 0.5 to 17 pd with a mean 4.88 pd (SD = ± 3.41), while the exophorias ranged from 1.0 to 15 pd with a mean of 6.30 pd (SD = ± 2.58). Vertical heterophoria for distance vision ranged from 5 to 3 pd right hyperphoria with a mean of 0.05 pd right hyperphoria (SD = ± 0.76) whereas at near it ranged from 4 to 6 pd right hyperphoria

scholarly journals A retrospective analysis of heterophoria values in a clinical population aged 18 to 30 years

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.T. Makgaba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Present Information ◽  
African Patients ◽  
Distance Vision

Information on heterophoria values in South Africans  is  scanty. The  purpose  of  this  paper therefore, is to present information on the distribution of heterophoria in a clinical popula-tion aged 18 to 30 years, which hitherto is not available. The data presented here was obtained from  the  record  cards  of  475  black  South African  patients  examined  at  the  Optometry clinic, University of Limpopo (Turfloop cam-pus) between 2000 and 2005. The patients were examined by final year students under the supervision  of  qualified  optometrists.  Heterophoria was  measured  for  each  patient  using  the  von Graefe  method.  The  horizontal  heterophoria for distance vision (6 m) ranged from 16 prism diopters (pd) esophoria to 12 pd exophoria with a mean of 0.74 pd exophoria (SD = ± 2.84 pd). For  distance  vision,  esophoria  ranged  from 0.5 to 16 pd with a mean of 3.08 pd (SD = ± 3.09), while exophoria ranged from 0.5 pd to 12 pd with a mean of 2.21 pd (SD = 1.82 pd). For near vision (0.4 m), the horizontal phorias ranged from 17 pd esophoria to 15 pd exopho-ria with a mean of 3.84 pd exophoria (SD = ± 4.80 pd). The near esophorias ranged from 0.5 to 17 pd with a mean 4.88 pd (SD = ± 3.41), while the exophorias ranged from 1.0 to 15 pd with a mean of 6.30 pd (SD = ± 2.58). Vertical heterophoria for distance vision ranged from 5 to 3 pd right hyperphoria with a mean of 0.05 pd right hyperphoria (SD = ± 0.76) whereas at near it ranged from 4 to 6 pd right hyperphoria with a mean of 0.08 pd right hypophoria (SD =  ±  0.96).  The  distributions  of  heterophoria at distance and near were non-normal.  There was  no  significant  gender  variation  in  the horizontal  values  for  distance  vision  and  the vertical  (distance  and  near)  ones.  However, there was a statistically significant gender varia-tion  in  the  near  horizontal  values  (p  >  0.05). There  was  no  significant  variation  in  heterophoria  values  with  age.    The  data  presented here will be useful for comparison with simi-lar data from South Africa or other countries.

scholarly journals #MisconstruedIdentitiesMustFall collective: Identity formation in the current South African context: A practical theological perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred R. Brunsdon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
South African ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Theological Perspective ◽  
African Context ◽  
Practical Theological

In South Africa, 2015 was violently ushered out by several ‘must fall’ campaigns, of which the most prominent were the ‘fees’ and ‘Zuma must fall’ campaigns. These ‘must fall’ campaigns conveyed a new sense of urgency by the disgruntled masses towards certain institutions and individuals. Aligning with the ‘must fall’ analogy, the focus of this article is on combatting the notion of misconstrued identities in post-apartheid South Africa. Based on negative generalisation and perceptions of the ‘others’, misconstrued identities prohibit the formation of a collective identity that allows for peaceful co-existence. Consequently, the dynamics of collective identity formation and some of the possibilities for identity formation that reside within the Christian faith are investigated from a practical theological perspective. Given that a practical theological investigation takes both the context and theological reflection as points of departure, it is argued that it can contribute towards the dismantling of misconstrued identities to provide clues for the formation of a positive collective identity for South Africans.

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