scholarly journals Cigarette, E-cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use by Cancer Diagnosis Status: A Longitudinal Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117822182098047
Author(s):  
Sunday Azagba ◽  
Lingpeng Shan ◽  
Lauren Manzione
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Cancer History

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Lifestyle choices such as substance abuse can impact a survivor’s health and overall quality of life. Methods: We used longitudinal data from the Wave 1-3 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health data to examine sociodemographic characteristics and substance use behaviors (current cigarette, e-cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use) by cancer diagnosis status. A generalized estimating equation model was used to examine the population-averaged effects of sociodemographic factors on substance use. Results: Among 1527 participants diagnosed with cancer, 14.5% used cigarettes, 3.8% used e-cigarettes, 49.1% used alcohol, and 4.2% used marijuana in the prior 30 days in Wave 1. While the prevalence of cigarette use among those with no cancer history decreased significantly between Wave 1 (21.9%) and Wave 3 (20.2%), it increased significantly among participants diagnosed with cancer from 14.5% to 16.0%. E-cigarette use decreased for both groups, whereas alcohol and marijuana use increased. Results showed that substance use among people diagnosed with cancer significantly varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, income, and region of residence were significantly associated with substance use among patients diagnosed with cancer. Conclusion: Overall, substance use is lower among participants diagnosed with cancer than those with no cancer history. Substance use varies by sociodemographic characteristics among people diagnosed with cancer. More focus on substance use prevention among patients diagnosed with cancer could be beneficial in terms of improving the overall well-being of this population.

High-School Students Rarely Use E-Cigarettes Alone: A Sociodemographic Analysis of Polysubstance Use Among Adolescents in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Gilbert ◽  
Christine M Kava ◽  
Rima Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High School Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
And Bisexual

Abstract Introduction Most adolescents reporting e-cigarette use have also used combustible tobacco; however, the extent to which they use other substances is less clear. This study assessed e-cigarette use with tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis and quantified the risk of polysubstance use among adolescents overall and by sociodemographic characteristics. Aims and Methods Using 2017 Youth Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from adolescents (grades 9–12) with complete substance use information (n = 11 244), we examined e-cigarette poly-use status (none [referent], e-cigarettes only, or e-cigarettes + other substances). We estimated the prevalence of substance use and modeled odds of e-cigarette use, alone or with other substances, by several sociodemographic characteristics. Analyses were completed in Stata version 15.1 using survey procedures to account for the complex survey design. Results Approximately 12% of adolescents reported past 30-day e-cigarette use. Almost all (93%) e-cigarette users also reported other substance use; alcohol appeared most frequently in combinations. Odds of e-cigarette single use and e-cigarette poly-use (vs. no use) were higher for males and adolescents with lower grades (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.44–2.31). Racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds of e-cigarette poly-use than White peers (ORs = 0.18–0.61), and bisexual (vs. straight) adolescents were more likely to be e-cigarette poly-users (OR = 1.62). E-cigarette use increased from 9th grade (7%) to 12th grade (16%). Conclusions Polysubstance use is highly prevalent among adolescents who use e-cigarettes. Therefore, e-cigarette screening should include the assessment of other substances, especially alcohol. Early and comprehensive prevention efforts to reduce e-cigarette and other substance use could have a substantial beneficial impact on population health over time. Implications This study extends knowledge about e-cigarette use among adolescents by exploring its use with alcohol, cannabis, and other tobacco products. We found that e-cigarettes were very rarely used alone, and our analysis identified several sociodemographic factors associated with greater odds of e-cigarette polysubstance use. In response, we recommend that prevention interventions address multiple substances concurrently, screen repeatedly to detect new initiation as age increases, focus on e-cigarette use as a less stigmatized entry point to discussions of substance use, and target priority population subgroups.

Exploring Stakeholder and Parent Perspectives of a County Response to Adolescent Vaping and E-Cigarette Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262199349
Author(s):  
Natasha Kurji ◽  
Thomas Koza ◽  
Amanda Sharp ◽  
Kathleen Moore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
School Age ◽  
Parent Perspectives ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Hillsborough County

In the United States, regular cigarette use has steadily declined over the years; however, it has been met with an increase in vaping and e-cigarette use. In Tampa, Florida, this trend has been found especially prevalent among school-aged youth. To combat issues of substance use among youth and prevent criminalization for nonviolent crimes, school-age youth cited for use and possession of tobacco products in Hillsborough County were mandated to attend the Youth Tobacco Awareness Course (YTAC). The aim of this study was to investigate YTAC for its perceived effectiveness and usefulness in mitigating adolescent e-cigarette use. Classroom observations, parent focus groups, and program stakeholder interviews were conducted to comprehensively evaluate this program. Findings from this evaluation led to a deeper understanding of the barriers and facilitators to an effective course, the needs and perceptions of program stakeholders, as well as recommendations for improved future interventions.

scholarly journals Community-Engaged Research (CER) as the Avenue to Promoting Well-being and Recovery in Drug Court

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Robert Gallagher ◽  
Anne Nordberg ◽  
Raychel Minasian ◽  
Sydney Szymanowski ◽  
Jesse Carlton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Courts ◽  
Recidivism Rate ◽  
Criminal Recidivism ◽  
Community Engaged Research

Drug courts are an alternative to incarceration for individuals who have substance use disorders and have been arrested for drug-related crimes (e.g. possession of a controlled substance). The first drug court began in 1989 in Florida and it is estimated that there are over 3,000 drug courts now operating throughout the United States.  This community-engaged research (CER) evaluated the St. Joseph County (Indiana) drug court by identifying who was most likely to graduate, who was most likely to recidivate, and whether drug court or probation was more effective at reducing criminal recidivism.  Furthermore, although drug courts are found in many communities, research rarely describes the process used to develop and implement CER.  Therefore, this article also highlights the collaborative process used in this drug court evaluation.   The findings from this study suggest that the St. Joseph County (Indiana) drug court is an effective program at reducing criminal recidivism and a valuable resource for individuals who have substance use disorders, the community, and other stakeholders. Drug court participants were less likely to recidivate than probationers, and a lower recidivism rate clearly equates to many benefits to the community.  The article concludes with community-based implications, such as starting recovery support groups that are welcoming to individuals who receive medication-assisted treatment (MAT), marketing drug court to racial and ethnic minorities to increase their representation in drug court, and disseminating research findings throughout the community via local news stories and public lectures.

scholarly journals Substance Use Prevention Programs for Indigenous Adolescents in the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke Snijder ◽  
Lexine Stapinski ◽  
Briana Lees ◽  
Nicola Newton ◽  
Katrina Champion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents

BACKGROUND Indigenous adolescents are at a higher risk of experiencing harms related to substance use compared with their non-Indigenous counterparts as a consequence of earlier onset and higher rates of substance use. Early onset of substance use has been identified as a risk factor for future substance use problems and other health, social, and family outcomes. Therefore, prevention of substance use among adolescents has been identified as a key area to improve health of Indigenous Peoples. Evidence exists for the effectiveness of prevention approaches for adolescents in mainstream populations and, most recently, for the use of computer- and Internet-delivered interventions to overcome barriers to implementation. However, there is currently no conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of these approaches for Indigenous adolescents. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to synthesize the international evidence regarding the effectiveness of substance use prevention programs for Indigenous adolescents in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. METHODS A total of 8 peer-reviewed databases and 20 gray literature databases will be searched, using search terms in line with the aims of this review and based on previous relevant reviews of substance use prevention. Studies will be included if they evaluate a substance use prevention program with Indigenous adolescents (aged 10 to 19 years) as the primary participant group and are published between January 1, 1990 and August 31, 2017. RESULTS A narrative synthesis will be provided about the effectiveness of the programs, the type of program (whether culture-based, adapted, or unadapted), delivery of the program (computer- and Internet-delivered or traditional), and the setting in which the programs are delivered (community, school, family, clinical, or a combination). CONCLUSIONS The study will identify core elements of effective substance use prevention programs among Indigenous adolescents and appraise the methodological quality of the studies. This review will provide researchers, policy makers, and program developers with evidence about the potential use of prevention approaches for Indigenous adolescents.

Modifiable risk behaviors in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18095-e18095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia J. Smith ◽  
Andrea C. King ◽  
Xiaolei Lin ◽  
Donald Hedeker ◽  
Tara O. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Trend Analyses

e18095 Background: A cancer diagnosis in adolescents and young adults (AYA) comes at a complex developmental interval that often coincides with risky behaviors, such as substance use. Modifiable risk behaviors are an important area of research to minimize morbidity for AYA. Our goal was to examine substance use, affect, and other health indicators in a diverse AYA cancer patient sample. Methods: We identified patients between the ages of 18-39 years and 6 or more months from date of cancer diagnosis. Measures included demographic, general health and substance use variables, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T). Linear trend analyses were performed to examine group differences. Backward-selection ordinal regression analyses identified specific factors associated with risky health behaviors. Results: Participants (60% male; Mage = 27; 70% White; 14% Black) included 100 patients with primary diagnoses of lymphoma (N = 45); leukemia (N = 37); sarcoma (N = 10); other (N = 8). Median time from cancer diagnosis was 2 years (range 6 months - 20 years). Past year alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use was reported in 80% ,15%, and 33% of participants, respectively. We classified three subgroups based on past year alcohol and smoking, including non-smoker/non-drinker (n = 20), non-smoker/drinker (n = 65), and smoker/drinker (n = 15). Linear trend analyses indicated that the groups did not differ on time since diagnosis, but the smoker/drinker group initiated drinking younger ( p< 0.01), were more likely to use marijuana in the past year ( p< 0.01), and had increased depressive symptoms (CES-D; p< 0.01), anxiety (STAI-T; p< 0.05), body pain ( p< 0.05), and poorer sleep quality ( p< 0.05). Backward model selection treating outcome categories as ordinal indicated that frequent marijuana use and poor sleep quality were associated with being a past year smoker/drinker. Conclusions: A sizeable portion of AYA cancer patients engage in drinking and smoking, which is associated with negative affect and poorer self-reported health. Targeted interventions should be considered to reduce risky behaviors in this population.

Telehealth Services for Substance Use Disorders: A 3-month Longitudinal Assessment of Intensive Outpatient Programming and Data Collection Practices During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Gliske ◽  
Justine Welsh ◽  
Jacqueline E. Braughton ◽  
Lance A. Waller ◽  
Quyen M. Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Intensive Outpatient

BACKGROUND The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid transition of many types of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment to telehealth formats, despite limited information about what makes treatment effective in this novel format. OBJECTIVE To examine the feasibility and effectiveness of virtual intensive outpatient program (IOP) treatment for SUD in the context of a global pandemic, while considering the unique challenges posed to data collection during an unprecedented public health crisis. METHODS The study is based on a longitudinal study with a baseline sample of 3,642 patients who enrolled in intensive outpatient addiction treatment (in-person, hybrid, or virtual) from January 2020 to March 2021 at a large substance use treatment center in the United States. The analytical sample consisted of patients who completed the 3-month post-discharge outcome survey as part of routine outcome monitoring (n = 1,060) (response rate = 29%). RESULTS No significant differences were detected by delivery format in continuous abstinence (χ2 = 0.42, P = .81), overall quality of life (F(2,826) = 2.06, P = .13), financial well-being (F(2,767) = 2.30, P = .10), psychological well-being (F(2,918) = 0.72, P = .49), and confidence in one’s ability to stay sober (F(2,941) = 0.21, P = .81). Individuals in hybrid programming were more likely to report a higher level of general health than those in virtual IOP (F(2,917) = 4.19, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Virtual outpatient care for the treatment of SUDs is a feasible alternative to in-person only programming leading to similar self-reported outcomes at 3-months post-discharge. Given the many obstacles presented throughout data collection during a pandemic, further research is needed to better understand under what conditions telehealth is an acceptable alternative to in-person care.

scholarly journals Cigarette use is increasing among people with illicit substance use disorders in the United States, 2002-14: emerging disparities in vulnerable populations

Addiction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H. Weinberger ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Melanie M. Wall ◽  
Deborah S. Hasin ◽  
Michael J. Zvolensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use

The Potential of Coaching as a Strategy to Improve the Effectiveness of School-Based Substance Use Prevention Curricula

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Ringwalt ◽  
Melinda M. Pankratz ◽  
William B. Hansen ◽  
Linda Dusenbury ◽  
Julia Jackson-Newsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Substance Use Prevention ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
School Based ◽  
Prevention Curriculum ◽  
Expert Coaching ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect

Research-based substance use prevention curricula typically yield small effects when implemented by school teachers under real-world conditions. Using a randomized controlled trial, the authors examined whether expert coaching improves the effectiveness of the All Stars prevention curriculum. Although a positive effect on students' cigarette use was noted, this finding may be attributed to marked baseline differences on this variable across the intervention and control groups. No effects were found on students' alcohol or marijuana use or on any of several variables thought to mediate curriculum effects. The effects of coaching on teachers may not become evident until future years, when they have moved beyond an initial mechanical delivery of the curriculum.

scholarly journals Nurturant-involved parenting and adolescent substance use: Examining an internalizing pathway through adolescent social anxiety symptoms and substance refusal efficacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget B. Weymouth ◽  
Gregory M. Fosco ◽  
Mark E. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance

AbstractResearch has clearly established the important role of parents in preventing substance use among early adolescents. Much of this work has focused on deviance (e.g., antisocial behavior, delinquency, and oppositional behavior) as a central pathway linking parenting behaviors and early adolescent substance use. This study proposed an alternative pathway; using a four-wave longitudinal design, we examined whether nurturant-involved parenting (Fall sixth grade) was inversely associated with adolescent drunkenness, marijuana use, and cigarette use (eighth grade) through social anxiety symptoms (Spring sixth grade) and subsequent decreases in substance refusal efficacy (seventh grade). Nurturant-involved parenting is characterized by warmth, supportiveness, low hostility, and low rejection. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 687 two-parent families. Results indicated that adolescents who were in families where fathers exhibited lower levels of nurturant-involved parenting experienced subsequent increases in social anxiety symptoms and decreased efficacy to refuse substances, which in turn was related to more frequent drunkenness, cigarette use, and marijuana use. Indirect effects are discussed. Findings were not substantiated for mothers’ parenting. Adolescent gender did not moderate associations. The results highlight an additional pathway through which parenting influences youth substance use and links social anxiety symptoms to reduced substance refusal efficacy.

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