Differential Effects of Restricting the Supply of Alcohol: Studies of a Strike in Finnish Liquor Stores

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Liquor Stores ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Drunken Driving ◽  
Assault And Battery

In 1972, a strike closed down Finnish liquor stores for five weeks, and the overall consumption of alcohol decreased by roughly a third. Results from observational studies and analyses of survey data and statistical records on the effects of the strike are presented. During the strike, arrests for drunkenness decreased to about one-half, cases of assault and battery were reduced by some 20 to 25 percent and cases of drunken driving by between 10 and 15 percent. Home production of alcoholic beverages and consumption of surrogate alcohol showed some increase. The strike affected different population groups in different ways. The frequency of arrests of homeless alcoholics was reduced to a lesser degree than was that of socially less isolated drinkers. Older persons and lower strata reacted more passively than younger people and the middle class, who were more actively turning to alternative sources of alcohol.

The Variable Effects of Religiosity and Denomination on Adolescent Self-Reported Alcohol Use by Beverage Type

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Beverage Type ◽  
Recreational Use

Homogeneous effects logistic regression is used to examine the effects of personal religiosity and denomination on adolescent self-reported frequency of alcohol use by beverage type. Survey data from a sample of 3,065 male and female adolescents in grades seven through twelve in three midwestern states are employed. The findings are somewhat consistent with a hypothesis generated from the different cultural images of alcoholic beverages. For adolescents, the use of beer and liquor are largely restricted to recreational purposes, while wine has both functional and recreational uses. Because purely recreational use of psychotropic substances violates religious standards of asceticism, the effects of religiosity on the use of beer and liquor should be stronger than on the use of wine. The results show that the effects of personal religiosity are weakest for use of wine, but are relatively identical for beer and liquor.

Service Consciousness and Service Knowledge among Older Americans

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Kushman ◽  
Beth K. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Large Region ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Data Service ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Statistical Relationships

This article explores statistical relationships between socioeconomic characteristics of elderly persons in a large region of California and their consciousness and knowledge of services available to them. Regression and probit estimation are used to analyze survey data. Service knowledge is a prerequisite to utilization or informal referrals and general consciousness of services increases the probability that older persons will search for services to meet their needs. Education, age, sex, rurality, and minority status are found to be associated with service consciousness and knowledge, although a number of other characteristics have significant associations for at most a few services.

Sources of retirement income among formal sector workers in Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-378
Author(s):  
Peter Quartey ◽  
Mark Edem Kunawotor ◽  
Michael Danquah
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Pension Benefits

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine alternative sources of retirement income apart from the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) pension benefits and the significance of these retirement income sources in the consumption decisions of pensioners in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Using household survey data on SSNIT pensioners in Accra, Ghana, this study employ the Garrett and Kendall coefficient of concordance (W-test) to robustly identify the sources of retirement income and determine the significance of these income sources in financing consumption expenditure during retirement. Findings The findings show that apart from SSNIT pension benefits, other sources of retirement income including rental income, income from post-retirement jobs and remittances from family and friends are significant sources of income for pensioners in Ghana. Personnel savings and investment was the least important source of retirement income. Research limitations/implications Further research will be needed to validate these results, particularly using household survey data that covers the entire country. Originality/value The study contributes to the scanty literature on retirement income by robustly identifying the alternative sources of retirement income and their importance or significance to pensioners in Ghana.

New tastes create China market for alcoholic drinks

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China Market ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Key Drivers

Subject The market for alcoholic beverages in China. Significance Imported beer sales have grown rapidly in China, while sales of wine and spirits have begun to recover after a downturn. The markets for beer, wine and spirits have converged to target younger, middle-class consumers. Impacts Sales of imported premium beer will outstrip mass-market beers, accounting for one-third of the market by 2020. Mid-priced imported wine and spirits will outperform luxury brands. E-commerce will be an increasingly important battleground for alcohol brands as younger, tech-savvy consumers become key drivers of growth. Domestic wine and baijiu brands are beginning to expand abroad, but face an uphill battle to 'educate' foreign consumers. Alcohol is increasingly consumed for taste and novelty, rather than to show wealth, creating opportunities for smaller, lesser-known brands.

scholarly journals The effects of favouring lower alcohol content beverages: Four examples from Finland

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Österberg
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
Liquor Stores ◽  
Lower Alcohol ◽  
Identity Card

Aims This paper studies the possibility of substituting the consumption of one alcoholic beverage category for another by changing alcohol control measures. It examines four Finnish examples: the waiving in 1952 of the requirement to show a special identity card issued by the alcohol monopoly Alko for buying fortifed wines; again binding the sales of fortifed wines to Alko's identity card in 1958; a 1960s alcohol price policy favouring wines and beer over vodka; and the change in alcohol legislation in 1968, which allowed selling medium beer in grocery stores but left the off-premise sales of all stronger alcoholic beverages to Alko's liquor stores. Data Data on recorded consumption of alcoholic beverages in terms of 100 per cent alcohol per capita according to beverage categories will be used together with the numbers of arrests for drunkenness according to beverage categories as well as different data sources on changes in alcohol control measures. Results & Conclusions The four examples from Finland show that strong alcoholic beverages can be substituted for lighter drinks, but this seems to work especially when the lighter beverages can be used for the same purposes as the stronger ones. It is much more difficult to persuade consumers to substitute strong alcoholic beverages for light ones by changing relative alcohol availability or by adjusting prices, if the consumers also have to change their drinking habits by, for instance, substituting binging with vodka for drinking light wines with meals. The Finnish examples also make it clear that changing from one beverage category to another does not automatically result in changing the way to use alcoholic beverages or the drinking habits themselves.

A Nuclear Paradise

Kudankulam ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 32-70
Author(s):  
Raminder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Plant ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Visual Material ◽  
Alternative Sources

Chapter 2 grounds the study in an exploration of the ecological, material, and social contours of the region. It focuses on the backstories of Kudankulam as the site for a nuclear plant and the spaces of criticality that were generated. The formidable presence of the nuclear plant, visual, material and discursive spawned a range of reactions that spanned from intrigue to ambivalence to resistance. With an overview of ‘hot spots’ in Kanyakumari and Tirunelveli Districts, the prospect of more radioactivity applies not just to the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant but also to high levels of background radiation in peninsular India, and the mining of sand for atomic minerals particularly for alternative sources of nuclear fuel by way of thorium. Along the way, we assess the repercussions of new hierarchies with the migrant middle class of nuclear employees and the entrenchment of old ones along caste-communal lines.

The Study of Home Safety Problems for Older Disabled Persons: A Multi-Dimensional Approach

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
J. Watzke ◽  
D.B.D. Smith ◽  
N. Somerville ◽  
A. Verran
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Home Safety ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The Given

The presentation features beginning efforts on a 5 year project concerned with the identification of home safety problems and technological solutions for older disabled persons. First, the multi-dimensional model guiding the project is presented. Second, pilot survey data concerned with 72 older persons' home accident histories, risk perceptions associated with everyday activities, and tendencies to engage in risky in-home behaviors are discussed. Finally, preliminary survey data from 30 “In-home assessment” professionals will be discussed. These data Identify environmental, functional, and psychological in-home safety problems for elderly persons for the given daily activities stipulated by the project's model.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING SEX DIFFERENCES IN OLDER PERSONS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S16-S16
Author(s):  
Michael A Campitelli ◽  
Laura C Maclagan ◽  
Christina Diong ◽  
Longdi Fu ◽  
Amy Y Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Report Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract Sex differences in the incidence, prevalence, and clinical presentation of neurodegenerative diseases have been previously documented, however, sex differences in how individuals with neurodegenerative diseases access the health system remain understudied. Clinical trials and observational studies often do not report data stratified by sex, which limits the understanding of sex-related differences in persons with neurodegenerative diseases. This session will highlight both opportunities and methodological challenges researchers face when undertaking sex and gender research in persons with neurodegenerative diseases using two case studies: 1) sex differences in health service utilization prior to a diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS); and 2) sex differences in care needs and survival among persons who are admitted to a nursing home after a stroke. The findings of these studies may support the development of guidelines and care plans to meet the needs of men and women with neurodegenerative disorders in varied care settings.

scholarly journals Cognitive Barriers to Reducing Income Inequality

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062093459
Author(s):  
Joshua Conrad Jackson ◽  
Keith Payne
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Controlled Experiment ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wealth Redistribution

As economic inequality grows, more people stand to benefit from wealth redistribution. Yet in many countries, increasing inequality has not produced growing support for redistribution, and people often appear to vote against their economic interest. Here we suggest that two cognitive tendencies contribute to these paradoxical voting patterns. First, people gauge their income through social comparison, and those comparisons are usually made to similar others. Second, people are insensitive to large numbers, which leads them to underestimate the gap between themselves and the very wealthy. These two tendencies can help explain why subjective income is normally distributed (therefore most people think they are middle class) and partly explain why many people who would benefit from redistribution oppose it. We support our model’s assumptions using survey data, a controlled experiment, and agent-based modeling. Our model sheds light on the cognitive barriers to reducing inequality.

A Comparison of Private and Government-Controlled Liquor Stores in British Columbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-661
Author(s):  
Scott MacDonald ◽  
Andrew Treno ◽  
Tim Stockwell ◽  
Gina Martin ◽  
Jinhui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Liquor Stores ◽  
Different Types

British Columbia (BC), Canada, has unique regulations for sales of alcohol in off-premise establishments where both government (n = 199) and privately controlled stores (n = 977) sell all types of off-premise alcoholic beverages. The purpose of this study is to compare the different marketing approaches of government and private stores and examine how their sales vary in relation to demographic characteristics within the regions that they operate. Data was collected for 89 geographic areas of BC from the following sources: a survey of BC private stores, BC demographic statistics, and sales records for different types of alcoholic beverages from private and government stores. Private stores had higher average prices, longer hours of operation, and were more likely to refrigerate beverages than government stores. Also, types of beverage sold differed between government and private stores depending on the demographic characteristics of the regions being served.

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