Gender Differences in Immigrant Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen’nan Ghazal Read ◽  
Megan M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Immigrant Health ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Middle Easterners ◽  
Actual Health ◽  
Do So

This article draws on theories of gender inequality and immigrant health to hypothesize differences among the largest immigrant population, Mexicans, and a lesser known population of Middle Easterners. Using data from the 2000-2007 National Health Interview Surveys, we compare health outcomes among immigrants to those among U.S.-born whites and assess gender differences within each group. We find an immigrant story and a gender story. Mexican and Middle Eastern immigrants are healthier than U.S.-born whites, and men report better health than women regardless of nativity or ethnicity. We identify utilization of health care as a primary mechanism that contributes to both patterns. Immigrants are less likely than U.S.-born whites to interact with the health care system, and women are more likely to do so than men. Thus, immigrant and gender health disparities may partly reflect knowledge of health status rather than actual health.

scholarly journals Lucky to reach the top?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lundsgaard Ottsen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Eastern Women ◽  
Low Expectations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Middle Easterners

Purpose As organizations aim to become increasingly diverse, it is important to understand how perspectives of potential future leaders vary across culture and gender. This study aims to advance the understanding of the persistent gender gap in management. Design/methodology/approach Samples from the gender-segregated Qatar and the co-ed Denmark present a unique opportunity to investigate the potential effects of gender. Here, 115 Middle Easterners and 121 Scandinavians rated perceived importance of job-related skills, networking upward and serendipity in leadership acquisition. Findings Effects of gender showed that compared to men, women across cultures expected that serendipity has less to do with leadership acquisition. Middle Eastern women also showed low expectations regarding networking with people in powerful positions. Nevertheless, both genders showed conviction of meritocracy by rating job-related skills as the most important factor in leadership acquisition. Cross-culturally, Scandinavians presumed job-related skills to be more important than Middle Easterners. Research limitations/implications Despite meritocracy beliefs, it appears that gender differences in perceived possibility of leadership acquisition contribute to the gender gap in management. Scandinavian women relied more on networking than Middle Eastern women, but still lacked faith in serendipitous opportunities compared to male peers. Perceived luck enhances achievement motivation. If men rely more on luck than women, then they are more confident in succeeding and more ambitious about pursuit of leadership. Women’s lack of faith in serendipity might affect their career ambitions negatively even in societies emphasizing equality. Originality/value This is the first study that directly focuses on gender differences in perception of opportunities for leadership acquisition through serendipity.

Apology responses and gender differences in spoken British English

Pragmatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi An ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
Mingyou Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
British English ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Typical Response ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

Abstract This study presents a corpus-based sociopragmatic investigation into apology responses (ARs) and gender differences in ARs in spoken British English. Using data taken from the recently released Spoken BNC2014, the investigation leads to an adjusted taxonomy of ARs which comprises five categories and several sub-categories. The investigation shows that ‘Lack of response’ is the most typical response, followed by ‘Acceptance’, ‘Rejection’, ‘Evasion’, and ‘Acknowledgement’. The results are discussed in relation to the process of attenuation that apologies have undergone (e.g. Jucker 2019), i.e. apologies are becoming more routinised and less meaningful. The proposed taxonomy is subsequently used to examine the extent to which male and female recipients respond to apologies differently. While the investigation suggests no significant differences in ARs across genders, it has been observed that there is some correlation between ARs and the gender of the apologiser. Finally, the implications and applications of the study are briefly discussed.

Detecting Involuntary Layoffs in Teacher Survival Data: The Year of Leaving Dangerously

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith D. Singer ◽  
John B. Willett
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Employment Duration ◽  
Early Dropout ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Teacher Survival

In this paper, we present an exploratory methodology for detecting and documenting an influence on the duration of teacher employment which has heretofore eluded empirical quantification—the involuntary layoff. Using data on the lengths of employment of more than 14,000 teachers hired between 1969 and 1981 in the St. Louis metropolitan area, we show that over and above the effects that previous researchers have identified (such as high early dropout rates and gender differences), there were certain years in which many more recently hired teachers were likely to leave their districts than might have been expected. We then present documentary evidence indicating that these unusual years were ones in which several of the districts under study implemented sizable mandated staff reductions. We conclude by discussing how ignoring involuntary layoffs may lead researchers to erroneously attribute some inter-individual variation in employment duration to other influences such as entering cohort. Viewed in its entirety, our paper presents a methodology for the improved analysis of teacher survival data that allows researchers to uncover not only involuntary layoffs but other predictors of employment duration as well.

scholarly journals From Major Preferences to Major Choices: Gender and Logics of Major Choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Quadlin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Major Choice ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

Research shows that college students choose majors for a variety of reasons. Some students are motivated by potential economic returns, others want to take engaging classes, and others still would like opportunities to help people in their jobs. But how do these preferences map onto students’ actual major choices? This question is particularly intriguing in light of gender differences in fields of study, as men and women may take divergent pathways in pursuit of the same outcome. Using data from the Pathways through College Study (N = 2,639), I show that men and women choose very different majors even when they cite the same major preferences—what I call gendered logics of major choice. In addition, I use earnings data from the American Community Survey to assess how these gendered logics of major choice may be associated with broader patterns of earnings inequality. I find that among men and women who have the same major preferences, men’s major choices are tied to significantly higher prospective earnings than women’s major choices. This finding demonstrates that the ways men and women translate their preferences into majors are unequal from an earnings perspective. Implications for research on higher education and gender are discussed.

Sons, Daughters and Fathers' Absence:

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. MOTT
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
White Families ◽  
Single Parenthood ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Biological Fathers

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this research examines the extent to which the presence or absence of biological fathers from the home is associated with gender differences in the presence or absence of children and gender differences in the home environment encountered by children. For a large national sample of children between the ages of 5 and 9, the results suggest that for White families: (a) fathers are more likely to be present in the home if the child is male; and (b) home environmental advantages that boys appear to have in two-parent households are not apparent in female-headed households. For White families, White single parenthood is clearly linked with a poorer quality environment; nonetheless, it is more equalitarian in terms of boys and girls being similarly socialized. The results for Black children are less systematic, although there is some suggestion that girls lose a modest relative advantage in home environment that they have over boys in father-present homes.

Comparing apologies in Australian English and Bahasa Indonesia: Cultural and gender perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy F. Jones ◽  
Adrefiza
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Gender Perspectives ◽  
Australian English ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

AbstractThis study examines sociocultural, pragmatic, and gender differences between native speakers of Australian English (AE) and Bahasa Indonesia (BI) in expressing the speech act of apology. Based on an oral discourse completion task (DCT) using data from 24 native speakers of both languages, the study focuses on the variations in the use of apology strategies in three situations of moderate severity. The findings show that the two groups use a variety of strategies in expressing apologies. The majority of BI speakers tend to use requests for forgiveness with relatively strong hearer-oriented strategies. AE apologies, on the other hand, seem to be dominated by the frequent use of expressions of regret, with speaker-oriented strategies. Another noticeable speech phenomenon lies in the differences in showing directness and politeness: BI speakers are likely to be more elaborate and less straightforward in their expressions than AE speakers. It is also evident that Indonesian apologetic acts tend to be somewhat formulaic and less varied compared with those in Australian expressions. Finally, the findings show quite pronounced gender differences both within and between the two languages in terms of the strategy use and expressions.

scholarly journals Measuring Gender Role Attitudes in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110577
Author(s):  
Charles Crabtree ◽  
Kiho Muroga
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Politics And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cross National

What explains gender discrimination in Japan? While Japan ranks near the worst among advanced democracies in nearly all cross-national gender equality rankings, we know little about the attitudes that drive disparate outcomes between men and women. To address this need, the authors develop, introduce, and validate the first measure of gender role attitudes in Japan, the Gender Role Scale. Using data from a large, national, quota-based sample of 2,389 Japanese conducted in March 2020, the authors visualize the subcomponents of Gender Role Scale, showing cross-gender differences in attitudes. The findings extend the large literature on politics and gender and provide a measure for reuse in Japan and for extension to other countries that lag behind in women’s empowerment.

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