scholarly journals Effects of Infantile/Prepubertal Chronic Estrogen Treatment and Chemical Sympathectomy with Guanethidine on Developing Cholinergic Nerves of the Rat Uterus

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analía Richeri ◽  
Lorena Viettro ◽  
Rebeca Chávez-Genaro ◽  
Geoffrey Burnstock ◽  
Timothy Cowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Estrogen Treatment ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Cholinergic Nerves ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves

The innervation of the uterus is remarkable in that it exhibits physiological changes in response to altered levels in the circulating levels of sex hormones. Previous studies by our group showed that chronic administration of estrogen to rats during the infantile/prepubertal period provoked, at 28 days of age, an almost complete loss of norepinephrine-labeled sympathetic nerves, similar to that observed in late pregnancy. It is not known, however, whether early exposure to estrogen affects uterine cholinergic nerves. Similarly, it is not known to what extent development and estrogen-induced responses in the uterine cholinergic innervation are affected by the absence of sympathetic nerves. To address this question, in this study we analyzed the effects of infantile/prepubertal chronic estrogen treatment, chronic chemical sympathectomy with guanethidine, and combined sympathectomy and chronic estrogen treatment on developing cholinergic nerves of the rat uterus. Cholinergic nerves were visualized using a combination of acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and the immunohistochemical demonstration of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). After chronic estrogen treatment, a well-developed plexus of cholinergic nerves was observed in the uterus. Quantitative studies showed that chronic exposure to estrogen induced contrasting responses in uterine cholinergic nerves, increasing the density of large and medium-sized nerve bundles and reducing the intercept density of fine fibers providing myometrial and perivascular innervation. Estrogen-induced changes in the uterine cholinergic innervation did not appear to result from the absence/impairment of sympathetic nerves, because sympathectomy did not mimic the effects produced by estrogen. Estrogen-induced responses in parasympathetic nerves are discussed, considering the direct effects of estrogen on neurons and on changes in neuron-target interactions.

scholarly journals Adhesion-dependent interactions between eosinophils and cholinergic nerves

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (6) ◽  
pp. L1229-L1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Kingham ◽  
W. Graham McLean ◽  
Deborah A. Sawatzky ◽  
Marie Therese Walsh ◽  
Richard W. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cholinergic Nerves ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Eosinophil Degranulation

Eosinophils adhere to airway cholinergic nerves and influence nerve cell function by releasing granule proteins onto inhibitory neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors. This study investigated the mechanism of eosinophil degranulation by cholinergic nerves. Eosinophils were cocultured with IMR32 cholinergic nerve cells, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) or leukotriene C4 (LTC4) release was measured. Coculture of eosinophils with nerves significantly increased EPO and LTC4 release compared with eosinophils alone. IMR32 cells, like parasympathetic nerves, express the adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Inhibition of these adhesion molecules alone or in combination significantly inhibited eosinophil degranulation. IMR32 cells also significantly augmented the eosinophil degranulation produced by formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. Eosinophil adhesion to IMR32 cells resulted in an ICAM-1-mediated production of reactive oxygen species via a neuronal NADPH oxidase, inhibition of which significantly inhibited eosinophil degranulation. Additionally, eosinophil adhesion increased the release of ACh from IMR32 cells. These neuroinflammatory cell interactions may be relevant in a variety of inflammatory and neurological conditions.

The Role of Neurogenic Bioamines in Nerve Fibers of Uterus during the Postpartum Involution in Experimental Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Dindyaev ◽  
Narasimha M Beeraka ◽  
Denis V. Kasatkin ◽  
Elizaveta V. Mikhaylenko ◽  
Siva G. Somasundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Postpartum Involution ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Nulliparous Female ◽  
Uterine Body

Background: Biogenic amines (BAs) secreted by the sympathetic neural apparatus of rat uterus is reported to be conducive to the uterine functional activity during postpartum involution; the imbalance in BAs ratio could confer postpartum reproductive disorders including improper postpartum involution. Objective: The changes in density of uterine sympathetic nerves implicated in the pathology of endometriosis, adenomyosis, and delayed uterine involution. The present study is aimed to ascertain ‘serotonin’ and ‘catecholamine’ concentrations in mesenteric mast cells (MCs), and structural elements of nerve fibers across the perivascular plexuses (PPs) and single sympathetic nerve terminals (SST). Methods: Furthermore, the density of their spatial distribution (SDP and SDT) in the uterine body, cervix, and mesometrium was determined during postpartum involution. Tissue specimens of postpartum uterus were obtained from 55 nulliparous female Wistar outbred strain rats, which were grouped according to the days after parturition at the time of sacrifice. The nerve fibers of PP and SST exhibited emerald green fluorescence, which was detected by glyoxylic acid fluorescence technique; the fluorescence invoked by BAs was identified by microspectrofluorimetry. Results: Concentrations of BAs were extensive in the varicosities of PP and SST on the 10th day. However, the highest BA concentrations were found in structural elements of PP in the uterine mesometrium in the initial days of postpartum. In mesenteric MC, serotonin and catecholamines were at the highest concentration on 10th day postpartum. Histamines peaked on the 6th day. Conclusion: SDP and SDT were increased significantly in all structural elements of uterine nerve fibers in the uterine body and cervix compared to SDP in mesentery. Considering that catecholamines and serotonin are antagonists in many aspects of their biological action, the ratio of BAs should be well-balanced to maintain anabolic-catabolic equilibrium in the rat uterus.

Autonomic influences on atrioventricular conduction in conscious dogs

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. H102-H108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. X. Thomas ◽  
W. C. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Atrioventricular Conduction ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Cardiac Denervation ◽  
Sympathetic Control ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Cardiac Impulse ◽  
The Right

Autonomic innervation of the atrioventricular (AV) junction modulates conduction of the cardiac impulse, the sympathetic nerves facilitating and parasympathetic nerves impeding conduction. Experiments assessed the relative importance of parasympathetic vs. sympathetic control by pharmacologic blockade with atropine (0.2 mg/kg) or propranolol (1.0 mg/kg) while pacing the right atrium (100-400 beats/min) in normal, conscious resting dogs and in dogs that had undergone chronic, intrapericardial cardiac denervation. Maximum pacing rate with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction was termed Rmax. Control Rmax at rest was 125.69 +/- 9.49 beats/min and was slightly reduced after propranolol to 118.28 +/- 10.98 (P = 0.043). After atropine, Rmax was significantly increased to 344 beats/min. Propranolol and atropine together resulted in an Rmax of 308 beats/min, which was significantly less than after atropine alone. Rmax in cardiac-denervated dogs was 301 beats/min, which was not significantly different from that following total pharmacologic blockade. In conscious, resting, unsedated dogs, the upper limit of AV nodal conduction is associated with the level of parasympathetic rather than sympathetic tone; during exercise the sympathetics assume greater importance.

scholarly journals Effect of the autonomic nervous system on cancer progression depends on the type of tumor: solid are more affected then ascitic tumors

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Horvathova ◽  
B Mravec
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Malignant Ascites ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Ascites Hepatoma ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
Tumor Bearing

AbstractObjectives. A number of recently published studies have shown that the sympathetic nervous system may influence cancer progression. There are, however, some ambiguities about the role of the parasympathetic nerves in the modulation of growth of different tumor types. Moreover, tumor models used for investigation of the autonomic neurotransmission role in the processes related to the cancer growth and progression are mainly of the solid nature. The knowledge about the nervous system involvement in the modulation of the development and progression of malignant ascites is only fragmental. Therefore, the aim of the present article was to summarize the results of our experimental studies focused on the elucidation of the role of the autonomic nervous system in the modulation of tumor growth in animals. We are summarizing data from studies, in which not only different experimental approaches in order to influence the autonomic neurotransmission, but also different tumor models have been used.Methods. Three different types of tumor models, namely solid rat intra-abdominal fibrosarcoma, solid murine subcutaneous melanoma, and rat ascites hepatoma, and three types of interventions have been used in order to modulate the autonomic neurotransmission, specifically chemical sympathectomy, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, or the electric stimulation of the vagus nerve.Results. We have proved a strong stimulatory effect of the sympathetic nerves on the development and growth in both solid tumors, rat fibrosarcoma as well as murine melanoma, and significant inhibitory impact on the survival time of tumor-bearing animals. The progression of ascites hepatoma in rats was not influenced by chemical sympathectomy. Modulation of parasympathetic signalization by vagotomy or vagal nerve stimulation does not affect fibrosarcoma and ascites hepatoma growth and survival of the tumor-bearing rats.Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, it seems that the solid types of tumors are suitable substrate for the direct action of neurotransmitters released especially from the sympathetic nerves. In contrast, it appears that the malignant ascites are not under the direct autonomic nerves control; however, an indirect action via the immune functions modulation cannot be excluded.

The Concept of Cotransmission: Focus on ATP as a Cotransmitter and its Significance in Health and Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Burnstock
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Purinergic Signalling ◽  
Release Of Noradrenaline ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves ◽  
Sympathetic Pain ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Nerve Release

The concept of cotransmission, including sympathetic nerve release of noradrenaline and ATP, was formalised in 1976, which challenged the accepted view known as ‘Dale's Principle’ that one nerve released only one transmitter. ATP was also shown to be a cotransmitter with acetylcholine in parasympathetic nerves supplying the urinary bladder and as a cotransmitter with nitric oxide in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory nerves supplying the intestine. It is now recognised that ATP is a cotransmitter in most, if not all, nerves in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The physiological significance of cotransmission will be considered. In pathophysiology, the role of ATP as a cotransmitter appears to increase as shown, for example, in the parasympathetic nerves supplying the diseased human bladder and in sympathetic nerves in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ATP is likely to be involved in sympathetic pain, causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Purinergic signalling also appears to be enhanced in inflammatory and stress conditions.

Metabolism of [3H]noradrenaline by the isolated rat uterus

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1245-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Fernández-Pardal ◽  
Martha F. Gimeno ◽  
Alvaro L. Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Treatment ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Noradrenaline Metabolism ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Isolated Rat

The metabolism of [3H]noradrenaline by uterine horns from estrous, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized and estrogen-treated rats was explored. Uterine strips are able to take up [3H]noradrenaline and store it for up to 85 min after the isotope incubation. The major compounds retained in the tissue from rats either ovariectomized or during estrus were [3H]noradrenaline and 3H-labelled O-methylated deaminate metabolites. The [3H]3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol ([3H]DOPEG) and 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid ([3H]DOMA) fractions were higher in tissues from ovariectomized rats than during estrus. Ovariectomy also increased significantly the spontaneous efflux of [3H]DOPEG and [3H]DOMA. The metabolic pattern of [3H]noradrenaline both in the tissue and in the efflux from ovariectomized rats was changed by estrogen treatment and became similar to those obtained during estrus. These data suggest a possible modulation of the noradrenaline metabolism by estrogens on the isolated rat uterus.

CHANGES IN HYDROLASE ENZYMORPHOLOGY OF RAT UTERUS AND VAGINA AFTER ESTROGENS; NAPHTHOL AS SUBSTRATES

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 908-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEIICHI WATANABE ◽  
WILLIAM H. FISHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Estrogen Treatment ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Estradiol 17Β ◽  
Estrogen Administration

The early enzymorphologic changes of rat uterus and vagina on castration and following estrogen administration (estradiol-17β, estrone and estriol) were examined with regard to alkaline phosphatase, esterase, β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase using naphthol AS compounds as substrates. Castration caused a marked decrease of enzyme activities except for alkaline phosphatase of capillary endothelium and for nonspecific esterase. All activities, compared to castrated controls, were markedly increased by estrogen administration except for the alkaline phosphatase of capillary endothelia. Estriol and estrone were more potent than estradiol-17β in the early stage of estrogen treatment (4-hour interval). The response of alkaline phosphatase of striated border of lumenal uterine epithelium to estrogen treatment is unique in that the other hydrolases were absent from this site. The estrogen sensitivity of the hydrolases of connective tissue cells of rat uterine stroma is clearly evident for the first time. Of interest also is a comparison of β-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase in which naphthol AS-BI is the product of enzyme hydrolysis in each case. Although the intensity of the respective staining reactions correlated well with each other in relation to the events of castration and estrogen administration, there were clear differences evident. Finally, the new findings demonstrate the value of the improved techniques as well as resolve some ambiguities of earlier findings obtained with diverse methods.

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