The Role of Neurogenic Bioamines in Nerve Fibers of Uterus during the Postpartum Involution in Experimental Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Dindyaev ◽  
Narasimha M Beeraka ◽  
Denis V. Kasatkin ◽  
Elizaveta V. Mikhaylenko ◽  
Siva G. Somasundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Postpartum Involution ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Nulliparous Female ◽  
Uterine Body

Background: Biogenic amines (BAs) secreted by the sympathetic neural apparatus of rat uterus is reported to be conducive to the uterine functional activity during postpartum involution; the imbalance in BAs ratio could confer postpartum reproductive disorders including improper postpartum involution. Objective: The changes in density of uterine sympathetic nerves implicated in the pathology of endometriosis, adenomyosis, and delayed uterine involution. The present study is aimed to ascertain ‘serotonin’ and ‘catecholamine’ concentrations in mesenteric mast cells (MCs), and structural elements of nerve fibers across the perivascular plexuses (PPs) and single sympathetic nerve terminals (SST). Methods: Furthermore, the density of their spatial distribution (SDP and SDT) in the uterine body, cervix, and mesometrium was determined during postpartum involution. Tissue specimens of postpartum uterus were obtained from 55 nulliparous female Wistar outbred strain rats, which were grouped according to the days after parturition at the time of sacrifice. The nerve fibers of PP and SST exhibited emerald green fluorescence, which was detected by glyoxylic acid fluorescence technique; the fluorescence invoked by BAs was identified by microspectrofluorimetry. Results: Concentrations of BAs were extensive in the varicosities of PP and SST on the 10th day. However, the highest BA concentrations were found in structural elements of PP in the uterine mesometrium in the initial days of postpartum. In mesenteric MC, serotonin and catecholamines were at the highest concentration on 10th day postpartum. Histamines peaked on the 6th day. Conclusion: SDP and SDT were increased significantly in all structural elements of uterine nerve fibers in the uterine body and cervix compared to SDP in mesentery. Considering that catecholamines and serotonin are antagonists in many aspects of their biological action, the ratio of BAs should be well-balanced to maintain anabolic-catabolic equilibrium in the rat uterus.

Cardiac arrhythmias of sympathetic origin in the dog

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. H535-H540
Author(s):  
L. S. D'Agrosa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Cardiac Rate ◽  
Atrioventricular Junction ◽  
Cardiac Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Beta Receptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of ventrolateral and ventromedial cardiac nerve (left sympathetics) stimulation on cardiac force, on rate, and on arrhythmogenic responses were characterized and quantitated. The stimulation of left sympathetic nerves produced augmentation in cardiac contraction in 45% of the experiments, an augmentation of both a cardiac rate and force in 47%, and in cardioacceleration alone in 8%. Two characteristic patterns of arrhythmogenic responses were elicited from stimulations of 100 sympathetic nerves. The two types of neurally induced arrhythmias were atrioventricular junctional or ventricular in origin. The onset and duration of the arrhythmias were quantitated. Both types of neurally induced arrhythmias were prevented either by blocking the beta receptors with propranolol or by preventing the neural release of norepinephrine with bretylium tosylate. The neurally induced arrhythmias were probably the result of enhanced automaticity in the atrioventricular junction area and in the ventricles produced by stimulating the sympathetic nerve fibers. This report thus implicates the ventromedial cardiac nerve in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias.

Myointimale Hyperplasie und sympathische Reinervation der Ohrarterie des Kaninchens nach lokalem Kälteschaden und schneller Wiedererwärmung

VASA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arvesen ◽  
J. Mæhlen ◽  
L. Rosén ◽  
Pål Aas
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Ring ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Spontaneous Release ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Total Uptake

Background: Functional and pathological improvements following rapid rewarming in 42°C water was compared with alterations following slow thawing at room temperature (22°C) after frostbite (–9°C, 15 minutes) in vivo of the rabbit central ear artery. Methods: Following two to ten weeks of in vivo regeneration, vascular segments were tested in vitro. Maximal and dose-dependent isometric contractions were induced by exogenous noradrenaline. Sympathetic nerves in the vascular wall were stained with glyoxylic acid. Vascular ring segments were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Results: Following slow thawing, the total uptake, the K+ evoked and the spontaneous release of [3H]noradrenaline in the sympathetic nervous system were strongly reduced two weeks after freezing, with a subsequent increase to control level within 3–4 weeks. After rapid rewarming the total uptake, the spontaneous release and the K+ evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline commenced earlier such that after ten weeks the level was twice as high as following slow rewarming. The glyoxylic acid induced catecholamine fluorescence in sympathetic nerves, revealed an earlier regeneration after rapid rewarming. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained segments revealed less intimal hyperplasia three to 20 weeks after rapid rewarming than after slow thawing. Conclusion: Rapid rewarming of in vivo frozen arteries in warm water (42°C) did not prevent immediate vasoparalysis and degeneration of sympathetic nerves. However, nerve regeneration occurred earlier and with higher tissue nerve densities as compared to tissue that had been slowly rewarmed. Myointimal hyperplasia was less pronounced after rapid rewarming. Abnormal sympathetic nerve function and myointimal hyperplasia, as observed in this study, may contribute to a greater understanding of sequelae in the human body following frostbite.

scholarly journals Galanin is localized in sympathetic neurons of the dog liver

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. E1194-E1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Mundinger ◽  
C. Bruce Verchere ◽  
Denis G. Baskin ◽  
Michael R. Boyle ◽  
Stephan Kowalyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve Terminals ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Hepatic Nerves ◽  
Dog Liver

Stimulation of canine hepatic nerves releases the neuropeptide galanin from the liver; therefore, galanin may be a sympathetic neurotransmitter in the dog liver. To test this hypothesis, we used immunocytochemistry to determine if galanin is localized in hepatic sympathetic nerves and we used hepatic sympathetic denervation to verify such localization. Liver sections from dogs were immunostained for both galanin and the sympathetic enzyme marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Galanin-like immunoreactivity (GALIR) was colocalized with TH in many axons of nerve trunks as well as individual nerve fibers located both in the stroma of hepatic blood vessels and in the liver parenchyma. Neither galanin- nor TH-positive cell bodies were observed. Intraportal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infusion, a treatment that selectively destroys hepatic adrenergic nerve terminals, abolished the GALIR staining in parenchymal neurons but only moderately diminished the GALIR staining in the nerve fibers around blood vessels. To confirm that 6-OHDA pretreatment proportionally depleted galanin and norepinephrine in the liver, we measured both the liver content and the hepatic nerve-stimulated spillover of galanin and norepinephrine from the liver. Pretreatment with 6-OHDA reduced the content and spillover of both galanin and norepinephrine by >90%. Together, these results indicate that galanin in dog liver is primarily colocalized with norepinephrine in sympathetic nerves and may therefore function as a hepatic sympathetic neurotransmitter.

scholarly journals Effects of Infantile/Prepubertal Chronic Estrogen Treatment and Chemical Sympathectomy with Guanethidine on Developing Cholinergic Nerves of the Rat Uterus

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analía Richeri ◽  
Lorena Viettro ◽  
Rebeca Chávez-Genaro ◽  
Geoffrey Burnstock ◽  
Timothy Cowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Estrogen Treatment ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Chemical Sympathectomy ◽  
Cholinergic Nerves ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves

The innervation of the uterus is remarkable in that it exhibits physiological changes in response to altered levels in the circulating levels of sex hormones. Previous studies by our group showed that chronic administration of estrogen to rats during the infantile/prepubertal period provoked, at 28 days of age, an almost complete loss of norepinephrine-labeled sympathetic nerves, similar to that observed in late pregnancy. It is not known, however, whether early exposure to estrogen affects uterine cholinergic nerves. Similarly, it is not known to what extent development and estrogen-induced responses in the uterine cholinergic innervation are affected by the absence of sympathetic nerves. To address this question, in this study we analyzed the effects of infantile/prepubertal chronic estrogen treatment, chronic chemical sympathectomy with guanethidine, and combined sympathectomy and chronic estrogen treatment on developing cholinergic nerves of the rat uterus. Cholinergic nerves were visualized using a combination of acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and the immunohistochemical demonstration of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). After chronic estrogen treatment, a well-developed plexus of cholinergic nerves was observed in the uterus. Quantitative studies showed that chronic exposure to estrogen induced contrasting responses in uterine cholinergic nerves, increasing the density of large and medium-sized nerve bundles and reducing the intercept density of fine fibers providing myometrial and perivascular innervation. Estrogen-induced changes in the uterine cholinergic innervation did not appear to result from the absence/impairment of sympathetic nerves, because sympathectomy did not mimic the effects produced by estrogen. Estrogen-induced responses in parasympathetic nerves are discussed, considering the direct effects of estrogen on neurons and on changes in neuron-target interactions.

Regulation of matrilysin in the rat uterus

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Frederick Woessner Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ◽  
Postpartum Involution ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

Matrilysin was first discovered in the involuting rat uterus; it has also been known as uterine metalloproteinase, putative metalloproteinase (Pump-1), and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7). It is the smallest member (28 kDa) of a family of 15 MMPs that together are able to degrade most of the macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. This family is briefly reviewed; all members are zinc metalloproteinases that occur in zymogen form with the active site zinc blocked by cysteine. Matrilysin can degrade a wide range of gelatins, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins of the matrix and can activate several other MMPs including collagenase. With respect to the uterus, matrilysin is localized to epithelial cells and varies in amount with the estrus cycle and is found in high levels during postpartum involution. There is evidence for a role in the last stage of cervical ripening and immediately postpartum. Induction of premature delivery by onapristone and prostaglandin E2advances these changes in matrilysin. Regulation of the enzyme levels in the uterus are considered from four viewpoints: control of protein synthesis (particularly in response to hormones), activation of the proenzyme to functional protease, retention of enzyme by binding to matrix components such as heparan sulfate, and inhibition by natural inhibitors such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and α2-macroglobulin.Key words: matrilysin, matrix metalloproteinases, TTMP, uterus, rat uterus.

Effects of regional denervation on epicardial DC electrograms during coronary occlusion in pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. H138-H146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cinca ◽  
A. Bardaji ◽  
J. Figueras ◽  
A. Salas-Caudevilla ◽  
A. Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Occlusion ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Area ◽  
Catecholamine Histofluorescence ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
A Minor

Sympathetic innervation of the normal and acutely ischemic myocardium and the effects of regional myocardial sympathetic denervation of the ischemic area on the evolving electrical changes during coronary occlusion were assessed in pigs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The histofluorescence of the adrenergic nerve fibers (glyoxylic acid reaction), which in the normal myocardium were distributed in a diffuse network, decreased slightly after 45 min of occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and nearly disappeared after 2 h of ischemia. Topical application of phenol (carbolic acid, 88%) to the coronary arterial wall produced a transmural loss of catecholamine histofluorescence in the distal myocardium supplied by the phenol-treated arterial segment. Mapping of the epicardial direct current (DC) electrograms in sympathetically denervated and in nondenervated sections of the same ischemic area, using three rows of seven cotton-wick electrodes, was performed in eight pigs and validated in eight other nondenervated pigs. During 45 min of LAD occlusion, the denervated area, with respect to the nondenervated region, showed a greater decline in T-Q segment depression after 20 min of ischemia (P less than 0.0001), a lesser degree of S-T segment elevation throughout the study (P less than 0.0001), a delayed development of monophasic potentials (P less than 0.05), a minor degree of S-T segment alternans (P less than 0.0001), and a less marked, but still present, period of transient electrical recovery. Thus acute regional myocardial sympathectomy reduces the magnitude of the local electrical manifestations of acute myocardial ischemia in the in situ pig heart. Also in this model, sympathetic fibers appeared to lose the catecholamine histofluorescence after 2 h of acute ischemia.

PEPTIDYL PEPTIDE HYDROLASES, CATHEPSIN AND COLLAGENASE (?) OF THE RAT UTERUS DURING POSTPARTUM INVOLUTION

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Platt ◽  
Hanke Frackenpohl
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Collagenase Activity ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Cathepsin Activity ◽  
Postpartum Involution ◽  
Peptide Hydrolases

ABSTRACT 1. The activity of cathepsin and of collagenase in the rat uterus during parturition and in post partum involution increased significantly 60 h after parturition. 2. Cathepsin activity was measured using haemoglobin as substrate at pH 4.1. 3. Collagenase activity was tested with 4-phenyl-azo-benzyloxy-carbonyl-L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-D-arginine-OH as substrate at pH 8.5. 4. The protein content of the rat uterus remained constant during post partum involution. 5. The DNA content increased significantly.

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