Meaningful Brands from Meaningless Differentiation: The Dependence on Irrelevant Attributes

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Carpenter ◽  
Rashi Glazer ◽  
Kent Nakamoto

Conventional product differentiation strategies prescribe distinguishing a product or brand from competitors’ on the basis of an attribute that is relevant, meaningful, and valuable to consumers. However, brands also successfully differentiate on an attribute that appears to create a meaningful product difference but on closer examination is irrelevant to creating that benefit—“meaningless” differentiation. The authors examine how meaningless differentiation can produce a meaningfully differentiated brand. They argue that buyers may infer that a distinguishing but irrelevant attribute is in fact relevant and valuable under certain conditions, creating a meaningfully differentiated brand. They outline the consumer inference process and develop a set of hypotheses about when it will produce meaningful brands from meaningless differentiation. Experimental tests in three product categories support their analysis. They explore the implications of the results for product differentiation strategies, consumer preference formation, and the nature of competition.

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Carpenter ◽  
Kent Nakamoto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieta Stefanova ◽  

This study analyses the possibility of differentiation in the supply of different types of products from the processing of the olive tree fruit in order to make them more appealing to the target audience. Possibilities have been identified to distinguish the business from other market participants and to better position it on the market through cost leadership or differentiation of product quality. An analysis has been conducted of a product differentiation method applying five factors facilitating the positioning of the brand to achieve better satisfaction of consumer preferences and earn the consumers' loyalty. It was found that in the examined product category the factor contributing to the greatest degree to product differentiation is the adopted assortment policy. This is an expert method that can be successfully applied to other product categories.


2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuyang Hu ◽  
Timothy Woods ◽  
Sandra Bastin

Consumer acceptance and willingness to pay for three nonconventional attributes associated with six processed blueberry products was examined through an in-store conjoint experiment survey. Both credence and experience attributes were considered, including whether the products were produced locally, and whether they were organic or sugar-free. The results indicate heterogeneity in consumer preference and willingness to pay for different attributes across product categories. Local products and organic formulations generally received positive willingness to pay across all products. This information has implications for blueberry growers and retailers who are trying to create and position value-added products for maximum revenue.


1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Pras ◽  
John Summers

The findings of a comparative analysis of linear and nonlinear evaluation process models using 3 (number of models) × 3 (levels of number of attributes) × 2 (levels of “acceptability” of alternatives) factorial design are reported. The results suggest nonlinear models may provide important vehicles for understanding consumer preference formation.


1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Carpenter ◽  
Kent Nakamoto

Market pioneers outsell later entrants in both consumer and industrial markets. Entry barriers arising from preemptive positioning and switching costs have been advanced to explain this market share difference, termed “pioneering advantage.” However, empirical studies show that pioneering advantages are present even in mature markets in which brands reposition and switching costs are minimal. In these cases, the authors argue that pioneering advantage can arise from the process by which consumers learn about brands and form their preferences. This process can produce a preference structure that favors the pioneer, making it difficult for later entrants to “compete away” the pioneer's large market share, even if brands can reposition and switching costs are minimal.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kushagra Kulshreshtha ◽  
Naval Bajpai ◽  
Vikas Tripathi ◽  
Gunjan Sharma

Purpose Cause-related marketing (CrM) is one of the effective marketing concepts which draw high public exposure and make the cause and the organization known in the market. Further, it develops a higher inclination of the customers associating themselves with CrM-related campaigns. In this regard, CrM campaigns generally take hedonic products into consideration. The purpose of this paper (comprises two studies) is to: study 1, examine the attributes leading to successful CrM campaign and afterward when the results of Study 1 were found in line with the existing literature; and, Study 2, empirically examine the consumer preference for hedo-utilitarian products type in the CrM context. Design/methodology/approach A total of 316 respondents participated in the survey. For selecting the appropriate research technique under the CrM study, the systematic review was conducted to arrive at a decision. Finally, conjoint analysis, a decompositional approach, was used for its ability to provide real-world setup to the respondents and keeping the social desirability bias at the minimum while assessing the consumer preference in the context of CrM. Findings Much literature is available in favor of using hedonic products for successful CrM activities. However, none has conceptualized the hedo-utilitarian products that have an equally fair chance to succeed under CrM strategy. The present study confirmed the relevance of hedo-utilitarian products (utilitarian products having hedonic features) for attracting the consumers having cognitive and affective responses altogether. Practical implications The novel concept of hedo-utilitarian product is introduced and empirically examined. The propositions and findings will facilitate the organizations in developing the products and marketing strategies in the context of CrM, giving them the option beyond the two product categories, i.e. hedonic and utilitarian. Accordingly, the companies may also focus and strategize for the “causmers,” i.e. the consumers who pay heed to the cause of the campaign during the purchase. Originality/value While several of the dimensions in marketing have been explored, CrM is the least explored area in the Asian region. The attributes that may affect CrM were taken all together as another product feature/attribute under conjoint analysis exploring the attributes affecting CrM most, eventually, leading to higher consumer preference. Further, the concept of hedo-utilitarian products was introduced, empirically examined and recommended to future researchers for bringing it forward.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Nita Wanda Sari

The research purpose determines that consumers preferences for online and offline shopping at different shopping experience and determine products which choose consumers for online and offline shopping at different shopping experience. The research uses qualitative descriptive analysis obtained from the result of questionnaire through interviews with the respondent based on categories of some profession who have done shopping online or offline in Medan City. The finding of the research shows Mean Ratings of the people choose the shopping attributes such as Enjoy Shopping, Shop Quickly, Large Selection and Best Price by online shopping while the shopping attributes such as See-Touch Handle, Personal Service, Speedy Delivery and No-hassle Exchange by offline shopping. The products such as Airlines Tickets, Clothes, Elektronics Products, Health and Grooming, and other products (Shoes, Bags, Scarfs, Wallets, Accessories, Foods, Movie Vouchers and Underwear) consumers choose by online shopping. In the other hand, the people choose offline shop the products such as Books, CDs, Computer Software and Sporting Goods. The correlation value is 0.937 for the search stages and purchase stages, it means thathas the significant correlation value when the consumers choose the online and offline shopping with value of signification 0.01.


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