The Effects of Residential Mobility on Criminal Persistence and Desistance during the Transition to Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 002242782094857
Author(s):  
Alex O. Widdowson ◽  
Sonja E. Siennick
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Individual Change ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Residential Move ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Persistent Offending

Objectives: Prior research has documented that residential mobility has the potential to trigger both criminal persistence and desistance, with frequent moving often predicting persistence and long-distance moving predicting desistance. However, less work has considered this possibility during the transition to adulthood. To address this shortcoming, we assessed the effects of different residential moves on offending during this period in the life course. Methods: Using 15 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort, a sample of youth followed from ages 12 to 32, we used mixed-effects models to examine whether frequent moving, between-county moves (a proxy for long-distance), and moving distance are associated with within-individual change in self-reported offending and arrest. Results: Findings indicated that frequent moving was not associated with persistent offending. In addition, individuals who made between-county moves showed significant within-individual reductions in self-reported offending and arrest, with those reductions emerging immediately after the move and persisting over time. Finally, individuals who moved further in distance were more likely to experience reductions in self-reported offending, although any moving distance reduced arrest. Conclusions: A long-distance residential move may serve as a turning point that facilitates reductions in self-reported offending and arrest.

Wartime in Men's Lives: A Comparative Study of American and Japanese Cohorts

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen H. Elder ◽  
Yoriko Meguro
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
City Life ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Guidance Study

Wars and military conscription have involved millions of men, women, and children, though very little is known about their long-term effect on lives. Using cohorts of American and Japanese men, this study investigates three hypothesised effects of World War II. War mobilisation and related experiences: (1) altered the timing and sequencing of events in the transition to adulthood, especially when they occurred relatively early in life; (2) increased educational advancement and occupational opportunity; and (3) generally produced life changes that made the war a perceived turning point in the life course. Each of these propositions applies mainly to men who were mobilised at an early age. Data come from the Shizuoka city life history study of 1982, and from two longitudinal archives at the Institute of Human Development, Berkeley (the Oakland Growth Study and the Berkeley Guidance Study). The older Japanese men were born in 1918-24; the older Americans, in 1920-21. Younger cohorts include Japanese men born in 1927-30 and American men born in 1928-29. Especially among men in the younger cohort, Japanese and American, results from the data analysis generally provide empirical support for the life-course alteration, opportunity, and turning point hypotheses.

scholarly journals Internal migration and mobile communication patterns among pairs with strong ties

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Irene D. Fudolig ◽  
Daniel Monsivais ◽  
Kunal Bhattacharya ◽  
Hang-Hyun Jo ◽  
Kimmo Kaski
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Patterns ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Calling Behaviour ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Residential Move ◽  
Phone Service

AbstractUsing large-scale call detail records of anonymised mobile phone service subscribers with demographic and location information, we investigate how a long-distance residential move within the country affects the mobile communication patterns between an ego who moved and a frequently called alter who did not move. By using clustering methods in analysing the call frequency time series, we find that such ego-alter pairs are grouped into two clusters, those with the call frequency increasing and those with the call frequency decreasing after the move of the ego. This indicates that such residential moves are correlated with a change in the communication pattern soon after moving. We find that the pre-move calling behaviour is a relevant predictor for the post-move calling behaviour. While demographic and location information can help in predicting whether the call frequency will rise or decay, they are not relevant in predicting the actual call frequency volume. We also note that at four months after the move, most of these close pairs maintain contact, even if the call frequency is decreased.

scholarly journals Neighborhood and Child Development at Age Five: A UK–US Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10435
Author(s):  
Anthony Buttaro ◽  
Ludovica Gambaro ◽  
Heather Joshi ◽  
Mary Clare Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Administrative Information ◽  
Uk Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Life Course

Early childhood is a critical period in the life course, setting the foundation for future life. Early life contexts—neighborhoods and families—influence developmental outcomes, especially when children are exposed to economic and social disadvantage. Residential mobility, frequent among families with pre-school children, may reduce or increase exposure to adverse surroundings. We examine children’s cognitive and behavioral outcomes at age five, in relation to neighborhood composition, family circumstances and residential moves, using two longitudinal micro datasets: an urban subsample of the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N up to 7967), and the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study in the US (N up to 1820). Each is linked to an index of neighborhood advantage, created to make UK/US comparisons, based on census and administrative information. A series of estimates indicate a strong association, in both countries, between cognitive scores and neighborhood advantage, attenuated but not eliminated by family circumstances. Children’s behavior problems, on the other hand, show less association with neighborhood advantage. There are minor and mixed differences by residential mobility particularly when neighborhood disadvantage changes. Notwithstanding the primacy of the family in predicting preschool development, the findings support the notion of neighborhood as potentially advantageous at least in relation to cognitive outcomes.

Family Events and the Residential Mobility of Couples

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2770-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Michielin ◽  
Clara H Mulder
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Residential Move ◽  
Using Data

Using data from retrospective surveys carried out in the Netherlands during the early 1990s, we describe how the residential mobility of couples—that is, short-distance moves—is affected by family events and how fertility is affected by residential mobility. The results show that residential moves are particularly likely to happen in a short period preceding a wedding or during pregnancy, supporting the hypothesis that residential mobility is likely to occur in anticipation of family changes. Anticipation is also suggested by the fact that the likelihood of having a child is greater after a residential move, but only starting from some months after the move. Family events also have a hampering effect on residential moves. Starting from some months after the wedding, being married is associated with a lower propensity of experiencing a short-distance move, while the presence of children is associated with less residential mobility only when children are school-aged.

scholarly journals Residential Mobility and Changes in Deprivation Levels For 0 – 4 Year Olds in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Robertson ◽  
Kim Nathan ◽  
Philippa Howden-Chapman ◽  
Michael Baker ◽  
Polly Atatoa Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Deprived Areas

IntroductionHigh residential mobility has been shown to have a negative impact on young children, with long-term consequences for their physical and mental health, and social outcomes. Understanding the broad trends in moves and differentiating between moves to neighbourhoods which are likely to have ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ consequences is an important question in the residential mobility literature, with important implications for public policy and children’s health. Objectives and ApproachThe aims of this study are to describe the level and changes in neighbourhood deprivation that occur during residential moves involving children aged 0–4 years of age in New Zealand, and to assess whether these changes differ for children of different ethnicities. Our cohort is 565,689 children born in New Zealand from 2004 to 2018. The dataset of residential moves is created using the full address notification table from the Integrated Data Infrastructure, a set of government data tables that have been linked and anonymised by Statistics New Zealand. ResultsWhile there is a reasonable amount of mobility in terms of the deprivation of the area in which a child lives, the most likely outcome of a move is that it will be to an area with the same level of deprivation. This is especially true for the most and least deprived areas. Areas of high deprivation have the highest levels of churn and residential mobility. Māori and Pasifika children have lower levels of socioeconomic mobility and are more likely to move into and to stay in, areas of high deprivation. Conclusion / ImplicationsChildren living in highly deprived areas are likely to stay in high deprivation areas. Children living in these areas also move more frequently than the general population. Māori and Pasifika children are overrepresented in high deprivation areas, and on average they move more frequently than the group of all children aged 0 – 4.

How to Be a Man Differently: Intersectionality of Gender and Disability in the Life Course of a Powerchair Athlete

2022 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2110643
Author(s):  
Laurent Paccaud ◽  
Anne Marcellini
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Hockey Player ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The Life Course

This article focuses on the intersection of gender, dis/ability and other social forces in the life course of a young man who has had physical impairments from an early age. Drawing on interactionist theories and applying an ethnographic approach, we analyze the life experiences taking place in multiple social spheres throughout the life phases of Simon, a Swiss powerchair hockey player with cerebral palsy. During his childhood and adolescence, Simon was not in a position to embody the familial ways of performing hegemonic masculinity, and he was functionally dependent on women. Through his ongoing transition to adulthood, his commitment to sport and the process of technologizing his body enabled him doing gender differently and emancipate himself from the familial masculine figure, while remaining reliant on the care provided by women. Thus, we show how the body, context, and life phases contribute to the performances of gender and dis/ability.

Disability and the Transition to Adulthood in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Bardo ◽  
Ashley Vowels
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Cumulative Inequality ◽  
The Life Course

This chapter provides a synthesis of the literature on the transition to adulthood among emerging adults with a disability in the United States. The life course paradigm was used to frame the discussion in the context of demographic trends and contemporary circumstances regarding major life transitions in the areas of education, employment, independent living, and sex, marriage, and parenthood. A critical assessment of the current state of the literature from a social versus medical model of disability in these central life domains provides a foundation from which sociologists can explore processes of cumulative inequality embedded in the relatively uncharted lives of transition-age youth with a disability.

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