scholarly journals Residential Mobility and Changes in Deprivation Levels For 0 – 4 Year Olds in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Robertson ◽  
Kim Nathan ◽  
Philippa Howden-Chapman ◽  
Michael Baker ◽  
Polly Atatoa Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Deprived Areas

IntroductionHigh residential mobility has been shown to have a negative impact on young children, with long-term consequences for their physical and mental health, and social outcomes. Understanding the broad trends in moves and differentiating between moves to neighbourhoods which are likely to have ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ consequences is an important question in the residential mobility literature, with important implications for public policy and children’s health. Objectives and ApproachThe aims of this study are to describe the level and changes in neighbourhood deprivation that occur during residential moves involving children aged 0–4 years of age in New Zealand, and to assess whether these changes differ for children of different ethnicities. Our cohort is 565,689 children born in New Zealand from 2004 to 2018. The dataset of residential moves is created using the full address notification table from the Integrated Data Infrastructure, a set of government data tables that have been linked and anonymised by Statistics New Zealand. ResultsWhile there is a reasonable amount of mobility in terms of the deprivation of the area in which a child lives, the most likely outcome of a move is that it will be to an area with the same level of deprivation. This is especially true for the most and least deprived areas. Areas of high deprivation have the highest levels of churn and residential mobility. Māori and Pasifika children have lower levels of socioeconomic mobility and are more likely to move into and to stay in, areas of high deprivation. Conclusion / ImplicationsChildren living in highly deprived areas are likely to stay in high deprivation areas. Children living in these areas also move more frequently than the general population. Māori and Pasifika children are overrepresented in high deprivation areas, and on average they move more frequently than the group of all children aged 0 – 4.

scholarly journals Residential mobility for a national cohort of New Zealand-born children by area socioeconomic deprivation level and ethnic group

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e039706
Author(s):  
Oliver Robertson ◽  
Kim Nathan ◽  
Philippa Howden-Chapman ◽  
Michael George Baker ◽  
Polly Atatoa Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Transition Matrices ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Residential Move ◽  
Deprived Areas

ObjectivesThe aims of this study are to describe area deprivation levels and changes that occur during residential moves involving New Zealand children from birth to their fourth birthday, and to assess whether these changes vary by ethnicity.DesignLongitudinal administrative data.SettingChildren born in New Zealand from 2004 to 2018.ParticipantsAll (565 689) children born in New Zealand with at least one recorded residential move.Outcome measuresA longitudinal data set was created containing lifetime address histories for our cohort. This was linked to the New Zealand Deprivation Index, a measure of small area deprivation. Counts of moves from each deprivation level to each other deprivation level were used to construct transition matrices.ResultsChildren most commonly moved to an area with the same level of deprivation. This was especially pronounced in the most and least deprived areas. The number of moves observed also increased with deprivation. Māori and Pasifika children were less likely to move to, or remain in low-deprivation areas, and more likely to move to high-deprivation areas. They also had disproportionately high numbers of moves.ConclusionWhile there was evidence of mobility between deprivation levels, the most common outcome of a move was no change in area deprivation. The most deprived areas had the highest number of moves. Māori and Pasifika children were over-represented in high-deprivation areas and under-represented in low-deprivation areas. They also moved more frequently than the overall population of 0 to 3 year olds.

scholarly journals The health of older New Zealanders in relation to housing tenure: analysis of pooled data from three consecutive, annual New Zealand Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Pledger ◽  
Janet McDonald ◽  
P Dunn ◽  
Jacqueline Cumming ◽  
K Saville-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
New Zealanders

© 2019 The Authors Objective: To explore relationships between the housing tenure of older New Zealanders and their health-related behaviours, and physical and mental health. Methods: Pooled data were analysed for 15,626 older adults (aged 55+) from three consecutive, annual, nationally representative New Zealand Health Surveys to compare owner-occupiers, private renters and public renters. Results: Most in the sample were owner-occupiers (83.2%), with 12.4% private renters and 4.5% public renters. A higher proportion of renters aged 75+ were female. Māori and Pacific people were more likely to be renters. Renters were more likely to be living alone, on lower annual incomes. Overall measures of physical and mental health showed a health gradient, with public renters in the poorest health and owner-occupiers in the best health. Conclusions: Rental tenure is associated with poorer health. Implications for public health: Older renters tend to be economically disadvantaged and in poorer health than owner-occupiers. Over time, the proportion of older renters has been increasing. This will have implications for policy and for services in meeting the diverse care and support needs of older people. Higher rates of renting among Māori and Pacific people and older females means that these groups are particularly vulnerable to any negative impact of renting on health.

scholarly journals How universal are universal pre-school health and developmental screens? Evidence from New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Audas
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
School Health ◽  
Developmental Milestones ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Eligible Population ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Before School ◽  
Conventional Risk Factors

In New Zealand, children participate in a pre-school screen to ensure they are reaching key developmental milestones and not having significant physical, emotional or behavioural issues. This pre-school screen is called the Before School Check (B4SC) and it is intended to be implemented after the child's fourth birthday and before they enter school, after their fifth birthday. If children fall short of key developmental milestones or have other health or behavioural issues, they may be referred to other services so that they these problems can be remediated prior to entry to primary school. In New Zealand, B4SC participation is high, with greater than 90% of the eligible population participating each year. However, the rates of completion are lower, with many children not completing all components. We speculate that non-participation in the B4SC, is concentrated among the most vulnerable of children – those who would most likely benefit from an intervention. In New Zealand, government collected administrative files, including the B4SC are housed in the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). We link B4SC records to a variety of data files, including health records, census and measures of residential mobility and find conventional risk factors significantly predict B4SC participation.

scholarly journals The health of older New Zealanders in relation to housing tenure: analysis of pooled data from three consecutive, annual New Zealand Health Surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Pledger ◽  
Janet McDonald ◽  
P Dunn ◽  
Jacqueline Cumming ◽  
K Saville-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Pacific People ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
New Zealanders

© 2019 The Authors Objective: To explore relationships between the housing tenure of older New Zealanders and their health-related behaviours, and physical and mental health. Methods: Pooled data were analysed for 15,626 older adults (aged 55+) from three consecutive, annual, nationally representative New Zealand Health Surveys to compare owner-occupiers, private renters and public renters. Results: Most in the sample were owner-occupiers (83.2%), with 12.4% private renters and 4.5% public renters. A higher proportion of renters aged 75+ were female. Māori and Pacific people were more likely to be renters. Renters were more likely to be living alone, on lower annual incomes. Overall measures of physical and mental health showed a health gradient, with public renters in the poorest health and owner-occupiers in the best health. Conclusions: Rental tenure is associated with poorer health. Implications for public health: Older renters tend to be economically disadvantaged and in poorer health than owner-occupiers. Over time, the proportion of older renters has been increasing. This will have implications for policy and for services in meeting the diverse care and support needs of older people. Higher rates of renting among Māori and Pacific people and older females means that these groups are particularly vulnerable to any negative impact of renting on health.

scholarly journals Dependence on the Screen in the Life-creation of a Modern Person

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Maryna Mishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
New Information ◽  
Types Of Information

The article represents the investigation of such a common phenomenon as screen dependency and its impact on the life-creativity of a modern man. In a modern changing world, it is difficult to avoid humanity's interaction with various advances in the field of modern technology and new information technologies - mobile communications, personal desktops and laptops, services of the global Internet. It constantly occurs at different times of the day, in varying degrees, without a specific place or sphere of human activity. Screen dependency is the acute obsessive need of a person to use devices, the design feature of which is a screen availability, through which various types of information represent real life and which make modern Internet technologies material. While researching, it was discovered that the screen dependency actually covers a number of other well-known destructive human dependencies, in particular, dependence on the computer, television, mobile communications, and the global Internet network. It is determined and argued that the screen devices as a powerful source of information and a significant resource of social development can enrich the artist with the latest creative ideas. At the same time, excessive enthusiasm in screen products may not only have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of a person, but also lead to very negative consequences for the culture, in particular, the numerous borrowings of other artistic ideas, the depreciation of traditional culture and its components, the loss of one’s own creative personality.

Residential mobility and socioemotional and behavioural difficulties in a preschool population cohort of New Zealand children

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Nathan ◽  
Oliver Robertson ◽  
Polly Atatoa Carr ◽  
Philippa Howden-Chapman ◽  
Nevil Pierse
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Linear Association ◽  
Population Cohort ◽  
Behavioural Difficulties ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Address Data ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Before School

BackgroundFindings regarding early residential mobility and increased risk for socioemotional and behavioural (SEB) difficulties in preschool children are mixed, with some studies finding no evidence of an association once known covariates are controlled for. Our aim was to investigate residential mobility and SEB difficulties in a population cohort of New Zealand (NZ) children.MethodsData from the Integrated Data Infrastructure were examined for 313 164 children born in NZ since 2004 who had completed the Before School Check at 4 years of age. Residential mobility was determined from address data. SEB difficulty scores were obtained from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire administered as part of the Before School Check.ResultsThe prevalence of residential mobility was 69%; 12% of children had moved ≥4 times. A linear association between residential mobility and increased SEB difficulties was found (B=0.58), which remained robust when controlling for several known covariates. Moves >10 km and moving to areas of higher socioeconomic deprivation were associated with increased SEB difficulties (B=0.08 and B=0.09, respectively), while residential mobility before 2 years of age was not. Children exposed to greater residential mobility were 8% more likely to obtain SEB difficulties scores of clinical concern than children exposed to fewer moves (adjusted OR 1.08).ConclusionThis study found a linear association between residential mobility and increased SEB difficulties in young children. This result highlights the need to consider residential mobility as a risk factor for SEB difficulties in the preschool years.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders in Adults with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Sandra Giménez ◽  
Miren Altuna ◽  
Esther Blessing ◽  
Ricardo M. Osorio ◽  
Juan Fortea
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Directions

Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative impact on physical and mental health, behavior, and cognitive performance. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disruption may also accelerate the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in this population. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the sleep disorders associated with DS in order to treat them, and in doing so, improve cognition and quality of life, and prevent related comorbidities. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the main sleep disorders in adults with DS, including evaluation and management. It highlights the existing gaps in knowledge and discusses future directions to achieve earlier diagnosis and better treatment of sleep disorders most frequently found in this population.

The Epidemiology of Noise Sensitivity in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Marja Heinonen-Guzejev ◽  
Kauko Heikkilä ◽  
David Welch ◽  
Kim N. Dirks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Noise Sensitivity ◽  
Noise Annoyance ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
And Task

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Sensitivity to noise, or nuisance sounds that interrupt relaxation and task-related activities, has been shown to vary significantly across individuals. The current study sought to uncover predictors of noise sensitivity, focussing on possible social and cultural determinants, including social position, education, ethnicity, gender, and the presence of an illness. <b><i>Method:</i></b> Data were collected from 746 New Zealand adults residing in 6 areas differentiated by social position. Participants responded to questions probing personal characteristics, noise sensitivity, illness, neighbourhood problems, and noise annoyance. It was hypothesized that those in high-deprivation areas and/or experiencing illness report higher levels of noise sensitivity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Approximately 50 and 10% of the participants reported being moderately or very noise sensitive, respectively. Significant predictors of noise sensitivity included age, length of residence, level of social deprivation, and self-reported illness. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> There is evidence of social determinants of noise sensitivity, including social position and residential factors.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Training: the Past, the Present and the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Yiasemidou
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and infection control measures had an unavoidable impact on surgical services. During the first wave of the pandemic, elective surgery, endoscopy, and ‘face-to-face’ clinics were discontinued after recommendations from professional bodies. In addition, training courses, examinations, conferences, and training rotations were postponed or cancelled. Inadvertently, infection control and prevention measures, both within and outside hospitals, have caused a significant negative impact on training. At the same time, they have given space to new technologies, like telemedicine and platforms for webinars, to blossom. While the recovery phase is well underway in some parts of the world, most surgical services are not operating at full capacity. Unfortunately, some countries are still battling a second or third wave of the pandemic with severely negative consequences on surgical services. Several studies have looked into the impact of COVID-19 on surgical training. Here, an objective overview of studies from different parts of the world is presented. Also, evidence-based solutions are suggested for future surgical training interventions.

scholarly journals Short report: Autistic parents’ views and experiences of talking about autism with their autistic children

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132098131
Author(s):  
Laura Crane ◽  
Lok Man Lui ◽  
Jade Davies ◽  
Elizabeth Pellicano
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Experiential Expertise

Little is known about how parents talk about autism with their autistic children, particularly among families in which both a parent and child are autistic. Using an online survey, we gathered quantitative and qualitative data from 34 autistic parents (most of whom had told their children about their diagnosis) to address this knowledge gap. There was considerable overlap between the views and experiences of the autistic parents in this study and the largely non-autistic parent samples in previous research. Specifically, parents emphasised the importance of being open and honest about the diagnosis, disclosing the diagnosis as early as possible, individualising discussions to children’s needs and framing the diagnosis positively. There were, however, areas in which the views and experiences of the current sample differed from previous research on non-autistic samples. First, our sample of autistic parents outlined the benefits of their own experiential expertise, which they felt resulted in heightened understanding and empathy with their children. Second, our sample tended not to express concerns about disclosure potentially having a negative impact. Finally, our participants did not express a want or need for professional support with disclosure. Instead, they reported feeling well equipped to support their children using their own knowledge and lived experience. Lay abstract Previous research examining how parents talk about autism with their children has tended to focus on parents who are not autistic themselves. We collected information on this topic from 34 autistic parents of autistic children (most of whom had told their children about their diagnosis). We found similarities, but also differences, between the views and experiences of autistic parents in this research and those reported in previous research (in studies of largely non-autistic parents). Similarities include the following: it is important to be open and honest about the diagnosis; the diagnosis should be introduced/discussed as early as possible; discussions should be tailored to each individual child’s needs; and we should not overlook the challenges associated with autism, but it is important to focus on positive aspects too. Differences include the following: autistic parents used personal experiences in conversations about autism, which was felt to result in increased understanding and empathy with their children; autistic parents overwhelmingly focused on more positive aspects of an autism diagnosis; our sample did not express concerns that discussions could have negative consequences too (e.g. making children more anxious); and autistic parents did not want or need professional support to talk about autism with their children (instead, they felt confident in using their own knowledge/experiences to guide discussions).

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