Repetitive urine and blood sampling in neonatal and weaned piglets for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling in drug discovery: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Gasthuys ◽  
Stijn Schauvliege ◽  
Thomas van Bergen ◽  
Joske Millecam ◽  
Ilaria Cerasoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Modelling ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
Potential Use

Piglets are considered to be suitable animal models for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of test drugs for potential use in the paediatric population. Such PK/PD studies require multiple blood and urine samplings. The goal of the present study was to determine a suitable blood collection strategy applicable in the youngest age categories of six days, four weeks and eight weeks of age, as well as a urine collection technique for male piglets in the same age categories. Blood was collected either by a surgically-placed jugular vein catheter (six days old [ n = 4] and four weeks old [ n = 2] piglets) or by direct venepuncture of the jugular vein (four weeks old [ n = 2] and eight weeks old [ n = 4] piglets). A non-invasive method for total volume urine collection in male piglets was also developed using a urine pouch. No specific complications were encountered during anaesthesia or surgery for jugular catheter placement. After a 24 h recovery period, urine and blood were easily collected without technical complications. One piglet was humanely killed at week 2 because of septicaemia. Histological analysis of both veins in all four piglets revealed negligible damage to the blood vessel wall. In conclusion, the presented techniques for blood (jugular catheter and direct venepuncture) and urine collection (pouches) are suitable for PK/PD studies in piglets.

scholarly journals Mid-stream clean catch urine collection in newborns: a non-invasive and safe technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Nithin . ◽  
Sudha Rudrappa
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Urine Sample ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Mean Time

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the success rate and safety of a non-invasive technique to obtain clean-catch midstream urine samples in newborns.Methods: Prospective bedside clinical study. After obtaining written informed consent,120 consecutive newborns admitted in NICU with no dehydration, poor feeding, need for immediate urine sample by invasive method  for whom urine collection was advised for various reasons who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study with consent being taken from the parents. After adequate milk intake supra pubic and lumbar para vertebral areas were stimulated in repeated cycles of 30 s until micturition began.Results: Success rate in obtaining a midstream urine sample within 5 min. The success rate was 90%. The mean time taken to collect urine was 64.24s, for males it was 62.55s and for females 65.93s.Conclusions: The technique has been demonstrated to be safe, quick and effective. The discomfort and time consumption usually associated with bag collection methods as well as invasive techniques can be avoided.

Size assessment of adenoid and nasopharyngeal airway by acoustic rhinometry in children

1999 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hee Cho ◽  
Dong-Hee Lee ◽  
Nam-Soo Lee ◽  
Yu-Sung Won ◽  
He-Ro Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Airway ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Endoscopic Assessment ◽  
High Degree

AbstractAdenoid hypertrophy is known as the most common cause of nasal obstruction in children; thus, adenoidectomy with, or without, tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the paediatric population. Although many methods have been suggested, few studies have reported on how to assess adenoid size, pre-operatively. Acoustic rhinometry is an objective technique as well as a non-invasive method, which can be easily used in young children. This study confirmed that acoustic rhinometry is a non-invasive and objective technique for assessing the geometry of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Forty children were evaluated using symptomology, two different radiological measurements and acoustic rhinometry; the results were compared with endoscopic findings. Clinical symptoms and A/N ratio measured with Fujioka's method significantly correlated with the endoscopic assessment findings (r = 0.769 and 0.604 respectively). Significant increases in the cross-sectional area and volume of the nasopharynx were observed at the adenoid notch after adenoidectomy (p<0.005 andp<0.005, respectively). Acoustic rhinometry showed a high degree of correlation of which adenoid occupied the nasopharyngeal airway under endoscopic examination (r = 0.771). Thus, the study concluded that acoustic rhinometry can be as good an objective method for measuring adenoid sizes as endoscopy and can be used as one of the pre-operative examination tools for adenoidectomy.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in general paediatric population - associated factors and screening by Ultrasonography

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2438
Author(s):  
Mounica L. ◽  
Nair Bindu T. ◽  
Dhagat Piyush
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Ultrasonography(USG) is an easily available and non-invasive method for screening the general paediatric population for prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Paediatric Out Patient Department on 100 randomly selected children of school going age group (5-15 years). A detailed history regarding diet and lifestyle, anthropometric measurements of the children like height, weight , BMI and waist – hip ratio and blood pressure was correlated with USG of general paediatric population.Results: There were 4 cases of NAFLD of which one case was of normal weight. The study shows that the mean weight of normal population was 33.36 kgs. while the mean weight of children with fatty liver was 56.38 kgs. The mean value of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in normal population is 98.46 mmHg and 57.48 mmHg respectively while in that of children with NAFLD, it was 119.00 mmHg and 78.50 mmHg respectively. Among the dietary factors, increased intake of non-veg food, fast food, soft drinks and decreased intake of eggs and fish food is seen in children with NAFLD. Children with decreased physical activity also showed to have increased NAFLD.Conclusions: As NAFLD is seen even in children with normal weight, all children of general pediatric population can be screened for NAFLD by an easily available and non-invasive method like USG for an early intervention to prevent morbidity associated with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Katkor(R) cat litter, a non-invasive method of collecting cat urine for phosphate determination : short communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Delport ◽  
L.J. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Capillary Action ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Concentration Determination ◽  
Invasive Method

This study was done to compare the collection of cat urine, for phosphate concentration determination, by catheterisation with that via a proprietary cat litter (Katkor (R)). The passage of urine through the litter or its retention in the litter for a period of 2 hours did not affect the concentration of phosphates compared with that of the original sample. Apart from a small volume of urine trapped in the litter by capillary action, and some urine adhering to the funnel in which the litter was placed, the litter proved to be an excellent medium for routine urine collection from cats, and more especially as an alternative to catheterisation when regular collection from a particular cat is required.

scholarly journals The importance of the facial and body expressions interpretation of domestic feline in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e4269119875
Author(s):  
Camila Moura de Lima ◽  
Caroline Xavier Grala ◽  
Gustavo Antônio Boff ◽  
Mariana Cristina Hoeppner Rondelli ◽  
Márcia de Oliveira Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Invasive Method

Felines can express several emotions through their behavior. Based on this, it is essential to understand the meaning of the feline body and facial expressions since they will assist in carrying out the procedures safely and without causing discomfort to the patient. Therefore, this article aimed to evaluate the behavior and welfare of felines through the visualization of body language during clinical care and the procedures performed. Thirty adult felines, 16 females and 14 males participated in this study, all neutered and mixed breed. The felines were exposed to several clinical procedures during the physical examination, blood pressure measurement by the non-invasive method, assessment of the body condition score and morphometric measurements, electrocardiogram examination, and blood collection. The behavioral assessment observed the most prevalent facial and postural expression. In general, most felines reacted well to the procedures performed and felt comfortable with relaxed and alert facial and body expressions. Few animals showed signs of fear. Thus, the use of practices aimed at welfare together with the use of feline synthetic facial pheromone contributed positively to the results found. Therefore, it is concluded that most felines show signs of relaxation and welfare during the manipulation of the clinical examination and the performance of the procedures with a quiet and safe environment for care and also with the use of feline synthetic facial pheromone.

scholarly journals Complications of Denver Shunt

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eranga Perera ◽  
Shweta Bhatt ◽  
Vikram S. Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Hepatic Hydrothorax ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Respiratory Discomfort ◽  
The Right ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
Denver Shunt

Hepatic hydrothorax secondary to transdiaphragmatic spread of peritoneal fluid can cause respiratory discomfort to the patient. Draining of hydrothorax helps relieve these symptoms. Pleurovenous shunt (Denver shunt) is a relatively non-invasive method of shunting the pleural fluid to the central venous system. Reported complications of pleurovenous shunts are shunt failure, pulmonary edema, post shunt coagulopathy, deep vein thrombosis, and infection. We report a rare case of a leak at the venous end of the catheter that was placed within the right internal jugular vein, resulting in a large collection in the neck.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

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