1. Impaling-Type Head Injury in a Road Traffic Incident

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ahmad ◽  
A Busuttil
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Traffic Incident ◽  
Fence Post ◽  
The Brain

A fatal impaling-type head injury is described in a young man, sustained when he crashed his car while intoxicated, his head being transfixed by a broken wooden fence post. This shattered the facial bones and damaged the brain stem. Other published instances of impaling head injuries are discussed.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Head Injury in Bangladesh: Perspective from the Largest Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukriti Das ◽  
Bipin Chaurasia ◽  
Dipankar Ghosh ◽  
Asit Chandra Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Economic impact is much worse in developing countries like Bangladesh, as victims are frequently male, productive, and breadwinners of the families. Objectives The objective of our study was to highlight the etiological pattern and distribution of varieties of head injuries in Bangladesh and give recommendations regarding how this problem can be solved or reduce to some extent at least. Methods From January 2017 to December 2019, a total of 14,552 patients presenting with head injury at emergency got admitted in Neurosurgery department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and were included in this study. Results The most common age group was 21 to 30 years (36%: 5,239) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Injury was mostly caused by road traffic accident (RTA [58.3%: 8,484]), followed by fall (25%: 3,638) and history of assault (15.3%: 2,226). The common varieties of head injury were: acute extradural hematoma (AEDH [42.30%: 1,987]), skull fracture either linear or depressed (28.86%: 1,347), acute subdural hematoma (ASDH [12.30%: 574]), brain contusion (10.2%: 476), and others (6.04%: 282). Conclusion RTA is the commonest cause of TBI, and among them motor bike accident is the severe most form of TBI. AEDH is the commonest variety of head injuries. Proper steps taken by the Government, vehicle owners, and drivers, and proper referral system and prompt management in the hospital can reduce the mortality and morbidity from TBI in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Consequences of Subconcussive Head Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-407
Author(s):  
Eric A. Nauman ◽  
Thomas M. Talavage ◽  
Paul S. Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Subconcussive Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tissue Alteration ◽  
The Brain

Subconcussive head injury represents a pathophysiology that spans the expertise of both clinical neurology and biomechanical engineering. From both viewpoints, the terms injury and damage, presented without qualifiers, are synonymously taken to mean a tissue alteration that may be recoverable. For clinicians, concussion is evolving from a purely clinical diagnosis to one that requires objective measurement, to be achieved by biomedical engineers. Subconcussive injury is defined as subclinical pathophysiology in which underlying cellular- or tissue-level damage (here, to the brain) is not severe enough to present readily observable symptoms. Our concern is not whether an individual has a (clinically diagnosed) concussion, but rather, how much accumulative damage an individual can tolerate before they will experience long-term deficit(s) in neurological health. This concern leads us to look for the history of damage-inducing events, while evaluating multiple approaches for avoiding injury through reduction or prevention of the associated mechanically induced damage.

scholarly journals 74. On the Vascular Lesions of the Brain Stem in Head Injuries

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko MIZOI ◽  
Nobuo TAWA ◽  
Norisuke SHIMOMURA ◽  
Yoshitsugu TATSUNO
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DEATHS DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, EXAMINED IN DR. S.N. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JODHPUR (RAJ.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Ram Patel ◽  
Jagdish Jugtawat ◽  
Shalender Kumar ◽  
P.C. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male To Female

Accidents are not due to external factors all the time but often they occur due to failure of control of self-conscience and free thoughts. Road Traffic Accidents is still the major cause of death worldwide including India. A retrospective study has been conducted in Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur (Raj.), in the year 2019 to study the pattern and distribution of Head Injuries of fatal road traffic accidents and to prepare the demographic profile of it. Out of total 901 cases, male to female ratio was 9:1, and commonest age group affected was 21-30 years (39.8%). Among total victims, Hindus were 748 (83%) and rests were Muslims 103 (11.4%) and other religions. Head injury was the most common injury, present alone in 509 cases (56.4%) and in 392 (43.6) cases along with other injuries. Skull fractures were found in 451 (50.5), in which linear/fissure fracture (32.9%) was most common. Most common bone fractured was temporal bone. The commonest variety of intracranial hemorrhage was subdural hemorrhage and craniotomy was done in 29 (3.2%) cases. Keywords: Accidents, Road traffic, Head injury, Fractures.

scholarly journals Skull Fracture and Haemorrhagic Pattern in Cases of Fatal Blunt Trauma Head Injury Autopsied at Tertiary Healthcare Centre in Eastern Nepal

Med Phoenix ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Bikash Sah ◽  
Bishwanath Yadav ◽  
Shivendra Jha ◽  
Abdul Sami Khan
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skull Vault

Background: Head injury is regarded as a main health problem that is a common cause of morbidities and mortalities and makes great demand to control and prevent it. For this, policy makers need to see the pattern of head injury and this study is done to describe the pattern.Methods: Hospital based, descriptive cross sectional study done on one year autopsy cases of fatal blunt trauma head injury which was 76 in which proportion of different types of head injuries, their causes and their distribution as per age, sex, and duration of survival were studied.Results: Skull-vault fractures were present in 57 (75%) cases in which most common type of fracture was linear fracture constituting 29(49.12%). 50% of the cases were with skullbase fracture in which the most common was of anterior cranial fossa fracture(60.5%). 56.34% of the victims were with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) followed by subdural haemorrhage (SDH) and extradural haemorrhage (EDH). 6.6% victims were without any intracranial haemorrhage. Road traffic accident alone accounted for 71% of total blunt trauma causations of this fatal head injury. 70% cases were in age group from 11 to 50 years and 78.9% were male. 51.3% died at the spot. Conclusions: The research findings have shown that among the fatal blunt trauma head injury cases, skull vault fracture was present in 75% and skull base fracture was present in 50%. The most common intracranial haemorrhage was subarachnoid haemorrhage (56.34%) followed by subdural and extradural haemorrhage.  Med Phoenix. Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2018, Page: 71-74                                                         

Auditory brain stem responses (ABR) in patients with acute severe closed head injuries

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samy Elwany
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Closed Head Injuries ◽  
Injury Management ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Interpeak Latency ◽  
The Brain

AbstractABR were recorded in 68 cases suffering from severe acute closed head injuries. Abnormal recordings were observed in 60 per cent of patients, and the abnormalities ranged from prolongation of the interpeak latency intervals to complete absence of auditory brain stem activity. Based on the results obtained, a grading system was developed and correlated with the neurological outcome. It was concluded that ABR is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool which can provide valuable information about the function of the brain stem in these patients. Inclusion of ABR studies in the head injury management protocol is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals 61. Hemodynamics of the Brain Stem under the Head Injury

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Rokuro TAKAYAMA ◽  
Kihachiro MASUDA ◽  
Sakae FUKUDA ◽  
Hideyuki HIRAI ◽  
Isao KATAYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
The Brain

The psychobiology of minor head injury

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Montgomery ◽  
G. W. Fenton ◽  
R. J. McClelland ◽  
G. MacFlynn ◽  
W. H. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Minor Head Injury ◽  
Conduction Time ◽  
Eeg Power Spectra ◽  
Symptom Check List ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Stem Damage ◽  
The Brain

SYNOPSISTwenty-six consecutive admissions to an accident and emergency unit with minor head injury were examined. This was defined as a head injury warranting brief in-patient overnight stay but with a post-traumatic amnesia of less than 12 hours. Each patient had a neurological examination, a post-traumatic symptom check list completed, EEG power spectra analysis and auditory brain stem-evoked potential recordings, and a four-choice reaction-time measurement. These assessments were repeated six weeks later. Six months after the head injury a symptom check list was completed and four-choice reaction time measured again. Post-traumatic symptoms are persistent in half of all patients at six weeks and six months follow-up. The EEG power spectra showed a significant change in theta power between the first recording and the second one at six weeks, with relative reduction being noted. Approximately half of all the patients had significant delays in brain stem conduction time at day 0. There was a trend towards a decrease in brain stem conduction time at six weeks, though in almost half the brain stem conduction time still remained abnormal at six weeks. Head-injured patients had prolonged choice reaction times at day 0 with serial improvement between then and six months, though the values at six weeks were still significantly longer than healthy controls. It is suggested that these findings reflect both cortical and brain stem damage following minor head injury, the brain stem damage being more persistent. There appear to be three patterns of recovery, half recovering within six weeks, a minority persisting over six months with persisting brain stem dysfunction and less than a third showing an exacerbation of symptoms with no evidence of brain stem dysfunction, the exacerbation being possibly a consequence of psychological and social factors.

Trends in admission and death rates due to paediatric head injury in England, 2000–2011

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1136-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Marlow ◽  
Julie Mytton ◽  
Ian K Maconochie ◽  
Hazel Taylor ◽  
Mark D Lyttle
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Paediatric Head Injury ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundThe number of children admitted to hospital is increasing year on year, with very short-stay admissions doubling in the last decade. Childhood head injury accounts for half a million emergency department attendances in the UK every year. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has issued three iterations of evidence-based national guidance for head injury since 2003.ObjectivesTo assess if any changes in the rates of admission, death or causes of head injury could be temporally associated with the introduction of sequential national guidelines by longitudinal analysis of the epidemiology of paediatric head injury admissions in England from 2000 to 2011.MethodsRetrospective analysis of English Hospital Episode Statistics data of children under the age of 16 years old admitted to hospital with the discharge diagnosis of head injury.ResultsThe number of hospital admissions with paediatric head injury in England rose by 10% from 34 150 in 2000 to 37 430 in 2011, with the proportion admitted for less than 1 day rising from 38% to 57%. The main cause of head injury was falls (42–47%). Deaths due to head injury decreased by 52% from 76 in 2000 to 40 in 2011. Road traffic accidents were the main cause of death in the year 2000 (67%) but fell to 40% by 2011. In 2000, children who were admitted or died from head injuries were more than twice as likely to come from the most deprived homes compared with least deprived homes. By 2011, the disparity for risk of admission had narrowed, but no change was seen for risk of death.ConclusionsTemporal relationships exist between implementation of NICE head injury guidance and increased admissions, shorter hospital stay and reduced mortality. The underlying cause of this association is likely to be multifactorial.

scholarly journals Burden of Moderate and Severe Head Injury in Kashmir Valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Irfan ◽  
M. Nayil ◽  
K. Kaiser ◽  
R. Altaf ◽  
S. Hilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Neurological Assessment ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Major Health

Abstract Background Head injury is a major health hazard throughout the world. Overall, the mortality/morbidity has not changed much in the last few decades. In developing nations, the situation is worse. Methods The study was conducted for a period of 1 year. The data collected include demographic profile, mode, circumstances and timing of the injury, neurological assessment using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scoring, computed tomography (CT) scan findings, type of management, and outcome. Results Transport-related injuries and falls were the common cause of head injury, with more severe injuries seen in patients without wearing helmets and seat belts. The youth is at high risk of receiving head injuries. The summer season showed a maximum incidence of head injuries. The most common lesions on CT scan were linear fracture of the skull and brain contusion. Mortality rate was 26% and it correlated with the GCS at presentation. Conclusion Head injury mostly affects young people and males outnumber females. Road traffic accident is the major cause. People not abiding by the traffic rules, such as wearing helmets and seat belts, were at high risk of developing head injury and poor outcome.

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