Role of post-mortem multi-slice computed tomography in the evaluation of single gunshot injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Isabella Aquila ◽  
Francesco Sicilia ◽  
Petrantomo Ricci ◽  
Matteo Antonio Sacco ◽  
Maria Manno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
New Approach ◽  
External Examination ◽  
Gunshot Injuries ◽  
First Case

Post-mortem multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) is a new approach in forensic pathology for gunshot injuries. This study determines the role of MSCT in the characterisation of single gunshot injuries. We report three cases. In the first case, an 80-year-old man was found dead in his bedroom with a gun. External examination showed devastating head injuries. In the second case, an 81-year-old man was found dead in his apartment, without a gun. External examination showed gunshot injuries. In the third case, a 56-year-old man was found dead on a road. MSCT and autopsy were performed in all these cases. MSCT not only allowed the determination of entrance and exit wounds but also showed some artefacts. In conclusion, radiology is fundamental for the reconstruction of gunshot injuries, and the manner of death can only be ascertained by autopsy.

scholarly journals New Method for Analysis of the Temporomandibular Joint Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3070
Author(s):  
Sebastian Iwaszenko ◽  
Jakub Munk ◽  
Stefan Baron ◽  
Adam Smoliński
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Section Plane ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Gap Width

Modern dentistry commonly uses a variety of imaging methods to support diagnosis and treatment. Among them, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is particularly useful in presenting head structures, such as the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The determination of the morphology of the joint is an important part of the diagnosis as well as the monitoring of the treatment results. It can be accomplished by measurement of the TMJ gap width at three selected places, taken at a specific cross-section. This study presents a new approach to these measurements. First, the CBCT images are denoised using curvilinear methods, and the volume of interest is determined. Then, the orientation of the vertical cross-section plane is computed based on segmented axial sections of the TMJ head. Finally, the cross-section plane is used to determine the standardized locations, at which the width of the gap between condyle and fossa is measured. The elaborated method was tested on selected TMJ CBCT scans with satisfactory results. The proposed solution lays the basis for the development of an autonomous method of TMJ index identification.

scholarly journals The Significance of Death-Scene Investigation in Determining Cause and Circumstances of Medico-Legal Death

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (38) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Corina Crișan
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Massive Hemoptysis ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
First Case ◽  
Death Scene Investigation ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Scene Investigation ◽  
Mechanical Asphyxia

Abstract The article presents two cases of the Arad Medico-Legal Department illustrating just a part of the role of the forensic pathologist at the death scene but there are sufficient to fully justify the importance of this investigation as no example can comprise the complexity of problems and the particularity of each case, nor a statistic can be made. Both cases were found dead at home and forensically autopsied, but the two of them were distinct in terms of forensic pathologist's request death scene participation. In the first case, the autopsy did not find traumatic lesions, but revealed that the death was due to massive hemoptysis caused by cavernous tuberculosis with subsequent exsanguination, microscopically confirmed. The death was nonviolent. In the second case, the autopsy revealed findings of mechanical asphyxia due to neck compression, both macroscopically and microscopically. The death was violent. In both cases the forensic expert participation is required at the death-scene. In the first case it allowed the correct interpretation of the traces of blood found on site, and in the second case, an onsite research would have properly helped for restoring the death‟s occurrence. The scene investigation and autopsy provide, together, the basis for an accurate determination of cause and circumstances of death.

scholarly journals A computed tomography study on two skulls of mistreated dogs from the Roman Age

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Farina ◽  
A. Mura ◽  
V. Petruzzi ◽  
G. Lepore ◽  
E. Mura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Frontal Bone ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
First Case ◽  
Traumatic Lesions ◽  
Roman Age

The study of ancient skeletons is of high interest, as the relationship between men and animals can be reconstructed. In dogs, head injuries frequently result from direct physical traumas. The excavation of a prehistoric well (Genomi, Sardinia) brought to light sixty canine bones of the Age Roman (2nd century AD), although this well was built during the Nuragic Age. (1st millennium BC). Two canine skulls showing three traumatic lesions underwent computed tomography in order to study the endocast of the brain cavity and indirectly locate possible brain lesions. In the first case, a traumatic lesion was found in the left parietal bone with depression of the outer surface. This lesion determined compression of the left frontal cortex and was compatible with life, as can be deduced by the inflammation of the periostenum. In the second case, two different traumatic lesions were found. The former was a wide fracture of the right frontal bone near the orbital cavity. The injured area showed clear signs of bone remodeling which took place many months before death. The latter was a severe comminuted fracture involving both the outer and inner surface of the left frontal bone, which provoked a deep wound in the left frontal cortex. The sharp outline of bone splinters with no signs of bone remodelling indicates that the trauma was not compatible with life. All lesions described were consequent to severe blows from humans and testify mistreatment of dogs in the Roman Age.

scholarly journals The Role of DNA Degradation in the Estimation of Post-Mortem Interval: A Systematic Review of the Current Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Tozzo ◽  
Salvatore Scrivano ◽  
Matteo Sanavio ◽  
Luciana Caenazzo
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Meta Analyses

The determination of the post-mortal interval (PMI) is an extremely discussed topic in the literature and of deep forensic interest, for which various types of methods have been proposed. The aim of the manuscript is to provide a review of the studies on the post-mortem DNA degradation used for estimating PMI. This review has been performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the PRISMA Guidelines. Several analytical techniques have been proposed to analyse the post-mortem DNA degradation in order to use it to estimate the PMI. Studies focused mainly on animal models and on particular tissues. The results have been mixed: while on the one hand literature data in this field have confirmed that in the post-mortem several degradation processes involve nucleic acids, on the other hand some fundamental aspects are still little explored: the influence of ante and post-mortem factors on DNA degradation, the feasibility and applicability of a multiparametric mathematical model that takes into account DNA degradation and the definition of one or more target organs in order to standardize the results on human cases under standard conditions.

When a suicide becomes a forensic enigma: The role of hanging marks and tools of suspension

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santo Gratteri ◽  
Pietrantonio Ricci ◽  
Pietro Tarzia ◽  
Vittorio Fineschi ◽  
Matteo A Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
External Examination ◽  
Node Position

Death by hanging is asphyxiation when the body is suspended by means of a ligature. Most deaths by hanging are suicides, though occasionally they are accidental or a homicidal event. The characteristics of the hanging marks depend on the ligature used, the dynamics and on the node position with respect to the neck. When the crime scene is contaminated, the hanging mark must be checked with the type of suspension and ligatures used to establish how the hangings took place. We report on 20 cases (2013–2016) where the bodies were moved at or from the crime scene. We analysed the features of hanging marks, the tools of suspension and the ligatures employed in each case. Judicial inspections and an external examination were also carried out. Analysis of hanging marks enables the pathologist to clarify the manner of death and the type of hanging, and tools used especially where the crime scene has been contaminated and the body has been moved.

Identifying the correct cause of death: The role of post-mortem computed tomography in sudden unexplained death

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-212
Author(s):  
Matthew Clarke ◽  
Angus McGregor ◽  
Claire Robinson ◽  
Jasmin Amoroso ◽  
Bruno Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Sudden Unexplained Death ◽  
Unexplained Death

scholarly journals Estimation of accumulated degree hours-based post-mortem intervals in mammalian and avian model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Md Golam Mostafa ◽  
Mst Shahanaz Parvin Shobha ◽  
Anjuman Ara ◽  
Saadia Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Felis Chaus

The post-mortem interval (PMI) of a jungle cat (Felis chaus) and a chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) were estimated as a mammalian and an avian model, respectively. The estimations were performed adopting the Accumulated Degree Hours (ADH) method using blowfly, Lucilia sericata. The required developmental time from oviposition to the 3rd instar larvae of the blowfly species was considered for the determination of PMI in each of the study. The results revealed that the calculated PMI of jungle cat was 5.29 days. On the other hand, the estimated PMI of the chicken was 2.83 days. The difference of these two PMIs in two different models might be due to the variation of temperatures and other related factors in the development of the larvae of the blowfly species. This study might offer a new approach in the medico-legal investigations with a view to resolving homicide as well as other suspected death of animals including wildlife in Bangladesh. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 9(1 & 2): 49-58, 2020 (June & December)

MULTISPIRAL COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSTICS OF PATIENTS WITH THE PATHOLOGY OF ASCENDING DEPARTMENT OF THE AORTA IN BEFORE AND POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
E. P. Yasakova ◽  
V. S. Pykhteev ◽  
S. A. Belash ◽  
E. I. Zyablova ◽  
V. A. Porkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Postoperative Results ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Technical Issues

This review presents current information on the diagnosis of patients with pathology of the ascending aorta in the pre and postoperative period using multispiral computed tomography. The authors paid attention to the importance of valuation of the valvular apparatus elements, the geometry of the root of the aorta (effective coaptation height, Henle triangles, aortic regurgitation area, etc.), the features of which are necessary for the surgeon to solve technical issues of the forthcoming operation. A comparison of the diagnostic value of multispiral computed tomography and transthoracic echocardiography with respect to the visualization of valvular structures is shown. The role of multispiral computed tomography in the planning of transcatheter aortic valve replacement and the determination of results after intervention is described. With the help of multispiral computed tomography, assessing the state of the ascending aorta, the aortic root and aortic valve elements, the surgeon has an opportunity to choose the optimal variant of the valve-preserving operation and to evaluate postoperative results in the preoperative period.

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