Might High-Intensity Interval Exercise Be Remembered as More Pleasurable? An Attempt to Test the Peak-End Rule in the Exercise Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110100
Author(s):  
Elaine Domingues Alves ◽  
Ursula Ferreira Julio ◽  
Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa ◽  
Emerson Franchini ◽  
Monica Yuri Takito
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Past Experiences

Given humans’ limited ability to recall past experiences for evaluation, scholars have proposed the peak-end rule stating that if perceived discomfort at the end of an aversive experience is lower than the peak discomfort experienced, the aversive experience will be remembered more positively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the peak-end rule as applied to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Participants were 30 inactive men ( M age = 27.9, SD =  5.2 years). In the first session they performed a graded exercise test on cycle-ergometer to determine their maximal aerobic power (MAP) ( M = 233, SD = 35W); and, in the second and third sessions, they performed two HIIE protocols in randomized order: (a) Short trial – 20-minutes of HIIE, composed of 30-second efforts at 100% of MAP interspersed by 30-seconds of passive recovery; and (b) Long trial – 20-minutes of the short trial, plus 10-minutes more of HIIE, decreasing 3% of MAP in each additional bout, resulting in 70% of MAP in the last bout. During exercise, we recorded the participants’ rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect, using the Feeling Scale (FS). At 30-minutes post-exercise, we again recorded the participants’ affect, using the Global Affect Evaluation (GAE) and their session-RPE, and we recorded their enjoyment, using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). In the last session, the participants chose a favorite protocol to repeat. All sessions were interspersed by at least 72 hours. The 10-minutes extra HIIE in the Long-trial condition resulted decreased heart rate values ( M = 157, SD = 13bpm to M = 144, SD = 14bpm; p < 0.001), but psychological responses during and after exercise did not differ, nor did participants’ preferred HIIE protocol. As the load drop for the Long-trial was not enough to change the psychological responses during exercise, there was no difference in the retrospective evaluation as the peak-end rule would have suggested.

Prescribing high-intensity interval exercise by rating of perceived exertion in young individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela R. MARÇAL ◽  
Pedro G. FALQUEIRO ◽  
Bianca FERNANDES ◽  
Awassi Y. NGOMANE ◽  
Vanessa T. AMARAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Prescribing high-intensity interval exercise by RPE in individuals with type 2 diabetes: metabolic and hemodynamic responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Aparecida Viana ◽  
Bianca Fernandes ◽  
Cristian Alvarez ◽  
Guilherme Veiga Guimarães ◽  
Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

We tested the hypothesis that rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a tool as efficient as the heart rate (HR) response to the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and that metabolic and hemodynamic response to HIIE is superior than to continuous moderate-intensity exercise (MICE) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Eleven participants (age = 52.3 ± 3 years) underwent HIIE prescribed and self-regulated by RPE (HIIERPE; 25 min), HIIE prescribed and regulated by an individual’s HR response to CPX (HIIEHR; 25 min), MICE prescribed and self-regulated by RPE (30 min) and control (30 min of seated resting) intervention in random order. HR, blood pressure (BP), capillary glucose, endothelial reactivity, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were assessed before, immediately after, and 45 min after each intervention. Exercise HR, speed, and distance were measured during exercise sessions. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP was measured after each intervention. Exercise HR, speed, and distance were similar between HIIERPE and HIIEHR. BP response was not different among HIIERPE, HIIEHR, and MICE. Capillary glycaemia reduction was greater (P < 0.05) after HIIERPE (48.6 ± 9.6 mg/dL) and HIIEHR (47.2 ± 9.5 mg/dL) than MICE (29.5 ± 11.5 mg/dL). Reduction (P < 0.05) in 24-h (6.7 ± 2.2 mm Hg) and tendency toward reduction (P = 0.06) in daytime systolic (7.0 ± 2.5 mm Hg) ambulatory BP were found only after HIIERPE. These results suggest that HIIE is superior to MICE for reducing glycaemia and ambulatory BP, and that the 6–20 RPE scale is a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating HIIE in individuals with T2DM.

Cardiometabolic and Perceptual Responses to Body-Weight Resistance High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Boys

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Ricci ◽  
Todd A. Astorino ◽  
Katharine D. Currie ◽  
Karin A. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Peak Heart Rate ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The majority of studies examining children’s responses to high-intensity interval exercise primarily utilized running; however, this modality does not require/include other important aspects of physical activity including muscular fitness. Purpose: To compare acute responses between a body weight resistance exercise circuit (CIRC) and treadmill-based (TM) high-intensity interval exercise. Method: A total of 17 boys (age = 9.7 [1.3] y) completed a graded exercise test to determine peak heart rate, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and maximal aerobic speed. Sessions were randomized and counterbalanced. CIRC required 2 sets of 30-second maximal repetitions of 4 exercises. TM included eight 30-second bouts of running at 100% maximal aerobic speed. Both included 30-second active recovery between bouts. Blood lactate concentration was measured preexercise and postexercise. Rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment were recorded preexercise, after intervals 3 and 6, and postexercise. Results: Participants attained 88% (5%) peak heart rate and 74% (9%) VO2peak for CIRC and 89% (4%) peak heart rate and 81% (6%) VO2peak for TM, with a significant difference in percentage of VO2peak (P = .003) between protocols. Postexercise blood lactate concentration was higher following CIRC (5.0 [0.7] mM) versus TM (2.0 [0.3] mM) (P < .001). Rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment responses did not differ between protocols (P > .05). Conclusion: HR responses were near maximal during CIRC, supporting that this body-weight circuit is representative of high-intensity interval exercise.

Positive Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Four High-Intensity Interval Exercise Protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-765
Author(s):  
Marcelo Marques ◽  
Elaine Alves ◽  
Nayana Henrique ◽  
Emerson Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Several variables can be manipulated to compose high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols, and these different combinations may evoke different psychological responses (affect, enjoyment, mood, and perceived exertion). This study investigated psychological responses during four HIIE protocols. Following anthropometric measurements and two maximal exercise tests, 23 physically inactive adults (11 males [ Mage = 25.6, SD =  4.8 years; Mbody mass = 68.5, SD =  12.2 kg; Mheight = 1.72, SD =  0.08 m] and 12 females [ Mage = 25.0, SD = 3.5 years; Mbody mass = 57.2, SD =  8.7 kg; Mheight = 1.59, SD = 0.06 m]) performed four different types of HIIE on different days: (a) Long-interval HIIE (HIIEL—10 × 60 seconds:60 seconds), (b) Short-interval HIIE (HIIES—2 blocks of 10 × 30 seconds:30 seconds with 120 seconds between blocks), (c) Repeated Sprint Training (19 × 6 seconds all out:40 seconds), and (d) Sprint Interval Training (4 × 30 seconds all-out efforts: 240 seconds). We used a final session to assess participants’ HIIE preference. We recorded participant reports of affect, mood, and perceived exertion throughout protocols, and we recorded enjoyment after exercise session. Perceived exertion significantly increased across all HIIE protocols ( p <  .001), with higher values in the first quartile during Sprint Interval Training versus HIIEL ( p =  .033). Affective response presented higher values pre-exercise and at the first quartile compared with all other moments ( p <  .001). Tension ( p <  .001) and depression ( p =  .013) decreased from pre- to post-exercise in all experimental conditions. At pre-exercise, female participants were tenser than males ( p =  .018), though males presented higher pre-exercise vigor scores than females ( p =  .023). Vigor increased over time for females ( p =  .022). Enjoyment did not vary between sexes or protocols. Participants expressed a higher preference for Repeated Sprint Training. HIIE protocols promoted positive psychological responses for physically inactive young adults, and exercise designs may modulate psychological responses.

scholarly journals Post-exercise hypotension in response to high-intensity interval exercise: Potential mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 797-799
Author(s):  
Raphael José Perrier-Melo ◽  
Antônio Henrique Germano-Soares ◽  
Aline Freitas Brito ◽  
Iago Vilela Dantas ◽  
Manoel da Cunha Costa
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Post Exercise Hypotension

High-intensity interval exercise promotes post-exercise hypotension of greater magnitude compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia C. Pimenta ◽  
Fábio Tanil Montrezol ◽  
Victor Zuniga Dourado ◽  
Luís Fernando Marcelino da Silva ◽  
Gabriela Alves Borba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Post Exercise Hypotension

scholarly journals The Feasibility of Implementing High-Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation Settings: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Way ◽  
Sol Vidal-Almela ◽  
Marja-Leena Keast ◽  
Harleen Hans ◽  
Andrew L. Pipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notwithstanding the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adherence to CR remains low, particularly in women. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has received specific attention as an emerging exercise-training paradigm that addresses frequently cited barriers to CR (i.e. lack of motivation/enjoyment and time, perceiving exercise regime as tiring/boring) and improves cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have examined the safety of HIIT in CR; there is little evidence on the feasibility of HIIT in CR. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of HIIT within a CR setting and examine the sex differences regarding the feasibility of such programming. Methods: Patients attended an on-site HIIT CR program (10-minute warm-up, 25 minutes of interspersed high [HI - 4 minutes at 85-95% HRpeak] and low [LO - 3 minutes at 60-70% HRpeak] intervals, 10-minute cool-down) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Heart rate (HR) and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale (6-20 points) were recorded at each session. Feasibility was assessed by: (1) attendance and compliance: the number of sessions attended and the compliance to the prescribed HI and LO HR ranges; (2) the patient experience: patients’ perceived effort, program difficulty, if the program was challenging and satisfying; and, (3) safety. Descriptive statistics were used to report the means and their variations. Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine sex-differences. Results: A total of 151 patients (33% women, 57.5 ± 9.1 years) attended the HIIT program and completed 16±5 classes with a low attrition rate (11.3%). Most patients met or exceeded the prescribed target HR for the HI (80%) and LO (84%) intervals, respectively. Patients reported a “somewhat hard” RPE for HI (14 ± 2) and “very light” for LO (10 ± 2) intervals. All patients were satisfied with the program and found it challenging. Most patients found HIIT to be difficult (7 ± 2 points, scale range 0-10 points), yet safe (97%). Three vasovagal episodes occurred and more women dropped-out of the program than men (p<0.01). Conclusions: HIIT is a feasible, safe and well-received exercise paradigm in a CR setting.

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