Deaf versus Hearing Subjects’ Recall of Words on a Distraction Task as a Function of the Signability of the Words

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047
Author(s):  
Stacie Spencer ◽  
J. Alexander Dale ◽  
Herbert L. Klions
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Distraction Task

Subjects, including 17 deaf and 10 hearing students in Grades 11 and 12, completed a test for memory of lists of 6 words (presented visually for 10 sec.). Subjects recalled the words in writing after a distracting task of adding pairs of digits for 10 sec. Word lists are categorized as signable with a single sign, compound or combination of signs, or finger-spelling signs only. Hearing subjects recalled significantly more words in each category than did deaf subjects. Deaf subjects recalled significantly more single-signed words than either of the other two categories. Deaf subjects did not recall more compound/combination signed words than words that could only be finger-spelled. Hearing subjects also recalled significantly more single-signed words than either of the other two categories and were not superior in either of the other categories.

scholarly journals Memory for non-painful auditory items is influenced by whether they are experienced in a context involving painful electrical stimulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Vogt ◽  
Caroline M. Norton ◽  
Lauren E. Speer ◽  
Joshua J. Tremel ◽  
James W. Ibinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Context ◽  
Word Lists

AbstractIn this study, we sought to examine the effect of pain on memory. Subjects heard a series of words and made categorization decisions in two different contexts. One context included painful shocks administered just after presentation of some of the words; the other context involved no shocks. For the context that included painful stimulations, every other word was followed by a shock and subjects were informed to expect this pattern. Word lists were repeated three times within each context in randomized order, with different category judgments but consistent pain-word pairings. After a brief delay, recognition memory was assessed. Non-pain words from the pain context were less strongly encoded than non-pain words from the completely pain-free context. An important accompanying finding is that response times to repeated experimental items were slower for non-pain words from the pain context, compared to non-pain words from the completely pain-free context. This demonstrates that the effect of pain on memory may generalize to non-pain items experienced in the same experimental context.

Portuguese and Other European Missionaries in Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 363-392
Author(s):  
Joseph Abraham Levi
Keyword(s):  
Daily Basis ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Summary This study looks at some of the works produced by Catholic missionaries in Africa from the pre-dawn of the Modern Era (Fall of Constantinople, 1453), in particular the Fall of Ceuta (1415), to the Berlin Conference (1884–1885). Particular emphasis will be placed on the linguistic production of a few Franciscan, Augustinian, Capuchin, Dominican, and/or Jesuit clerics, working under the aegis of the Portuguese Crown, who – with the invaluable help of native assistants, usually members of the clergy or closely affiliated with the Church – compiled the first grammars, word lists, glossaries, and dictionaries of the indigenous languages with which they worked and interacted on a daily basis. Their endeavour, though meritorious and not always free from preconceived ideas of the ‘other’, paved the way for future studies in the field.

scholarly journals Efeitos da instrução articulatória das vogais médias baixas do português (L3) no espanhol (L1) e no inglês (L2): um estudo de caso

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Leticia Pereyron ◽  
Ubiratã Kickhöfel Alves
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Complex Dynamic System ◽  
Language System ◽  
Formal Instruction ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Data Collections

Following a Complex Dynamic System account (de Bot, 2017), this study addresses the assumption that changes in an additional language system may account for the co-occurrence of changes in the previously learned languages. Departing from this assumption, a longitudinal study was conducted with a learner (L1 Spanish) who had been residing in Brazil (L2: English; L3: Brazilian Portuguese) at the time of the study. The instruction took place throughout 4 months and had a communicative and articulatory approach on the Portuguese open vowels. The data collections consisted of recordings of the reading of word lists in the three languages, conducted before, during and after the instructional period, totaling 5 recordings. The findings of the longitudinal study provided evidence to the premise that alterations in the L3 system (Brazilian Portuguese), accelerated by formal instruction, may cause alterations in the production of the vowels of the other languages, due to the interrelation among the language systems of this multilingual speaker.

The Effects of Different Frequency Responses on Sound Quality Judgments and Speech Intelligibility

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alf Gabrielsson ◽  
Bo N. Schenkman ◽  
Björn Hagerman
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Music Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Lower Frequencies

Four speech programs and two music programs were reproduced using five different frequency responses: one flat and the others combinations of reductions at lower frequencies and/or increases at higher frequencies. Twelve hearing impaired (HI) and 8 normal hearing (NH) subjects listened monaurally to the reproductions at comfortable listening level and judged the sound quality on seven perceptual scales and a scale for total impression. Speech intelligibility was measured for phonetically balanced (PB) word lists and for sentences in noise. Significant differences among the reproductions appeared in practically all scales. The most preferred system was characterized by a fiat response at lower frequencies and a 6 dB/octave increase thereafter. There were certain differences between the NH and HI listeners in the judgments of the other systems. The intelligibility of PB word lists did not differ among the systems, and the S/N threshold for the sentences in noise only distinguished the flat response as worse than all others for the HI listeners. There was little correspondence between intelligibility measures and sound quality measures. The latter provided more information and distinctions among systems.

Effects of Prior Phonotactic Knowledge on Infant Word Segmentation: The Case of Nonadjacent Dependencies

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez ◽  
Thierry Nazzi
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Word Segmentation ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Head Turn ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Nonadjacent Dependencies ◽  
New Evidence

Purpose In this study, the authors explored whether French-learning infants use nonadjacent phonotactic regularities in their native language, which they learn between the ages of 7 and 10 months, to segment words from fluent speech. Method Two groups of 20 French-learning infants were tested using the head-turn preference procedure at 10 and 13 months of age. In Experiment 1, infants were familiarized with 2 passages: 1 containing a target word with a frequent nonadjacent phonotactic structure and the other containing a target word with an infrequent nonadjacent phonotactic structure in French. During the test phase, infants were presented with 4 word lists: 2 containing the target words presented during familiarization and 2 other control words with the same phonotactic structure. In Experiment 2, the authors retested infants' ability to segment words with the infrequent phonotactic structure. Results Ten- and 13-month-olds were able to segment words with the frequent phonotactic structure, but it is only by 13 months, and only under the circumstances of Experiment 2, that infants could segment words with the infrequent phonotactic structure. Conclusion These results provide new evidence showing that infant word segmentation is influenced by prior nonadjacent phonotactic knowledge.

The Disruptive Effect of an Irrelevant Message in Dichotic Listening to Word-Lists

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-484
Author(s):  
C. M. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Prose Passage ◽  
Word Lists

The results of previous experiments suggest that when listeners are asked to repeat back prose arriving at one ear, their performance is unaffected by the presence (in the other ear) of another independent prose passage in the same voice and of equal intensity. In the present study dichotic messages were employed in which the words were presented quasi-simultaneously and were not connected in meaning. Considerable performance decrement was found from a message on the irrelevant ear even if that message was less intense than that on the relevant ear. Different kinds of error occur, but the principle form of error is a response which is incorrect but nevertheless clearly related to the word presented to the relevant ear. The results extend the findings of Treisman (1967, 1970) who found considerable interference in dichotic listening to pairs of words exactly matched for time of onset; and suggest a general difficulty of selective attention when non-prose material is used.

scholarly journals A New Tool for Equating Lexical Stimuli Across Experimental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Nathaniel Lintz ◽  
Phui Cheng Lim ◽  
Matthew Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Stimulus Word ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Lexical Effects ◽  
Word Lists

Extensive work in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics has demonstrated that lexical characteristics are capable of driving large effects, however when word lists serve a utility function and are intended to be unrelated to the effect of interest such as in most working memory or long-term memory paradigms, it is critical to control for these potentially confounding lexical effects. As an alternative to randomly assigning word bank items to stimulus lists, we present LIBRA, a MATLAB-based toolbox for quickly generating stimulus word lists of user-determined length and number, which can be closely equated on an arbitrary number of lexical properties. The toolbox comprises two scripts; one is the main genetic algorithm that performs the inter-list balancing, and the other provides functionality for filtering/trimming long omnibus word lists based on several simple criteria, prior to balancing. We demonstrate that relying on purely randomized procedures often results in substantially unbalanced experimental conditions. In contrast, our method guarantees that the lists used for each experimental condition contain no meaningful differences, and thus that the lexical characteristics of the specific words used will add an absolute minimum of bias/noise to the experiment in which they are applied.

scholarly journals Phonetics and Phonology Paradox in Levantine Arabic: An Analytical Evaluation of Arabic Geminates’ Hypocrisy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mahmoud Saidat ◽  
Jamal A. Khlifat
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analytical Evaluation ◽  
Phonological Process ◽  
Obligatory Contour Principle ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Levantine Arabic ◽  
Acoustic Analyses

This paper explores the phonetic and phonological paradox between two categories of Levantine-Arabic long consonants—known as geminates by looking closely at the hypocrite Arabic geminates. Hypocrite geminates are phonetically long segments in a sequence that are not contrastive. The paper seeks to demonstrate that Arabic geminates can be classified into two categories—true vs. fake geminates—based on the phonological process of inseparability and the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP). Thirty Levantine Arabic speakers have taken part in this case study. Fifteen participants were asked to utter a group of stimuli where the two types of geminates interact with the surrounding phonological environment. The other fifteen participants were recorded while reading target word lists that contained geminate consonants and medial singleton preceded by short and long consonants and engaging in naturalistic conversations. Auditory and acoustic analyses of long consonants were made. Results from the word lists indicated that while Arabic true geminates embrace the phonological process of inseparability, Arabic fake geminates do not. The case study also shows that the OCP seems to bridge the contradiction between these two categories of Arabic geminates.

scholarly journals The Phonological Influence of Ethnic Community Languages in Learning Kiswahili, a Case of Kinyakyusa in Mbeya, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Godson Robert Mtallo ◽  
Harid Andrew Mwambula
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Word Lists

It is noted that one language may have an influence in learning the other language. This influence may be vividly seen in different aspects such as phonology, morphosyntax as well as lexis. This paper focuses on investigating how the Ethnic Community Languages, henceforth ECLs, can phonologically influence the learning process of Kiswahili language. Kinyakyusa was taken as a sample to represent other Ecls in Tanzania to see its phonological influence in Learning Kiswahili. The study employed word lists, in depth interview and observations as data collection techniques. The findings revealed that, phonologically, speech sounds that are similar in Kinyakyusa and Kiswahili as a second language such as /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, /s/ were easily learned. Learners were faced with some difficulties in pronouncing some utterances  that are not found in Kinyakyusa but exist in Kiswahili. For instance, voiced alveolar trill sound /r/ was pronounced as voiced alveolar lateral sound /l/, voiceless dental fricative sound  /θ/ was pronounced as voiceless alveolar fricative sound /s/.

Compensatory Physiologic Phonetics for the Glossectomee

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madge Skelly ◽  
Diane J. Spector ◽  
Robert C. Donaldson ◽  
Armand Brodeur ◽  
Francis X. Paletta
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Word Lists

Compensatory articulation patterns on the glossal phonemes were developed clinically in a study of 14 total and 11 partial glossectomees. Successful compensations were examined by cinefluorography. Patterns differed between total and partial glossectomees, with the latter making adaptive movements of the tongue stump, and the former using substitute mandibular, labial, buccal, and palatal movements with among-patient consistency in relation to developing intelligibility. On admission the partial glossectomees ranged between 6 and 24% intelligibility, as measured by CID W-22 PB word lists, and shifted after the therapy sequence to a range of 24 to 46%. The total glossectomees ranged from 0 to 8% intelligibility on admission, and shifted to a range of 18 to 42% in the program. The six total glossectomees who made no progress were all dysphagics; the other patients, none of whom exhibited dysphagia, all achieved some improvement in intelligibility.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document