Class, Gender, and Utopian Community: In Memory of Erik Olin Wright

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-524
Author(s):  
Gay W. Seidman
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Utopian Community ◽  
Industrial Societies

This essay, written in memory of Erik Olin Wright (1947–2019), explores Wright’s shift from a decades-long effort to map class structures in industrial societies to a search for paths to a more egalitarian future, pointing to the key role of feminist theory in that shift.

Doing Tricks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Borba
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Business Transaction ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Social Scientific

Sex work has long been of interest to a variety of fields, among them anthropology, sociology, public health, and feminist theory, to name but a few. However, with very few exceptions, sociolinguistics seems to have ignored the fact that commercial sex, as an intersubjective business transaction, is primarily negotiated in embodied linguistic interaction. By reviewing publications in distinct social scientific areas that directly or indirectly discuss the role of language in the sex industry, this chapter critically assesses the analytical affordances and methodological challenges for a sociolinguistics of sex work. It does so by discussing the “tricks” played by sex work, as a power-infused context of language use in which issues of agency (or lack thereof) are paramount, on sociolinguistic theory and methods. The chapter concludes that the study of language in commercial sex venues is sociolinguistically promising and epistemologically timely.

scholarly journals Ibsen’s The Pillars of Society: Female Protest against Patriarchy

NUTA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Arjun Dev Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Patriarchal Power ◽  
The Voice

This study explores social relationship between male and female in Henrik Ibsen’s play “The Pillars of Society”. The first part of the study analyzes a sexist society in which male characters subjugate females through their hegemonic power. The female characters appear meek, submissive and voiceless. The second part of this study examines the revolutionary role of the female characters who raise their voice against all-pervasive patriarchal power. They protest against male formulated institutions which have kept women voiceless and marginalized. Being dissatisfied with the defenders of patriarchal status quo, Ibsen’s female protagonists come to the fore to challenge prevailing social conviction about femininity and domesticity. They lead a crusade to establish their position and identity as human beings equal to men. In this play, the female characters Lona, Martha and Dina hold a revolutionary banner to protest against male domination of female. In their constant struggle, they win while the male characters become loser. This study analyses the voice of these leading female characters in the light of feminist theory proposed by scholars such as Kete Millett and Sylvia Walby.

11. Gender and feminist criminology

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Ugwudike
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Female Crime ◽  
Radical Feminist ◽  
Feminist Criminology ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
Gender And Crime ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
Feminist Epistemologies

This chapter examines the origins, definitions, and principles of feminist criminology. It begins with a discussion of the main theoretical traditions that underpin feminist criminology, namely liberal feminist theory, radical feminist theory, Marxist feminist theory, and socialist feminist theory. It then considers feminist epistemologies such as feminist empiricism, standpoint feminism, and postmodern feminism, as well as the intersections between gender and other structures of disadvantage. It also evaluates the interrelationships between gender and crime by addressing feminist explanations of female crime and masculinities studies of male crime, along with the role of gender in the criminal justice system. The chapter concludes by analysing feminist criminologists' criticisms of what they describe as the androcentricism of mainstream criminological theories as well as some of the key criticisms against feminist perspectives on gender and crime.

Negotiations between progressive and ‘traditional’ expressions of masculinity among young Australian men

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Men And Masculinities ◽  
Late Modern

This article draws on feminist theory and critical studies on men and masculinities to explore expressions of masculinity among young, relatively privileged men between the ages of 20 and 29 in Australia. Narrative interviews conducted with these men in 2014 revealed assertions of progressive attitudes alongside reworkings of more hegemonic expressions of masculinity. In particular, participants demonstrated distancing from ideas of protest masculinity and spoke of iterations of softer masculinities in relation to their work lives and friendships. At the same time, they borrowed or co-opted aspects of a perceived version of protest masculinity, such as ‘hard work for hard bodies’. Through such practices and beliefs, participants could juggle contradictory requirements of masculinity in late modernity and perpetuate more privileged modes of masculinity. This article argues that sociological attention must continue to be focused on ongoing, privileged expressions of masculinity, even as encouraging changes emerge in late modern, post-industrial societies.

Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammelte Schriften

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Party Systems ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Post War ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Selection Of

The fifth volume in this six-volume collection of Otto Kirchheimer’s (1905–1965) works is entitled Politische Systeme im Nachkriegseuropa (Political Systems in post-war Europe) and contains 34 works by Kirchheimer, published between 1950 and 1967, on changes to political orders in modern industrial societies. Geographically, these studies focus not only on the Federal Republic of Germany but also on developments in other Western European democracies, the USA and the GDR. In these writings, Kirchheimer pays particular attention to changes in the party systems in these countries, the changing role of the parliamentary opposition, the calculated influence of associations and interest groups, the intensification of bureaucracy and the strengthening of the executive, and the political attitudes and expectations of citizens in modern democracies. In addition, this volume contains a comprehensive bibliography of all Kirchheimer’s published works plus a selection of his unpublished writings. This book will appeal to all those interested in politics, law, contemporary history and sociology.

Some Thoughts on the System of Tasks of the Local Autonomies Related to the Organisation of Personal Social Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
István Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Short Description ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

In the modern post-industrial societies services are becoming the greatest part of the economy, and through the reallocating role of state – even after the millennium changes – the role of the services organised by the communities is exceptionally high. One of these services is the social care granted by the state and (its parts) the local governments. In my article I summarise the roles of local communities and local governments of some European and non-European states in the organisation of social care. The practical and theoretical legal terms of social assistance and personal social services are presented as well as the general characteristics of models (settlement or regional municipality based) of the organisation of the services. There is also a short description of general financing issues.

scholarly journals The Rise of the Insecure Professionals

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Nottingham
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Industrial Societies

The role of professions in the development of advanced industrial societies has long been recognized – for example, by Harold Perkin. However, the focus has been on the higher professions. Other professions have usually been dealt with as imperfect variants, with Etzioni, typically, referring to nurses, schoolteachers, and social workers as “semi-professions”. However, by conceptualizing such professions as social formations in their own right, as ladders of social mobility, and in terms of their permanent social and professional insecurity, it is possible to create a different picture both of their internal dynamics and broader influence. Members of such groups fostered types of social and political activity that became a recognisable feature of developed societies. Moreover, an appreciation of the distinctive ideational and professional contribution of insecure professions can offer a perspective on a number of the major concerns of social historians. The argument is illustrated by reference to the development of such professions mainly in England and Scotland.

Saving the Victim: Recuperating the Language of the Victim and Reassessing Global Feminism

Hypatia ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne McLeer
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Global Feminism

This paper reconsiders the use of the term “victim” in feminist theory to attempt to find common ground for the intersection and interconnection of Western and indigenous feminisms. The role of the victim in the discourse of victimology, a branch of criminology, is assessed and applied to the work of Rajeswari Sunder Rajan and Lata Mani who both examine the construction of women's subjectivity in the practice of “sati” in India.

scholarly journals Sleep/wake synchronization across latitude

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Martín-Olalla
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Standard Population ◽  
Late Event ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Time Use Surveys

Analysis of time use surveys in seventeen European countries and two American countries suggest that the winter sunrise —the latest sunrise year round— is a synchronizer for the sleep/wake cycle in standard population below 54° latitude, in competition with the noon synchronizer.When comparing industrialized data to data from hunter/gatherer, pre-industrial, Tropical societies only the late event survives as a synchronizer below 54° latitude. People rise immediately before sunrise —winter sunrise in industrialized mid-latitude societies— and abhor morning darkness. Synchronization propagates through the sleep/wake cycle so that people go to bed with increasing distance to sunset in winter as latitude increases in a scenario dominated by artificial light. This suggests a leading role of the homeostatic sleep pressure in understanding sleep/wake cycle at social level.WARNINGThis pre-print has been largely upgraded and restyled in “Sleep timing in industrial and pre-industrial societies sync to the light/dark cycle” (https://doi.org/10.1101/392035). In this new pre-print data coming from the Harmonsized European Time Use Surveys (HETUS) and referred to the “sleep/wake and other personal care” cycle were not analyzed. Instead two new pre-industrial data are included.Therefore this old pre-print you are about to read remains as a source for these data (see Figure 3 and Table III, Table VII to IX) and a source of information in the range of latitude above 54°.

scholarly journals A sisterhood of letters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Niineste
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
The Future ◽  
Feminist Theories

Solidarity has been a key topic for feminist thinkers of different times, schools and places. More than other disciplines, feminist theorists have dwelled upon the role of theory in the achievement of political and social goals. Calls for global sisterhood have incited proliferating debates as to the basis for solidarity between women and feminists. Theoretical disputes arising from the spread of deconstructionist ideas since the 1990s have led to a practical perplexity as to how to set feminist political goals if the category of woman is no longer straightforward. This article looks at how expectations for practical usefulness have resonated in feminist debates on solidarity and, drawing on Paul Ricoeur’s ideas of textuality and interpretation, reflects on the process of interaction between feminist theory and feminism as a social movement. It argues that in spite of the apparent lack of unanimity, or even outright hostility, that theoretical controversies might seem to indicate, the multiplicity of viewpoints and positions that various feminist theories collectively entail is a necessary vehicle for creating more solidarity between women in and outside academia in the contemporary world. Looking towards the future of feminist theory, the article invokes the metaphor of a sisterhood of letters to reflect on the value of shared intellectual endeavour in building solidarities between women of different social, racial, religious and cultural backgrounds.

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