Negotiations between progressive and ‘traditional’ expressions of masculinity among young Australian men

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Men And Masculinities ◽  
Late Modern

This article draws on feminist theory and critical studies on men and masculinities to explore expressions of masculinity among young, relatively privileged men between the ages of 20 and 29 in Australia. Narrative interviews conducted with these men in 2014 revealed assertions of progressive attitudes alongside reworkings of more hegemonic expressions of masculinity. In particular, participants demonstrated distancing from ideas of protest masculinity and spoke of iterations of softer masculinities in relation to their work lives and friendships. At the same time, they borrowed or co-opted aspects of a perceived version of protest masculinity, such as ‘hard work for hard bodies’. Through such practices and beliefs, participants could juggle contradictory requirements of masculinity in late modernity and perpetuate more privileged modes of masculinity. This article argues that sociological attention must continue to be focused on ongoing, privileged expressions of masculinity, even as encouraging changes emerge in late modern, post-industrial societies.

Self and Body

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Sassatelli
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Specific Configuration ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Late Modern

This article investigates the historical formation and specific configuration of a threefold relation crucial to contemporary society, that between the body, the self, and material culture, which, in contemporary, late modern (or post-industrial) societies, has become largely defined through consumer culture. Drawing on historiography, sociology, and anthropology, it explores how, from the early modern period, the consolidation of new consumption patterns and values has given way to particular visions of the human being as a consumer, and how, in turn, the consumer has become a cultural battlefield for the management of body and self. The article also discusses tastes, habitus, and individualization.

The Return of Nature: Feminism, Hegemonic Masculinities, and New Materialisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Materialisms ◽  
Men And Masculinities

It has generally been taken for granted within the field of Critical Studies of Men and Masculinities (CSMM) that the object of attention and concern is to be found within “the social” and in opposition to naturalizing claims about gender. Nature is not entirely absent from CSMM, often appearing either as malleable material or as a stable basis for the social construction of bodies. In this article, however, I suggest that the time is ripe to develop new concepts of nature by drawing on new materialist theories that are increasingly influential within feminist theory. This move opens up the possibility of strengthening the connections between materialist traditions in CSMM and contemporary developments in feminist theory. This article proceeds by reviewing different forms of materialism within feminist theory and argues that new materialist theories offer insights that can benefit CSMM. In particular, I argue that the theory of hegemonic masculinity needs to be expanded beyond the framework of patriarchy and recast in relation to the place of nature in the complex ecology of human social relations.

Post-Industrial model of Society, Education and science in Philosophical concepts of Radical Pedagogy in the context of Globalization for the Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Viktor Zinchenko ◽  
Nataliia Krokhmal ◽  
Оlha Horpynych ◽  
Nataliia Fialko
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Theory Theory ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Security Education ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

Critical theory of education should be based on a critical theory of society, which is conceptually analyzes the features of actually existing industrial and post-industrial societies and their relations of domination and subordination (oppression), conflict and the prospects for progressive social change and transformative practices that make projects more complete, freer life and democratic society. Criticality theory means a way of seeing and understanding, building categories, making connections, reflection and participation in practice theory, theory of withdrawal of social practice.This term contains an element of emancipation, liberation and self-determination of the oppressed and exploited masses, recognizing that people are socially excluded from the material security, education and decision-making can share vidrefleksuvaty their situation, realize that it is unauthorized again, and realize that they must organize themselves in order to change the structure of society.

Disappointing poverty trends: is the social investment state to blame?

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Vandenbroucke ◽  
Koen Vleminckx
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
The Eu

Should we explain the disappointing outcomes of the Open Method of Co-ordination on Inclusion by methodological weaknesses or by substantive contradictions in the ‘social investment’ paradigm? To clarify the underlying concepts, we first revisit the original ‘Lisbon inspiration’ and then relate it to the idea of the ‘new welfare state’, as proposed in the literature on new risks in post-industrial societies. We then discuss two explanations for disappointing poverty trends, suggested by critical accounts of the ‘social investment state’: ‘resource competition’ and a ‘re-commodification’. We do not find these explanations convincing per se and conclude that the jury is still out on the ‘social investment state’. However, policy-makers cannot ignore the failure of employment policies to reduce the proportion of children and working-age adults living in jobless households in the EU, and they should not deny the reality of a ‘trilemma of activation’. Finally, we identify policy conditions that may facilitate the complementarity of social investment and social inclusion.

scholarly journals An impact of the distance on grandparental childcare: A comparative study conducted in Russia, the United States, and Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna Semenova ◽  
◽  
Marina Lvovna Butovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
R Software ◽  
Grandparental Childcare ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Societies

We tested this prediction on data collected in three cultural contexts of modern post-industrial societies. Quantitative data on the frequency of grandparental involvement in childcare were collected via a set of online surveys conducted in 2019 in Russia, the United States, and Brazil (N= 1531) and analyzed in R software. The current research was also focused on the analysis of the impact of the distance between households on the frequency of kinship assistance in childcare. Results. We found significant cross-cultural universalizes: 1) the distance between households negatively affects the frequency of help; 2) the care of the maternal grandparents is significantly higher than the care of the paternal grandparents. Discussion. In this study we found that the distance between households and family kin side have stable significant impact on the grandparental help cross-culturally. At the same time, it was shown that grandparental help in childcare is significantly reduced in Brazil compared to the other two studied countries. The phenomenon of reduced kin help in Brazil is an important finding and requires further research by evolutionary psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists.

An unlevel playing field: national income estimates and reciprocal comparison in global economic history

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Jerven
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global History ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies

AbstractIf we take recent income per capita estimates at face value, they imply that the average medieval European was at least five times ‘better off’ than the average Congolese today. This raises important questions regarding the meaning and applicability of national income estimates throughout time and space, and their use in the analysis of global economic history over the long term. This article asks whether national income estimates have a historical and geographical specificity that renders the ‘data’ increasingly unsuitable and misleading when assessed outside a specific time and place. Taking the concept of ‘reciprocal comparison’ as a starting point, it further questions whether national income estimates make sense in pre-and post-industrial societies, in decentralized societies, and in polities outside the temperate zone. One of the major challenges in global history is Eurocentrism. Resisting the temptation to compare the world according to the most conventional development measure might be a recommended step in overcoming this bias.

Building a safe and confident future: Social work reform in England and late modernity

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Martyn Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Work Education ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Work Education ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
Modern Thinking

Since 2009 social work has undergone significant changes. However, it remains unclear whether these reforms have reached a conclusion. There appears to exist a state of continuous reform, which may impede the opportunity to embed reform into social work education and practice. This paper aims to apply the theoretical model of late modernity to social work in England. Using this approach may offer a way to understand social work reforms as a feature of contemporary societies rather than a situation unique to English social work. The paper applies late modern thinking on risk, pedagogy and ambivalence to make sense of the change process in social work. Finally, a proposal to engage critically with social work reform is sketched out. The key message of this paper is that social work reform in England can be seen as a response to the dilemmas of late modern society. It attempts to eliminate risk in social work education and practice. However, this goal is doomed to failure and social work reform can be seen as stuck within a cycle of reform and change.Keywords: social work reform, late modernity, risk, pedagogy, ambivalence, irony

Obesity: An Evolutionary Perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin I.M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Late Palaeolithic

The brain consumes about 20 per cent of the total energy intake in human adults. Primates, and especially humans, have unusually large brains for body size compared with other vertebrates, and fuelling these is a significant drain on both time and energy. Larger-brained primates generally eat fruit-intense diets, but human brains are so large that a reduction in gut size is needed to free up sufficient resources to allow a larger brain to be evolved, placing further pressure on foraging. The early invention of cooking increased nutrient absorption by around 30 per cent over raw food. Increasing digestibility in this way perhaps inevitably leads to risk of obesity when food is super-abundant, as it is in post-industrial societies. However, obesity has clearly been around for a long time, as suggested by the late Palaeolithic Venus figures of Europe, so it is not a novel problem.

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