scholarly journals Sex and Emotion Regulation Difficulties Contribute to Depression in Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412091880
Author(s):  
Janelle Welkie ◽  
Dara E. Babinski ◽  
Kristina A. Neely
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Many young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for depression. Yet, questions remain about factors associated with the development of depression in young adults with ADHD. This study examined the effects of sex and emotion regulation difficulties on depression in a sample of young adults with ( n =  172) and without ( n =  730) ADHD. Two aspects of emotion regulation difficulties were examined—impairments in emotional insight (i.e., lack of emotional awareness, nonacceptance of emotion, and lack of emotional clarity) and impairments in behavioral response to emotion (i.e., impulse control difficulties, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies). Significant correlations between ADHD and all indices of emotion regulation difficulty emerged. Sex moderated the association between ADHD and lack of emotional awareness, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies. Specifically, ADHD was significantly associated with limited emotion regulation awareness for women but not men, while ADHD was associated with greater difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior and limited access to emotion regulation strategies for women compared to men. These three areas of emotion regulation dysfunction simultaneously mediated the association between ADHD and depression. The findings indicate the importance of considering emotion regulation and sex in understanding depression in young adults with ADHD.

scholarly journals Executive Functions and Emotion Regulation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Predescu ◽  
Roxana Sipos ◽  
Cristina A. Costescu ◽  
Anamaria Ciocan ◽  
Diana I. Rus
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Regulation Strategies

The main objective of this study is to investigate the multiple relations and to determine the differences between executive functions (EFs), emotion regulation, and behavioral and emotional problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), borderline intellectual disability (ID), and typical development (TD). The sample included 85 children aged 6 to 11 years, 42 with typical development (TD), 27 with ADHD, and 16 with borderline ID. The results emphasized a positive correlation between adaptive emotion regulation strategies and EFs, and no significant relations between the maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and EFs. In addition, the executive function of planning correlated negatively with anxiety, ADHD symptoms, and conduct problems. The performance of both clinical groups regarding EFs was significantly lower than that of the TD group, and they differed significantly from each other only on visual attention. The presence of oppositional-defiant and conduct problems was higher in both clinical groups than in the TD group, and more anxiety symptoms were reported in children with ADHD. This study supports the idea that emotion regulation, Efs, and clinical symptoms are interconnected. It also profiles the deficits in cognitive functioning and emotion regulation in two clinical groups, thus helping future intervention programs.

scholarly journals Risk of suicide attempts in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lin Huang ◽  
Han-Ting Wei ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Tung-Ping Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the risk of suicidal behaviours through psychiatric comorbidities; however, a significant direct association has not been observed between ADHD and suicide attempts.AimsTo evaluate the risk of suicide attempt in adolescents and young adults with ADHD.MethodUsing a nationwide, population-based insurance claims database, this longitudinal cohort study enrolled 20 574 adolescents and young adults with ADHD and 61 722 age- and gender-matched controls between 2001 and 2009. Any suicide attempt was identified from enrolment to 31 December 2011. The association between ADHD medications and the likelihood of suicide attempt was assessed.ResultsADHD was an independent risk factor for any suicide attempt (hazard ratio = 3.84, 95% CI = 3.19–4.62) and repeated suicide attempts (hazard ratio = 6.52, 95% CI = 4.46–9.53). Subgroup analyses of men, women, adolescents and young adults demonstrated the same trend. Methylphenidate or atomoxetine treatment did not increase the risk of suicide attempt or repeated suicide attempts. Long-term methylphenidate treatment was associated with a significantly decreased risk of repeated suicide attempts in men (hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22–0.97).ConclusionADHD was a risk factor for suicide attempt and a stronger predictor of repeated suicide attempts, independent of comorbidities. Further investigation is warranted to explore the mechanism underlying the association between ADHD and suicidal behaviours.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Emotion Regulation via the Autonomic Nervous System in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica D. Musser ◽  
Richard W. Backs ◽  
Colleen F. Schmitt ◽  
Jennifer C. Ablow ◽  
Jeffery R. Measelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder
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