Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Basic Psychological Needs Scale in three South African samples: A bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110252
Author(s):  
Amanda Cromhout ◽  
Lusilda Schutte ◽  
Marié P. Wissing
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Three Factor

The Basic Psychological Needs Scale (BPNS) is still being used but validation studies that applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the scale has inadequate psychometric properties. CFA is based upon restrictive statistical assumptions that may result in biased parameter estimates. There are statistical developments that overcome these limitations. This study explored the factorial validity of the scale in three South African student samples who completed the English ( n = 326), Afrikaans ( n = 478), or Setswana ( n = 260) version of the BPNS. CFA, bifactor CFA, exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) and bifactor ESEM were applied to the data. The three-factor bifactor ESEM model yielded the best fit, but model fit was inadequate for the English and Setswana versions, and almost adequate for the Afrikaans version. After removal of problematic items based on substantive reasons, high modification indices, and high expected parameter change values, reduced bifactor ESEM models displayed adequate fit. The general factor showed sufficient reliability scores for all language versions. Subscales exhibited insufficient reliability scores, except for the Competence and Relatedness subscales of the BPNS-Afrikaans. A reduced three-factor bifactor ESEM model was partially metric invariant for the English and Afrikaans groups. The BPNS-Afrikaans showed potential for use, but alternative measures of basic psychological needs should be considered for the English and Setswana groups in the current context. The cross-cultural application of basic psychological needs in a South African context is questioned. An emic approach to exploring and conceptualising basic psychological needs in African contexts is recommended.

scholarly journals The relationship between occupational culture dimensions and reward preferences: A structural equation modelling approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bussin ◽  
Michelle Nicholls ◽  
Ronel Nienaber
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Occupational Culture ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Employee Preferences ◽  
Culture Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modelling Approach

Orientation: Reward has links to employee attraction and retention and as such has a role to play in managing talent. However, despite a range of research, there is still lack of clarity on employee preferences relating to reward.Research purpose: The purpose of the research was to recommend and appraise a theoretical model of the relationship between occupational culture dimensions and reward preferences of specific occupational groups in the South African context.Motivation for the study: The motivation for this study was to address the gap that exists with reward preferences and occupational culture with a view to identifying and gaining insight into individual preferences.Research design, approach and method: A structural equation modelling approach was adopted in exploring the proposed relationships. A South African Information, Communication, and Technology (ICT) organisation served as the population, and a web-based survey assisted in gathering study data (n = 1362).Main findings: The findings provided support for the relationship between occupational culture dimensions and certain reward preferences. In particular, statistically significant results were obtained with the inclusion of the Environment, Team, and Time occupational culture dimensions as independent variables.Practical implications and value-add: The study provides workable input to organisations and reward professionals in the design of their reward strategies and programmes.Keywords: compensation; employee preferences; occupational culture; remuneration; reward preferences

scholarly journals Leading internal and external sources of credit risk in the top South African banks

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Tankiso Moloi
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
The South ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Indicator Model

This paper aimed at identifying the leading credit risk indicators in the South African banking context as well as the development of an integrated leading credit risk indicator model. A content analysis was used as a data extraction methodology and structural equation modelling was used as a data analysis methodology. The results obtained indicated that utilising the structural equation modelling, gross savings, and prime overdraft rates, number of judgements, business insolvencies and unemployment rates were formulated as leading economic and market (external) indicators of credit risk in the South African banking context. Similarly, utilising the principal component analysis, bank asset quality, bank asset concentration as well as bank trading and hedging activities were formulated as leading bank specific (internal) indicators of credit risk in the South African banking context. The Integrated Leading Credit Risk Indicator Model (ICRIM) was formulated utilising the accepted leading credit risk indicators. The ICRIM parameters were benchmarked against the generally accepted fit indices such as the RMSEA, comparative fit (baseline comparison) as well as the Hoelter and its results output were found to be consistent with these generally accepted fit indice

scholarly journals The relationship between demographic groups and perception of inclusion in a South African organisation

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Daya ◽  
K. A. April
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

The extreme demographic-role misrepresentation within organisations is a key business and societal issue in post- Apartheid South Africa. This research relates to deepening the understanding about the perception of inclusion withrespect to demographic groups such as race/ethnicity, gender, age, tenure, religion, sexual orientation, disability, position/grade, department, as well as site location. Secondly, it seeks to understand which groups perceive inclusion less positively than other groups, when we consider the occurrence of all the groups simultaneously using structural equation modelling (SEM).

scholarly journals Comparative Performance of Estimation Maximization Among Residual Estimators: A Structural Equation Modelling Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
A. R. Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Albert Luguterah ◽  
Bashiru I. I. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Comparative Model

As the concept of methodology has advanced, varied methods of estimating residuals have been developed including regression method, Bartlett’s method and Anderson-Rubin’s method. The study utilized estimation maximization approach together with other methods of estimating residuals under the structural equation model. The results showed that the strength of the existing methods in structural equation modelling are the weaknesses of the estimation maximization method, and vice versa. It was, therefore, found that from the comparative model fit information that the Bartlett’s based method gave better residual parameter estimates compared to the Regression based and the Anderson Rubin based methods. However, the estimation maximization method gave better residual parameter estimates than the other three existing methods; the Regression, Bartlett’s and the Anderson Rubin based methods.

Conceptualization and validation of the Neighbourhood Cohesion Index using exploratory structural equation modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Ross ◽  
Mark Searle
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Phoenix Metropolitan Area ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract The Neighbourhood Cohesion Index (NCI) is a popular scale used to measure social capital and cohesion at the neighbourhood level. Despite its prevalent use, discrepancies exist with regard to the factor structure of the scale. We explore a two- versus three-factor conceptualization of the NCI by comparing results of confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) for each model among a representative sample of adults (n = 798) in the Greater Phoenix Metropolitan Area (AS, USA). The ESEM three-factor model with the subscales of attraction, neighbouring, and sense of community was the best model fit. This three-factor model proved to be invariant across age, gender, health, and race within our sample. Given the need to determine consistent definitions and measurement of social capital and cohesion, these findings strengthen and support the use of the NCI as an instrument to measure attraction, neighbouring, and sense of community within neighbourhoods.

scholarly journals Comparative Performance of Estimation Maximization Among Residual Estimators: A Structural Equation Modelling Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
A. R. Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Albert Luguterah ◽  
Bashiru I. I. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Comparative Model

As the concept of methodology has advanced, varied methods of estimating residuals have been developed including regression method, Bartlett’s method and Anderson-Rubin’s method. The study utilized estimation maximization approach together with other methods of estimating residuals under the structural equation model. The results showed that the strength of the existing methods in structural equation modelling are the weaknesses of the estimation maximization method, and vice versa. It was, therefore, found that from the comparative model fit information that the Bartlett’s based method gave better residual parameter estimates compared to the Regression based and the Anderson Rubin based methods. However, the estimation maximization method gave better residual parameter estimates than the other three existing methods; the Regression, Bartlett’s and the Anderson Rubin based methods.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Validation of the Sexual Fantasies and Behaviors Inventory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Brown ◽  
Edward D. Barker ◽  
Qazi Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Sexual Fantasies ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Behavior

To date, no measures of sexual fantasies and behavior have been tested using modern structural equation modelling techniques. A total of 4,280 adults from the US, UK, Canada, and Ireland completed a measure of diverse (paraphilic and normophilic) sexual fantasies and behaviors. Data were randomly split in half for a two-part analysis. First, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to reduce the item pool and determine general factor structure. Second, we tested several models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM). These were followed by tests of measurement invariance (based on sex and sexual orientation) and criterion validity. For both the fantasies and behaviors, Bifactor ESEMs were the most appropriate models. Similar specific factors emerged: 1) normophilia, 2) rough sex, 3) interest of intrusion, 4) assuming power, and 5) relinquishing power. Findings suggest that sexual interests show a hierarchical measurement structure. Males and non-heterosexuals had higher general fantasy scores; females and non-heterosexuals had higher general behavior scores. Heterosexuals generally scored lower than non-heterosexuals. Fantasy and behavior scores were positively related to Dark Triad Traits and sociosexuality; there was little to no relationship with depression and anxiety. Results support the psychometric validation of the Sexual Fantasies and Behaviors Inventory.

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