Potassium bromate-induced nephrotoxicity and potential curative role of metformin loaded on gold nanoparticles

Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a carcinogenic compound, where it causes renal tumors. The present study investigated the potential curative effect of metformin loaded on gold nanoparticles (MET AuNPs) in attenuating KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were divided into eight groups (control, MET, AuNPs, MET AuNPs, KBrO3, KBrO3/MET, KBrO3/AuNPS, and KBrO3/MET AuNPs). KBrO3 administration resulted in a significant elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine, urea, uric acid. Also, KBrO3 significantly increased renal malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and nitric oxide (NO) levels and reduced the activities of antioxidant molecules superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and Reduced glutathione (GSH). It also caused damaged DNA spots in comet assay and increased inflammatory IL-6 and apoptotic markers (caspase 3, Bax) while antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was significantly reduced. MET, AuNPS, MET AuNPS reduced the extent of renal damage induced by KBrO3 as indicated by decreased (AST, ALT, ALP, Alb, TP, TB, DB, creatinine, urea, uric, Lipid profile). MET, AuNPS, MET AuNPS showed a good curative effect against KBrO3-induced nephrotoxicity and MET AuNPS group showed better results compared with monotherapy.

Download Full-text

Lycopene attenuates dichlorvos-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327115597981 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 654-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

AM Abu El-Saad ◽

MM Ibrahim ◽

AA Hazani ◽

GA El-Gaaly

Keyword(s):

Protective Efficacy ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Protein Carbonyl Content ◽

The Status ◽

Treatment Administration ◽

Serum Transaminases

Because of the widespread use of dichlorvos (DDVP) for domestic applications, evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to public health. Lycopene may lower oxidative stress by a mechanism that is not fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective efficacy of lycopene in terms of normalization of altered biochemical parameters following DDVP treatment in rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group was used as control, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were orally treated with lycopene (10 mg kg−1 body weight (b.w.)), DDVP (1.6 mg kg−1 b.w.), and DDVP plus lycopene, respectively. Results showed that oral administration of DDVP for 30 days increased the levels of lipid peroxidation markers such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonanal, and protein carbonyl content in liver. Also, a decrease in levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione was detected due to DDVP administration. These were accompanied by a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione- S-transferase in the liver tissue. Moreover, DDVP increased the activities of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipoxygenase, and the levels of bilirubin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and DNA–protein crosslinks, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, while decreased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Our results provide new insights into the biochemical studies of relation between DDVP hepatotoxicity and lycopene treatment. Administration of lycopene to DDVP-treated rats reverted the status of hepatic markers to near-normal levels. These data suggest that lycopene can protect against the liver damage induced by DDVP.

Download Full-text

Antidyslipidemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/8128125 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. B. Ibitoye ◽

U. M. Ghali ◽

J. B. Adekunle ◽

J. N. Uwazie ◽

T. O. Ajiboye

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

High Fat ◽

Obese Rats ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii (Stapf) Diels leaves are widely used in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular related complications in Nigeria. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effect of aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese rats. HFD-fed rats were given 100, 200, and 400 mgkg−1 body weight of aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves for 4 weeks starting from 9th week of HFD treatment. D. cumminsii leaves aqueous extract reversed HFD-mediated decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Moreover, HFD-mediated elevation in the levels of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and DNA fragmentation in rats liver was lowered. HFD-mediated alterations in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reversed by the extract. The treatment of HFD-fed rats reduced the levels of insulin, leptin, protein carbonyl, fragmented DNA, and tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin- (IL-) 6 and IL- 8 and increased the adiponectin level. This study showed that aqueous extract of Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii leaves has potential antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of obesity-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity-related disorder in HFD-induced obese rats.

Download Full-text

Effects of acrylamide graded doses on metallothioneins I and II induction and DNA fragmentation: Bochemical and histomorphological changes in the liver of adult rats

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233717696613 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 611-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Imen Ghorbel ◽

Awatef Elwej ◽

Mariem Chaabene ◽

Ons Boudawara ◽

Rim marrakchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Hepatic Cells ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Histomorphological Changes

The present study investigates the toxic effects of acrylamide (ACR) administered to rats at two doses on (i) oxidative stress and disruption of pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in hepatic cells and (ii) its correlation with metallothioneins (MTs) genes expression, DNA damage and histomorphological changes. Treated rats with 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight of ACR led to an increase in malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, advanced oxidation protein products, protein carbonyl levels as well as an alteration in the antioxidant status. Total MT content in the liver and MT I and MT II genes induction were increased. Plasma transaminases activities, albumin, total protein and glucose levels were also increased, while alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased. Moreover, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, TC/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were increased, while HDL-C decreased in a dose-dependent manner. A random DNA degradation was observed only in the liver of ACR-treated rats with the highest dose. These changes were confirmed by histopathological observations.

Download Full-text

Lipids methabolism and antioxidant status in exogenous constitutional obesity in girls of Buryatia

Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) ◽

10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-1-80-86 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 80-86

Author(s):

L. I. Kolesnikova ◽

M. A. Darenskaya ◽

L. V. Rychkova ◽

L. A. Grebenkina ◽

N. V. Semenova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Adolescent Obesity ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Pathogenic Factors ◽

Treatment Of Obesity

The study of adolescent obesity and pathogenic factors of its development is getting more and more important as the disease aggravates in adulthood. The serious progress in the study of the pathogenesis of this process can be achieved by analyzing the molecular mechanisms of the obesity development in childhood and adolescence. An individual approach to the diagnosis and treatment of obesity includes various factors, including the patient’s nationality. In recent decades there is an increase in the incidence of obesity among the representatives of the Mongoloid race, which is not characteristic of this racial group. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the state of lipid metabolism and the level of antioxidant components in the Buryat girls with exogenous constitutional obesity of the 1st degree. The authors examined 44 girls with exogenous constitutional obesity of the 1st degree and 48 practically healthy adolescent girls (comparison group) of the same age. All the girls belonged to the Buryat ethnic group. They used spectrophotometric and fluorometric research methods. The study revealed that exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescent girls is accompanied by the development of dyslipidemia (increased concentrations of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, an increase in the atherogenic coefficient, a decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol), as well as a deficiency of antioxidant defense components (decreased levels α-tocopherol, retinol, activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase). These results expand the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of adolescent obesity and develop individual approaches to the treatment of this condition.

Download Full-text

Catechin Treatment Ameliorates Diabetes and Its Complications in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325817691158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 155932581769115 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Saeed Samarghandian ◽

Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad ◽

Tahereh Farkhondeh

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

The Body ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Apo B

Context: Diabetes mellitus causes atherosclerosis and lipid abnormalities. Hypolipidemic and antioxidative properties of catechin (CTN) have been reported in several studies. Objective: This study assesses the possible protective effects of CTN against oxidative damage in the diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into the control, untreated diabetic, and 3 CTN-treated diabetic groups (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal). The diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin. Catechin was injected for 4 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, glucose, lipid profile, apoprotein A-I (apo A-I), apoprotein B (apo B), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and antioxidant enzymes including glutathione- S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in serum. Statistical analyses were performed using the InStat 3.0 program. Results: Streptozotocin caused an elevation of glucose, MDA, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apo B with reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apo A-I, SOD, CAT, and GST in the serum ( P < .05). The findings showed that the significant elevation in the body weight, glucose, MDA, TG, TC, LDL-C, and apo B and reduction in HDL-C, apo A-I, SOD, CAT, and GST were ameliorated in the CTN-treated diabetic groups versus the untreated group, in a dose-dependent manner ( P < .05). Conclusion: The present investigation proposes that CTN may ameliorate diabetes and its complications by modification of oxidative stress.

Download Full-text