scholarly journals Connecting Life Span Development with the Sociology of the Life Course: A New Direction

Sociology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gilleard ◽  
Paul Higgs
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Thornton

The article discusses learning as embedded processes of development and aging, and as social activity over the life course. The concept of life-span learning is proposed and outlined to discuss these processes as aspects of and propositions in life-span development and aging theory. Life-span learning processes arise and continuously develop in a dynamically complex body, brain, and the mind they support as essential features of development and aging over the life course. Life-span learning processes are established by evolutionary adaptive mechanisms, enriched by challenging environments, and continuously developed in supportive social structures. These ideas are derived from evolutionary biology and psychology, the cognitive sciences, life-span development and aging research, and adult development and learning studies. It is argued that life-span learning activities that challenge the body-mind-brain nexus are indispensable to optimize individual development and aging. Three global interventions and their strategies are discussed that enhance life-span learning: Learning to Learn, Learning for Growth, and Learning for Well-being.


Author(s):  
Susanne Scheibe ◽  
Ute Kunzmann ◽  
Paul B. Baltes

In search for concepts that help understand how individuals strive for growth and perfection within the boundaries and constraints of human lives, we describe theory and research on the concepts of wisdom, or expert knowledge about human nature and the life course, and Sehnsucht (life longings), the recurring and strong desire for ideal (utopian), alternative states and expressions of life. Both represent relatively new concepts on the agenda of lifespan research, originating from an interest in identifying major topics of public and humanist discourse about the potentials and constraints of life-span development and finding ways to measure them with the methods of normative psychological science. Despite their complexity and multiple meanings, progress has been made in the theory-driven operationalization of wisdom and life longings, allowing new insights into their ontogenesis and role for positive development. Emerging research shows that wisdom and life longings do not directly promote a hedonic life orientation or happiness: neither the insight that life is incomplete (wisdom) nor the experience of this incompleteness (life longings) is compatible with feelings of unequivocal joy and pleasure. Yet, there is emerging evidence that they contribute to other aspects of positive development, emphasizing personal growth, meaning, and the aligning of one's own and other's well-being. We suggest that future research should focus on the links of wisdom and life longings with multiple developmental outcomes and the possible interplay of both concepts in promoting positive development.


Author(s):  
Kenneth F. Ferraro

Life course analysis prioritizes the long view of aging: study aging as a process from embryo to death and how the timing of events and exposures shapes those lives. The act of analyzing the life course (or life span) highlights an intellectual tension in the field that has existed for decades: Is gerontology the study of older organisms or how those organisms age? Although human social services are often organized by age groups, science is better off studying the aging process—how the organism became older. In humans and animals, the experience of aging varies by historical time and place. Three vantage points for life course analysis are specified: the study of (1) early origins, (2) centenarians, and (3) family lineage.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S393-S393
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Minahan ◽  
Tamara A Baker

Abstract Social determinants of health (SDoH) are conditions in which individuals live, learn, work, and play. Specifically, they are influenced by the distribution of resources, money, and power, and have significant implications on health behaviors and outcomes across the life span. Existent data show the influence these indictors may have in the onset and progression of chronic illnesses. However, much of these data focus on the effect of race and health, as social determinants, but fail to adequately address the myriad other factors (e.g., health care, social and community context) that influence the social patterning across the life course. This symposium presents findings from several studies highlighting the nuanced role of SDoH across diverse populations of older adults. Scholars will present findings on the influence that identified determinants, such as social networks, lifestyle behaviors, and gender, have in defining health outcomes across the life course. Minahan presents the relationship between chronic illnesses and depression and compares depressive symptomatology according to disease cluster in a nationally-representative sample of older adults. Atakere discusses determinants of well-being among African American males with chronic illnesses and the challenges associated with this marginalized population. Booker examines spirituality as a mechanism for pain management among older African Americans and presents this as a crucial determinant of health. This symposium will expand on the existing body of literature by emphasizing social and cultural determinants, aside from race, that influence health behaviors and outcomes across the life span.


2019 ◽  
pp. 37-59
Author(s):  
David M. Day ◽  
Margit Wiesner

This chapter presents the history and theoretical underpinnings of criminal trajectory research. The chapter distinguishes between a short historical view and long historical view of theoretical contributions. The key concepts, theories, and studies discussed are drawn from the criminal career notion, Moffitt's dual taxonomy model, important longitudinal investigations, developmental criminology, developmental psychopathology, and the life-course sociological and life-span psychological theoretical frameworks of Glen Elder and Paul Baltes, respectively.


1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Heckhausen ◽  
Richard Schulz

Individuals as producers of their own life span development are discussed with regard to the major challenges, opportunities, and constraints encountered over the life course. Major challenges of life span development and human behaviour include the need to be selective in choosing life course paths, and the failure proneness of human behaviour. Management mechanisms directed at these challenges can be identified on the societal and the individual level. Socio-structural regulations of life course selectivity and failure are viewed as constraining but also supporting individual life course management. Individual life course management is conceptualised in terms of the model of optimisation by selection and compensation, which is elaborated by applying the life span model of primary and secondary control developed by Heckhausen and Schulz. The integrated model conceptualises optimisation as a higher-order process regulating selection and compensation, so that the long-term potential for primary control is promoted. Primary and secondary control strategies are identified for both selection and compensation, thus yielding four types of life-management strategies. Finally, it is argued that selection and compensation are not adaptive in and of themselves and may become dysfunctional when impairing the long-term potential for primary control.


Author(s):  
Susanne Scheibe ◽  
Ute Kunzmann

In search of concepts that help us understand how individuals strive for growth and perfection within the boundaries and constraints of human lives, we describe theory and research on the concepts of wisdom, or expert knowledge about human nature and the life course, and Sehnsucht (life longings), the recurring and strong desire for ideal (utopian) alternative states and expressions of life. Both represent concepts on the agenda of life span research that originate from an interest in identifying major topics of public and humanist discourse about the potentials and constraints of life span development and finding ways to measure them with the methods of normative psychological science. Despite their complexity and multiple meanings, progress has been made in the theory-driven operationalization of wisdom and life longings, allowing insights into their life span development and role for positive development. Existing research shows that wisdom and life longings do not directly promote a hedonic life orientation or happiness: neither the insight that life is incomplete (wisdom) nor the experience of this incompleteness (Sehnsucht) is compatible with feelings of unequivocal joy and pleasure. Yet there is evidence that they can contribute to other aspects of positive development, emphasizing personal growth and maturity, meaning, and the aligning of one’s own and others’ well-being.


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