Educating the Body: Physical Capital and the Production of Social Inequalities

Sociology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Shilling
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Whose Body Is It?: The body as physical capital in a techno-society

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Bradley-Munn ◽  
Katina Michael
Keyword(s):  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Sport as Culture: Social class, styles of cultural consumption, and sports engagement in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Gemar
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Sports Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The consumption of culture has often been ascribed the power to reflect and reproduce social inequalities. However, most work in this area has focused upon music and the arts. Sport is an important element of culture that can and should be studied in a similar fashion as others (Bourdieu, 1978). This thesis thus seeks to bring the theoretical frameworks and analytical tools of sociologies of culture further into the realm of sport. Substantively, this thesis provides an updated and comprehensive re-examining of the relationship between direct sports participation and social stratification in the relatively unexplored national context of Canada. I also innovatively provide an examination of the relationship between social stratification and professional sports consumption. Finally, this thesis fills a gap in the literature by analysing where the consumption of sport fits within broader cultural lifestyles. For these investigations, I use large-scale survey data and various statistical methods to test the foundational theories of Pierre Bourdieu, the ‘omnivore’ thesis, and individualisation arguments of social action to explain these patterns. The findings show direct sports participation relying primarily on dispositions towards the body which are stratified by education and income, especially for the most elite sports. They also show the two most selective omnivorous profiles for professional sport, rather than the most omnivorous, with the highest levels of education and income. This thesis thus sheds doubt on the omnivore thesis within sport, while also showing elements of individualisation regarding age and sex differentiation in consumption. Sports consumption in Canada thus cuts across all three theories of the relation between socio-economic position and sport. These more delimitated consumption profiles contrast with the general adherence to the omnivore thesis within broader cultural lifestyles. This therefore suggests that sport may be a cultural domain where general omnivores practise more distinctive consumption.

scholarly journals Persepsi Sosial Terhadap Komodifikasi Tubuh Perempuan (Studi Kasus Sales Promotion Girl Di Mall Ratu Indah Makassar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Rusni Hadji ◽  
Nurdin Nurdin ◽  
Lukman Ismail
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Research Procedure

Public spaces such as malls and entertainment venues have been visited by many people. This opportunity is used by industries engaged in the service sector to make a profit. Not a few agencies have created jobs to recruit employees in the field of promotional services. Promotion services work in the informal sector with the skills required by agencies to recruit women as sales promotions. SPG is used as a shortcut for some women to get a job. Women have a gentle attitude and are good at seducing with their physical capital, beautiful faces and eloquence in offering products to customers. SPG is used as the main job for women to make it easier to earn money. Most of the women who only go to school until they finish Senior High School (SMA) or Vocational High School (SMK) choose to work as SPGs. This job does not require high skills, only with a beautiful physique and face. This gives the view that the body and face are working capital as an SPG. The company benefits more from the SPG because it is seen as being able to boost product sales. In this study, the type of research used is a qualitative approach, namely "a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of writing and behavior that can be observed from the subject itself. The results of this study are 1) The concept of the body as a commodity is a common symptom in Makassar City. The body is likened to a commodity that has a selling value. As a commodity, the body can be converted just as the concept of the body is physical capital which can be converted into economic, cultural and social capital; 2) Some people view the SPG profession as a negative profession. because seen from the symbols attached to the SPG, for example, from wearing sexy clothes, make-up, to more aggressive and coercive verbal language when offering products and also the profession of SPG is a profession that only relies on beauty; 3) Negative stereotypes have been embedded in some societies so that what the general public perceives about SPG is almost the same.

scholarly journals Running for Success: Marathon Boom and Middle-Class Bodies in Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-463
Author(s):  
Toomas Gross
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Consumption Practices

Since the turn of the millennium, the number of Estonians running at least one marathon a year has grown nearly twentyfold. This paper links the marathon boom in Estonia to novel ideas about the “good life” among a subset of the country’s middle class, also situating the phenomenon in the broader context of post-1991 socio-economic changes. Drawing on fifty narrative interviews with recreational runners and a content analysis of various runners’ blogs, the article pays special attention to “runners’ bodies.” Recreational marathoners consciously put their bodies at the service of their “selves” by submitting the body to regular physical strain, which fits with their distinctively middle-class ideals of self-discipline, motivation, diligence, and perseverance. But runners’ bodies are also “bodies for others”—they not only encapsulate but also display these ideals. Approaching runners’ bodies as “bodies for selves” and as “bodies for others,” the article makes two arguments. Firstly, a fit body as physical capital and the “purposeful suffering” that long-distance running almost inevitably leads to have recently shifted to the core of living a “good life” in the case of growing numbers of the Estonian middle class. Secondly, the “others” for middle-class runners’ bodies are first and foremost the sedentary and generally overweight bodies of their own class. For a subset of the Estonian middle class, a slim and fit running body, in combination with changed consumption practices and reference groups, serves to distinguish themselves from the generalised idea of a middle-class person in today’s Estonia.

The Interplay of Biological and Socio Environmental Factors in Aging and Disorders in Women

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Anita Jagota ◽  
Navya Jannu ◽  
Suchitra Boro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Aging Women ◽  
Body Appearance

Aging is a biological, social, and environmental phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in all physiological functions. Age depends upon genes, social and environmental influences, and lifestyle. Although aging occurs at varying rates, it takes greater toll on gender. Beyond multiple social inequalities, women experience proportionately higher rates of chronic illness, disability, and deterioration in the body appearance leading to depression, decreased socialization resulting in sleep disorders. Therefore, onset of sleep and health disorders with aging in women were studied in variable cross sections of society with variable social structures and lifestyles. The case studies involved the field work and data collection from old age homes and individuals. The analysis of the interplay of biological, social, and environmental factors influencing sleep disorders in aging women done through such studies will help in designing policies and measures for improving economic level, social support, functional ability, psychosocial stress, loneliness, depression, and health services.

‘Speak and Act in a Manly Fashion’: The Role of the Body in the Construction of Men and Masculinity in Primary Teacher Education in Ireland

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dónal O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Physical Capital ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Teacher ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reflexive Practice ◽  
College Staff ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Primary Teacher Training

Based on a study of the masculinising practices of a single-sex primary teacher training college in Ireland 1928–38, this paper argues that the body served as the primary means of classification and differentiation in the social construction and regulation of masculinities. Following Connell's body reflexive practice theory that bodies are both agents and objects of practice and that ‘masculinity refers to male bodies but is not determined by male biology’, and Bourdieu's conceptualisation of the body as a form of physical capital as a bearer of symbolic value, produced presented and managed to acquire status and distinction across social fields, this paper demonstrates how the body was used as an object and, to a lesser extent, agent in the masculinisation process at this institution, especially while students practised teaching in Practising Schools under the supervision of college staff.

scholarly journals Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Gender

This paper argues that to restore the link between economic history and modern India, a different narrative of Indian economic history is needed. An exclusive focus on colonialism as the driver of India's economic history misses those continuities that arise from economic structure or local conditions. In fact, market-oriented British imperial policies did initiate a process of economic growth based on the production of goods intensive in labor and natural resources. However, productive capacity per worker was constrained by low rates of private and public investment in infrastructure, excessively low rates of schooling, social inequalities based on caste and gender and a delayed demographic transition to lower birthrates and the resultant heavy demographic burden placed on physical capital and natural resources.

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