The Urban Geography of Red Power: The American Indian Movement in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, 1968-70

Urban Studies ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D'Arcus
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Red Power ◽  
American Indian Movement ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

Drawing on recent theories of citizenship that argue the city as the pre-eminent ‘difference machine’, this paper argues that it is also a crucial site for the production of resistance as a social identity and practice. This argument is presented through an analysis of an example from the ‘Red Power’ movement in the US in the 1960s and early 1970s. The paper examines how American Indian activism—while often dramatised in rural reservation locations and centred on rather grand abstractions quite far removed from typically urban concerns and politics—also has a profoundly urban historical geography.

American Indian Soundchiefs

Resonance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-411
Author(s):  
Josh Garrett-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Legal Scholar ◽  
Red Power ◽  
American Media ◽  
Home Recording ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Sound Media ◽  
The 1960S

American Indian Soundchiefs, an independent record label founded by the Rev. Linn Pauahty (Kiowa) in the 1940s, developed a remarkable model of Indigenous sound media that combined home recording, dubbing, and small-scale mass production. Alongside other Native American media producers of the same era, Soundchiefs built on earlier engagements with ethnographic and commercial recording to produce Native citizens’ media a generation prior to the Red Power era of the 1960s and 1970s. This soundwork provided Native music to Native listeners first, while also seeking to preserve a “rich store of folk-lore” sometimes in danger of being lost under ongoing colonial pressures. Pauahty’s label found ways to market commercial recordings while operating within what music and legal scholar Trevor Reed (Hopi) calls “Indigenous sonic networks,” fields of obligation and responsibility.

The Spider’s Web

2019 ◽  
pp. 385-408
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Carceral State ◽  
Red Power ◽  
American Indian Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reservation System ◽  
Wounded Knee

The chapter situates Native American incarcerations within a long history of broken treaties, circumscribed sovereignty, land theft, forced removals, reservation and boarding school confinement, and economic and cultural paternalism. The framework that the chapter offers is one centered on what the author calls “settler custodialism,” where the root of Indian incarceration runs through the reservation system. The chapter locates Native American prisoner resistance within a longer trajectory of struggle against settler colonialism that has drawn on traditional ties to land, family, tribe, and community. The rising consciousness of the American Indian Movement (AIM) is linked directly to the incarceration of two of its principal founders, Dennis Banks and Clyde Bellecourt. From AIM’s police patrols to the Alcatraz Island prison takeover, the radicalization of the Red Power movement had more to do with its encounter with the carceral state than has been previously recognized. The chapter concludes that the prison also served as a blunt instrument to dismantle the Red Power movement when many of its leaders were incarcerated following the 1973 Wounded Knee operation.

scholarly journals Gênese e dimensões da rede de vilas e núcleos de ocupação na Bahia no setecentos

GeoTextos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Carlos Silveira Porto
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

A recomposição de uma geografia histórica tem sido feita por muitos pesquisadores no âmbito da ciência geográfica. Dentre os estudos realizados nessa perspectiva, aqueles voltados aos estudos urbanos são realizados com maior frequência, embora haja maior dificuldade à medida que se volta mais no tempo. O presente artigo é uma contribuição aos estudos da geografia urbana histórica na Bahia, cujo objetivo principal é discutir a formação de uma rede de assentamentos densa no setecentos, para além do Recôncavo Baiano. A consulta a relatos de viajantes, documentos estatísticos históricos, relatórios dos presidentes da província da Bahia e mapas históricos auxiliou na recomposição dessa rede pretérita, além do acesso a livros, artigos, dissertações e teses que dispunham de informações sobre o quadro demográfico, econômico e social da província da Bahia. As condições naturais, a presença da monarquia lusitana e da Igreja, a existência de caminhos, bem como a dinâmica populacional e econômica evidenciam o processo de formação dessa rede no período da mineração dos sertões baianos, tendo sido Rio de Contas e Jacobina nós dessa incipiente rede. Abstract GENESIS AND DIMENSIONS OF THE NETWORK OF VILLAGES AND NUCLEI OF SETTLEMENTS IN BAHIA IN THE 1700s The reconstitution of a historical geography has been done by many researchers within geographical science. Among the studies conducted with this approach, those aimed at urban studies are conducted with a frequent scope, although there are more difficulties as they go back further in time. The present article is a contribution to the studies of historical urban geography in Bahia, and its main purpose is to discuss the formation of a dense settlements network in the 1700s, beyond the Recôncavo Baiano, the region surrounding the city of Salvador and Todos os Santos Bay. The investigation of travel memoirs, historical statistics, Bahia Provincial Presidential Reports and historical maps, as well as books, articles, dissertation and theses that provided an overview of the demographic, economic and social situation in the Province of Bahia, aided to reconstitute this bygone network. Natural conditions, the presence of Lusitanian Monarchy and the Church, the existence of paths, and also population and economic dynamics are evidence of the process of formation of this network in the mining period in the backcountry of Bahia, in which Rio de Contas and Jacobina were important villages in this incipient network.

Red Power: Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich and Indian Activist Networks in East and West Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Glenn Penny
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Red Power ◽  
American Indian Movement ◽  
East Berlin ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
East German ◽  
German Newspaper ◽  
Post War

A curious photograph appeared in 1976 in the East-German newspaper Junge Welt (Fig. 1). Two well-known members of the American Indian Movement (AIM), Dennis Banks and Vernon Bellecourt, were shown together with an elderly German woman, Liselotte Welskopf-Henrich, at her home in East Berlin. This photo, like so many of the photos of Indians in unexpected places, always seems to amuse people, leading them to ask with a snigger why the Indians were there. The Indians' presence in such places, however, is seldom a laughing matter, and in this case, scholars of the post-war era might find the answer to the simple question of the Indians' presence somewhat disconcerting.

scholarly journals The Case for a Native American 1968 and Its Transnational Legacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
György Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Native American ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
American Indian ◽  
American Indians ◽  
The Us ◽  
Native American Activism ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War

Partly as a result of compartmentalized academic specializations and history teaching, in accounts of the global upheavals of 1968, Native Americans are either not mentioned, or at best are tagged on as an afterthought. “Was there a Native American 1968?” is the central question this article aims to answer. Native American activism in the 1960s was no less flashy, dramatic or confrontational than the protests by the era’s other struggles – it is simply overshadowed by later actions of the movement. Using approaches from Transnational American Studies and the history of social movements, this article argues that American Indians had a “long 1968” that originated in Native America’s responses to the US government’s Termination policy in the 1950s, and stretched from their ‘training’ period in the 1960s, through their dramatic protests from the late 1960s through the 1970s, all the way to their participation at the United Nations from 1977 through the rest of the Cold War. While their radicalism and protest strategies made Native American activism a part of the US domestic social movements of the long 1960s, the nature of American Indian sovereignty rights and transnationalism place the Native American long 1968 on the rights spectrum further away from civil rights, and closer to a national liberation struggle—which links American Indian activism to the decolonization movements of the Cold War.

The Growth and Development of Belize City

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Everitt
Keyword(s):  
Present Status ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Major Urban Centre ◽  
The City

Although Belize City has almost always been the centre of population in Belize, few studies have been devoted to its historical geography–or indeed to the urban geography of the country as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to gather together much of the scattered material on Belize City, in the hope that this codification will help the reader to understand the growth and present status of the city, and, perhaps, inspire others to do further research on this, still the major urban centre of Belize.

scholarly journals Relics of the Unseen Presence? Evocations of Native American Indian Heritage and Western-Hero Road Poems in Bruce Baillie’s Mass for the Dakota Sioux and Quixote

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (s1) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
Kornelia Boczkowska
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
White American ◽  
Dakota Sioux ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

Abstract In this paper I discuss the ways in which Bruce Baillie’s Mass for the Dakota Sioux (1964) and Quixote (1965) evoke Native American Indian heritage and western-hero road poems by challenging the concept of the American landscape and incorporating conventions traditionally associated with cinéma pur, cinéma vérité, and the city symphony. Both pictures, seen as largely ambiguous and ironic travelogue forms, expose their audiences to “the sheer beauty of the phenomenal world” (Sitney 2002: 182) and nurture nostalgic feelings for the lost indigenous civilizations, while simultaneously reinforcing the image of an American conquistador, hence creating a strong sense of dialectical tension. Moreover, albeit differing in a specific use of imagery and editing, the films rely on dense, collage-like and often superimposed images, which clearly contribute to the complexity of mood conveyed on screen and emphasize the striking conceptual contrast between white American and Indian culture. Taking such an assumption, I argue that although frequently referred to as epic road poems obliquely critical of the U.S. westward expansion and manifest destiny, the analyzed works’ use of plot reduction, observational and documentary style as well as kinaesthetic visual modes and rhythmic editing derive primarily from the cinéma pur’s camerawork, the cinéma vérité’s superstructure, and the city symphony’s spatial arrangement of urban environments. Such multifaceted inspirations do not only diversify Mass’ and Quixote’s non-narrative aesthetics, but also help document an intriguing psychogeography of the 1960s American landscapes, thus making a valuable contribution to the history of experimental filmmaking dealing with Native American Indian heritage.

American Indian Women's Activism in the 1960s and 1970s

Hypatia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Hightower Langston
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Red Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Wounded Knee ◽  
Public Leaders

This article will focus on the role of women in three red power events: the occupation of Alcatraz Island, the Fish-in movement, and the occupation at Wounded Knee. Men held most public roles at Alcatraz and Wounded Knee, even though women were the numerical majority at Wounded Knee. Female elders played a significant role at Wounded Knee, where the occupation was originally their idea. In contrast to these two occupations, the public leaders of the Fish-in movement were women—not an untraditional role for women of Northwest Coastal tribes.

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