Predicting Prosociality Among Urban Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson M. Drinkard
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Factors ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sociological View

Prosociality, conceptualized as a willingness to help, to be fair, and to be friendly to others, is essential to the maintenance of a civil society and has been linked with multiple measures of individual well-being. This study examines how individual, family, and neighborhood factors affect adolescents’ level of prosociality and tests for moderating influences in these relationships. Data for this study come from the 12-year-old cohort of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) study ( N = 723). Results show that being female and having the ability to rely on family, a teacher/coach, or an adult in the community predicts significantly higher levels of prosociality. In addition, I find that neighborhood collective efficacy moderates the relationship between gender and prosociality, serving as a protective factor in the development of prosociality for boys. The findings of this study are discussed in the context of a sociological view of positive youth development.

scholarly journals Is psychological resilience a protective factor between motivations and excessive smartphone use?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Resilience Training ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Excessive smartphone use has recently become a topic of interest. Prior studies have suggested that psychological well-being variables and motivations are important predictors of excessive smartphone use. However, few have examined the internal mechanism of these factors in leading to excessive smartphone use. Based on Compensatory Internet Use theory, we investigated the moderating role of psychological resilience between two types of motivation — escapism and social interaction — and excessive smartphone use. Selecting 576 typical smartphone users, we found: (1) Escapism motivation and psychological resilience significantly correlate with excessive smartphone use, whereas social interaction motivation does not; (2) Psychological resilience moderates the relationship between both escapism and social interaction motivation and excessive smartphone use. Our study demonstrates the mechanism of different types of motivation and the protective effect of psychological resilience on excessive smartphone use. Thus, we emphasize resilience training that would help train people to be able to cope with life problems more effectively.

Facilitating youth development through service-learning: Social justice implications for underserved youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Christopher A Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Afterschool Programs ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Underserved Youth ◽  
Learning Programs

The implications of how service-learning participation can enhance civic knowledge and engagement among young people are discussed at length in the existing literature. However, research that explores the utility of formalizing service-learning as a means of enriching civic education for underserved and minority youth is lacking, particularly within the context of secondary education. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the discourse around increasing the use of service-learning programs as a means of supplementing existing methods that facilitate well-rounded youth development (e.g. school curricula, afterschool programs, mentorship) and enhance well-being among underserved youth within a social justice framework. The aims of this article are met by first illuminating the risk factors facing minority and underserved youth. The social justice implications of service-learning participation for youth are then discussed. Finally, the feasibility of utilizing service-learning as a protective factor for marginalized youth is explored.

Collective Efficacy and Violence in Chicago Neighborhoods: A Reproduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Maxwell ◽  
Joel H. Garner ◽  
Wesley G. Skogan
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Neighborhood Violence ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
Efficacy Measure ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Archived Data

This research tests the reproducibility of the neighborhood-level effects of social composition and collective efficacy on community violence that Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls reported in a Science article entitled “Neighborhood and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy.” Based upon data from a resident survey, the U.S. Census, and official homicide reports from Chicago, Sampson et al. found that neighborhood collective efficacy directly affects perceived neighborhood violence, household victimization, and homicide rates. In addition, they reported that the relationship between residential stability and concentrated disadvantage with each measure of violence is mediated after adding their collective efficacy measure to the regression models. This article uses Earls, Brooks-Gunn, Raudenbush, and Sampson’s archived data collection and other archived data collections to assess the extent to which Sampson et al.’s core substantive findings are independently reproducible. While the reanalysis identified some differences between the archived data and the information provided in Sampson et al., the reanalysis produced findings in the same reported direction and statistical significance for virtually all of Sampson et al.’s core substantive outcomes. This confirmation of their key conclusions provides added confidence in their collective efficacy thesis and enhances the prospects for extending it by assessing the degree to which it also affects other crime types and whether these effects persist over time.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Peer Attachment and Adolescent Positive Well-Being with Gender as the Moderating Factor in Malaysia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Kogilavani Rajendran ◽  
Gunasegaran Karuppannan ◽  
Rumaya Binti Juhari ◽  
Asnia Kadir ◽  
Rosnah Jamba
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Peer Attachment ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Parent Attachment ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
The Relationship

Identifying protective factors that could influence the positive well-being of adolescents is important as positive development view emphasizes the possibility of adolescents developing positive traits based on their strengths, positive qualities, and supportive environments. This study examines the relationship between peer attachment with positive adolescent well-being and the role of gender as a moderator for links between peer attachment with positive adolescent well-being. A total of 400 7th Grade students from government schools in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and state of Selangor were involved in this study. Adolescent positive well-being and peer attachment were measured using the Positive Youth Development Scale and Inventory of Peer and Parent Attachment. The results show that peer attachment was predictor of adolescent positive well-being. The study also found that gender moderated the relationship between peer attachment and adolescent positive well-being. This study provides information on factors that can help the positive development of adolescents. Identifying these factors will provide insight on events or experiences that will increase the occurrence of positive outcomes and reduce the likelihood of negative outcomes.

Meaning in Life as Mediator of Family Allocentrism and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese and Italian Early Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 0044118X2092163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Germani ◽  
Delvecchio Elisa ◽  
Li Jian-Bin ◽  
Lis Adriana ◽  
Mazzeschi Claudia
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Early Adolescent ◽  
Presence Of Meaning ◽  
The Relationship

Establishing a coherent meaning in life has long been considered to be a protective factor of well-being, but this construct has been understudied in early adolescent development. The current study investigated the relationships between family allocentrism and depressive symptoms as well as the mediation effect of meaning in life in 214 Chinese and 201 Italian early adolescents. Although family allocentrism was higher in Chinese than Italian participants, it was significantly associated to lower depressive symptoms in both countries. Moderated mediational analyses showed that in both countries: (a) family allocentrism was positively related with presence of meaning; (b) family allocentrism and presence of meaning were negatively related to depressive symptoms; and (c) presence of meaning mediated the relationship between family allocentrism and depressive symptoms. In conclusion, family allocentrism and presence of meaning in life are important preventive factors of early adolescents’ depressive symptoms in both collectivistic and in individualistic countries.

School climate, victimization, and mental health outcomes among elementary school students in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cixin Wang ◽  
Dengting Boyanton ◽  
Ana-Sophia M. Ross ◽  
Jia Li Liu ◽  
Kathryn Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
School Climate ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Relationship

Although school climate has been identified as a protective factor for youth development in the United States, few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between school climate and student outcomes in China. This study explored the relationship between school climate, victimization, covitality, internalizing symptoms, and academic achievement, and whether school climate moderated the relationship between victimization and mental health outcomes using longitudinal data. Survey data were collected from 1150 Chinese 3rd to 6th grade students ( Mage = 10.27 years, SD = 1.03 years, 55% boys) from five elementary schools at two time points. Regression results showed that school climate factors, including student-teacher relationships, clear expectations, respect for diversity and fairness of rules, predicted victimization, mental health (both internalizing symptoms and covitality), and academic grades six months later. School climate did not moderate the relationship between victimization and mental health. Our results suggest that it is important to foster positive school climate in order to prevent bullying and promote positive youth development among elementary students in China.

scholarly journals Sleep Characteristics, Neighborhood Factors, Function, Mood, and Well-Being in Older Adults With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
Miranda McPhillips ◽  
Nancy Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Neighborhood Factors ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Abstract The number of people with dementia is increasing worldwide. Circadian rhythm disorders and sleep problems are very common in this population and can have profound effects on well-being. Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial (NCT03682185) is a home-based activity intervention designed to improve circadian rhythm disorders and quality of life in people with dementia and their family caregivers. This symposium is designed to discuss the relationship between sleep characteristics and neighborhood environment, function, and psychological well-being in people with dementia. All analyses in this session were conducted on baseline data from participants enrolled in the Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial. We enrolled 170 individuals (67% female), aged (73.35 ± 8.74) with mean Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores of (0.74 ± 0.51). Session 1 describes the role of neighborhood factors as influencing factors affecting sleep. Session 2 focuses on the relationship between sleep and mood. Session 3 focuses on the relationship between sleep and function. Session 4 focuses on the relationship between sleep and quality of life. Implications for future research and intervention development for people with dementia will be discussed.

scholarly journals Exploring Six Muslim Teachers’ Coping Strategies in Overcoming Mental Illness

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-71
Author(s):  
Aishah Hanim Abd Karim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of this qualitative research was to explore Muslim Malaysian teachers’ perspective of both mental illness and well-being.  The study aimed to understand the teachers’ coping strategies in overcoming mental illness and the relationship between spiritual practices and mental well-being.  Six Muslim Malaysian teachers were involved in this study.  All of them were teachers at the government public schools and they had experienced mental illnesses during their career.  The six teachers were interviewed using semi-structure interview protocol.  The interviews took place at different times and settings.  Content and inductive analysis was used to interpret data for all participants.  Findings of this study showed four themes, namely medical treatment, religion, family and societal support, and positivity were dominant. The four subthemes emerged from the religion theme were prayers, reading the Qur’an, protective factor, and diseases of the heart. These subthemes showed the relationship between spiritual practices and mental well-being. Finally, the study revealed the importance of seeking professional help, getting appropriate medical treatment, and engaging in various spiritual practices such as performing the five daily prayers, zikr, salawat shifa,’ and reading the Qu’ran in bringing the feeling of peace and calmness in these Muslim teachers’ lives, hence helping them to cope and become productive teachers.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Subjective Age, Health Status, and Advance Care Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 420-420
Author(s):  
Ilana Engel ◽  
Tamara Baker
Keyword(s):  
Advance Care Planning ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Will ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Planning ◽  
Subjective Age ◽  
Advance Care ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Current data show that how old a person feels, or subjective age (SA), may be associated with improved well-being and functioning, less cognitive impairment, and longer life. Yet, the relationship between SA and advance care planning (ACP) has yet to be examined. This is all the more important when determining the role SA has in end-of-life decision-making. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (Wave 13, 2016), this study aimed to examine whether SA is associated with having a living will (LW), having a LW with life-limiting care, and having assigned a durable power of attorney. The sample included 3,165 participants 51+ years of age (mean age = 65.67; SD = 11.79). Analyses were conducted assessing the predictive value identified social, behavioral, and health factors have for ACP. Results from binomial logistic regression analyses indicated that participants who endorsed feeling older than their chronological age were similarly likely to have engaged in ACP as those who felt younger. As demonstrated previously, older chronological age was significantly associated with higher utilization of ACP (ps < .05). Those with cancer and women were significantly more likely to have a LW (ps <.05). The present study did not find evidence to support a significant relationship between SA and ACP. Lower overall engagement with ACP and treatment for specific conditions, such as cancer, may be more influential in determining who utilizes ACP. Future research should explore how SA may serve as a protective factor and/or a psychological mechanism that influences engagement in ACP.

Employment contract, job insecurity and employees’ affective well-being: The role of self- and collective efficacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sora ◽  
Thomas Höge ◽  
Amparo Caballer ◽  
José M Peiró
Keyword(s):  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Job Insecurity

A large amount of research has focused on job insecurity, but without obtaining consistent results. Some authors have pointed that this variability might be due to the operationalization of job insecurity. Different types of job insecurity can provoke different employee reactions. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of job insecurity, understood as temporary employment (objective job insecurity) and personal perception (subjective job insecurity), on affective well-being. In addition, the moderator roles of job self-efficacy and collective efficacy are examined in the relationship between job insecurity and employees’ affective well-being. This study was carried out with 1435 employees from 138 Spanish and Austrian organizations. The results showed a different effect of job insecurity depending on its conceptualization. Only subjective job insecurity was negatively related to affective well-being. Moreover, both self- and collective efficacy moderated the subjective job insecurity–outcomes relation, ameliorating employees’ well-being levels when they perceived job insecurity.

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