Hitting Net-Zero Without Stopping Flying: Increasing Air Travelers’ Likelihood to Opt-in to Voluntary Carbon Offsetting

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110576
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Qiqi Jiang ◽  
Rob Gleasure
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Online Experiments ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Carbon Offsetting ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Carbon Offset ◽  
Near Future

Voluntary carbon offset (VCO) programs give air travelers opportunities to neutralize their carbon footprint. Despite its potential, few existing studies have explained how to present VCOs that can effectively appeal to the sensibilities of travelers in different conditions. We designed three online experiments with strategies to motivate travelers to opt-in. We found travelers who receive concrete messages that emphasize specific actions are more likely to opt-in to VCOs when flying in the near future. In contrast, travelers receiving abstract messages that emphasize general initiatives are more likely to opt-in to VCOs when flying in the distant future. When travelers are allowed to choose their preferred carbon offset method, they are more likely to opt in, especially when they receive concrete messages that indicate specific actions but not general initiatives. These findings contribute to the aviation carbon offset literature and offer useful new insights for airline companies.

Divergent theories, converging evidence: The constructional semantics of competing future constructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-114
Author(s):  
Stefan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Future Events ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract This paper investigates the alternation between two competing German future constructions, the werden + Infinitive construction and the futurate present, from a usage-based perspective. Two lines of evidence are combined: On the one hand, a pilot corpus study indicates that werden + Infinitive is more likely to be used for referring to distant-future events than to near-future events. However, syntactic factors seem to be at least as decisive as semantic ones for speakers’ choice between the two constructions. On the other hand, an experimental study taps into language users’ interpretation of sentences framed in one of the two constructions. It can be shown that the grammatical framing does not significantly affect participants’ estimates of the temporal distance of the events to which the stimuli sentences refer. This suggests that the meaning differences between the two constructions be more nuanced, e.g. pertaining to discourse-pragmatic functions.

Distant time, distant gesture: speech and gesture correlate to express temporal distance

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alcaraz Carrión ◽  
Javier Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Television News ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Axis Direction ◽  
Spatial Properties ◽  
Multimodal Corpus ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Near Future

Abstract This study investigates whether there is a relation between the semantics of linguistic expressions that indicate temporal distance and the spatial properties of their co-speech gestures. To this date, research on time gestures has focused on features such as gesture axis, direction, and shape. Here we focus on a gesture property that has been overlooked so far: the distance of the gesture in relation to the body. To achieve this, we investigate two types of temporal linguistic expressions are addressed: proximal (e.g., near future, near past) and distal (e.g., distant past, distant future). Data was obtained through the NewsScape library, a multimodal corpus of television news. A total of 121 co-speech gestures were collected and divided into the two categories. The gestures were later annotated in terms of gesture space and classified in three categories: (i) center, (ii) periphery, and (iii) extreme periphery. Our results suggest that gesture and language are coherent in the expression of temporal distance: when speakers locate an event far from them, they tend to gesture further from their body; similarly, when locating an event close to them, they gesture closer to their body. These results thus reveal how co-speech gestures also reflect a space-time mapping in the dimension of distance.

scholarly journals Prosets: making continued use of fossil fuels compatible with a credible transition to net zero

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Mitchell-Larson ◽  
Myles Allen
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Carbon Offsetting ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
New Form ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Geological Timescale

Abstract Interest in carbon offsetting is resurging among companies and institutions, but existing offerings fail to make continued use of fossil fuels compatible with a credible transition to sustainable net zero emissions. A clear definition of what makes an offset net-zero-compliant is needed. We introduce the ‘proset’, a new form of composite offset in which the fraction of carbon allocated to geological-timescale storage options increases progressively, reaching 100% by the target net zero date, generating predictable demand for effectively permanent CO2 storage while making the most of the near-term opportunities provided by nature-based climate solutions, all at an affordable cost to the offset purchaser.

Russia invests in oil as though net zero is illusion

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Share Prices ◽  
Net Zero

Significance Although Russia has itself adopted net-zero targets, current policy is to use the transition period by ramping up production to monetise reserves of oil. Efforts to reduce the industry's carbon footprint do not detract from these plans. Impacts Any delay in oil output recovery will weigh on Russian economic growth in 2022. The Russian government will continue subsidising refinery modernisation. Russian oil majors' high dividend yields and historically elevated share prices will reassure shareholders.

Production of Hydrogen and Methane Rich Gas by Stepped Pyrolysis of Biomass and Its Utilization in I.C. Engines.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIJESH Kumar PRAJAPATI ◽  
Shalini Gautam ◽  
Amrit Anand ◽  
Preetam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Product Gas ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Automobile industries are majorly based on petroleum-based fuels like petrol and diesel that create environmental hazards, a high carbon footprint, and creating serious health issues. To reduce the problem associated with fossil fuel utilization, the world is focusing on CNG-based energy solutions and developing the infrastructures for CNG. There is a need to transfer towards hydrogen fuel-based infrastructure in near future. The current focus to introduce a fraction of hydrogen with CNG in the existing fuel system is initiated here. Therefore, the utilization of biomass is taken into account for the production of high hydrogen-containing fuel to cut down the carbon footprint and environmental issues. Biomass residues such as Sun hemp, Pigeon pea, Mustard stem, Wheat straw, Dhaincha, and Vantulsi were slow pyrolyzed in a stepped manner to produce a hydrogen-rich clean fuel. Product gas (hydrogen-rich CNG i.e., H-CNG) obtain by this pyrolysis process contains almost 40%-55% hydrogen and 10%-25% methane balanced with oxides of carbon depending on different biomass feedstocks. This study is also focused on the performance of 2kva HONDA Genset in terms of its running duration when obtained Bio-HCNG gas is used as fuel and a correlation is also developed between H2, CH4, ΔH (Change in Hydrogen wt. % during the process) and D (Duration for which Genset will run in minutes) i.e., D = -6.25 + 0.996ΔH + 0.3889CG for model 1 & D = -9.20 + 0.090ΔH + 0.6099H2 + 0.1893CH4 for model 2.

Frito-Lay North America: The Making of a Net Zero Snack Chip

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
William Teichman ◽  
Andrea Larson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Community Perspectives ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Sustainability Strategy ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Implementing a sustainability strategy requires firms to consider economic, strategic, environmental, and community perspectives. Suitable for MBA, undergraduate, and executive learners, this sustainability case covers innovation, intrapreneurship, and strategy. A technical note entitled, “Corporate Greenhouse Accounting: Carbon Footprint Analysis” (UVA-ENT-0113) is an effective complement. Frito-Lay’s Arizona facility pilots a program to take its snack chip manufacturing off the grid. Decision makers discuss operating, financial, marketing, and corporate strategy as the facility calculates its carbon footprint, converts to non-fossil-fuel energy sources, and stops relying on the scarce local water supply.

Let's play with emojis! How to make emojis more effective in social media advertising using promocodes and temporal orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Huang ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Kader ◽  
Seeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Media Advertising ◽  
Near Future

PurposeThe authors aim to examine how the construal level, either as an individual temporal orientation or temporal distance of promotion, moderates the effects of emojis' emotional intensity on consumers' purchase intentions in social media advertising.Design/methodology/approachTwo experiments are used to test four hypotheses.FindingsThe results of two experimental studies show that present-oriented participants reveal greater purchase intentions when low (vs high) emotionally intense emojis are embedded in a social media ad; but future-oriented consumers showed no difference when viewing ads with the two different emojis. In Study 2, participants indicate greater purchase intentions when a social media ad includes a distant-future promocode and high (vs low) emotionally intense emojis and an ad with a near-future promocode and low (vs high) emotionally intense emojis.Originality/valueThe current study advances our understanding how emojis with different emotional intensities can be effectively used in social media ads. This study also provides theoretical implications to construal level theory (CLT) by examining how emojis interact with construal level, either as a chronic tendency or simulated by psychological distance, can influence consumer response.

scholarly journals  Expected impacts of climate change on forests: Czech Republic as a case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hlásny ◽  
J. Holuša ◽  
ŠtěpánekP ◽  
TurčániM ◽  
SitkováZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Vegetation Season ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Near Future

  We provide fundamental information about the future development of selected climate elements in relation to anticipated threat to forests in the Czech Republic. All analyses were carried out in relation to four elevation zones with specific potential forest vegetation – up to 350 m a.s.l. (oak dominance), 350–600 m a.s.l. (beech dominance), 600–900 m a.s.l. (beech-fir dominance), 900–1,100 m a.s.l. (spruce dominance). We found out that while the projected increase in mean annual air temperature is almost constant over the Czech Republic (+3.25–3.5°C in the distant future), the frequency of heat spells at lower elevations is expected to increase dramatically compared to higher elevations. The precipitation totals during the vegetation season are projected to increase in the near future by up to 10% and to decrease in the distant future by up to 10% over all vegetation zones. In general, drought is presumed to become a key limiting factor at lower elevations, while increased temperature along with the prolonged vegetation season at higher elevations can be beneficial to forest vegetation. Consequently, northward progression of forest tree species and retraction of the species lower distribution range are a generic response pattern. Such impacts are presumed to be accompanied by changes in the distribution and population dynamics of pests and pathogens. Mainly the impacts on two key forest pests, Ips typographus and Lymantria dispar, are discussed.  

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