The Reliability and Validity of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised in a Sample of Female Offenders

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Vitale ◽  
Stevens S. Smith ◽  
Chad A. Brinkley ◽  
Joseph P. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Validity Measures

The reliability and validity of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL–R) was examined in a sample of 528 nonpsychotic female offenders participating in a study assessing the generalizability of the instrument to females using personality, attitudinal, and laboratory behavioral measures. Results showed good interrater reliability and adequate internal consistency. Correlations with a number of self-report validity measures and previous criminal behavior provide support for the convergent validity of the instrument. A lack of association with general psychopathology provides support for the discriminant validity of the instrument. However, significant correlations with anxiety, negative affectivity, and intelligence run counter to expectations and to findings with male offenders. Furthermore, the low base rate of psychopathy in this sample, relative to base rates among male prisoners, raises the concern that either psychopathy is less prevalent in females than in males or the PCL–R is not adequately assessing the construct in female offenders.

scholarly journals NCOG-70. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A NEW SELF-REPORT INDEX OF COGNITIVE CONCERNS IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii145-ii145
Author(s):  
Giuliana Zarrella ◽  
Alice Perez ◽  
Jorg Dietrich ◽  
Michael Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract INTRODUCTION Subjective cognitive dysfunction is an important outcome measure in neuro-oncology and may provide additional information beyond performance-based neuropsychological testing. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) is a frequently used quality of life (QoL) measure that includes indices of physical, emotional, social, and neurologic aspects of disease, but does not measure cognitive concerns. This study seeks to develop and validate an index of self-reported cognition derived from existing items on the FACT-Br. METHODS 145 patients (Mage=51.08, Medu=15.63) with heterogeneous brain tumor diagnoses completed neuropsychological evaluation including cognitive testing and self-report measures. Nine FACT-Br items regarding cognition were combined to form the Cognitive Index (CI). Reliability of the CI was measured with Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the CI with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cognitive Abilities-8 or PROMIS Cognitive Concerns-8. Discriminant validity was assessed by correlation of the CI with other FACT-Br indices and the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI, BAI). RESULTS Internal consistency within the CI was high (Cronbach’s a 0.864). The CI correlated strongly with the PROMIS-Abilities (r =.680; p< 0.001) and PROMIS-Concerns (r=.780; p< 0.001) indicating high convergent validity. Moderate correlations were observed between the CI and the physical and functional subscales of the FACT (r=.453 and .555), whereas correlations with the social and emotional functioning subscales were weaker (r=.381 and .325). The FACT-Br-CI correlated strongly with BDI (r=-.622) and more weakly with the BAI (r=-.344). Consistent with prior literature, the CI showed modest correlations with neuropsychological measures, including verbal memory encoding (r=.300), verbal fluency (r=.252) and a composite measure of cognition (r=.249; all p’s< .01). CONCLUSIONS The FACT-Br-CI is a reliable and valid measure of self-reported cognition. Studies that include the FACT-Br could be retrospectively analyzed to assess self-reported cognitive outcomes, enriching the information gained from prior research.

Spotting psychopaths using technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Hulbert ◽  
Hojjat Adeli
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychopathic Personality ◽  
General Point ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Human Element ◽  
Psychopathic Personality Inventory ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractFor the past three and a half decades, the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) and the self-report Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R) have been the standard measures for the diagnosis of psychopathy. Technological approaches can enhance these diagnostic methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review of various technological approaches for spotting psychopathy, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and other measures. Results of EEG event-related potential (ERP) experiments support the theory that impaired amygdala function may be responsible for abnormal fear processing in psychopathy, which can ultimately manifest as psychopathic traits, as outlined by the PCL-R or PPI-R. Imaging studies, in general, point to reduced fear processing capabilities in psychopathic individuals. While the human element, introduced through researcher/participant interactions, can be argued as unequivocally necessary for diagnosis, these purely objective technological approaches have proven to be useful in conjunction with the subjective interviewing and questionnaire methods for differentiating psychopaths from non-psychopaths. Furthermore, these technologies are more robust than behavioral measures, which have been shown to fail.

scholarly journals Valid and Reliable Measures of Generalized Trust: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey and Behavioral Experiment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine G Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Sociological Knowledge ◽  
Measurement Validation ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Trust Scale

Across the social sciences, generalized trust has been one of the most frequently examined constructs since researchers first introduced measures of it in the 1950s. Despite its significance, there is growing consensus that conventional measures of generalized trust are prone to measurement invalidity and non-equivalence, which places sociological knowledge about generalized trust in serious doubt. In this article, I advance trust research in sociology by (1) refining two new self-report measures of generalized trust—the Stranger Face Trust scale (SFT) and the Imaginary Stranger Trust scale (IST)—and (2) assessing their empirical performance on a nationally representative probability sample (N = 1,264). I compare the reliability and validity of SFT, IST, and traditional measures of generalized trust across a number of measurement validation tests (convergent validity, discriminant validity, known-groups validity, and predictive validity). Results suggest that SFT provides the most accurate and consistent measure of generalized trust. I conclude by discussing the implications of my findings for sociological knowledge.

Construct Validity of the German Version of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-816
Author(s):  
Pia Hollerbach ◽  
Elmar Habermeyer ◽  
Joachim Nitschke ◽  
Zara Sünkel ◽  
Andreas Mokros
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
Hare Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
German Adaptation

Abstract. The Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R) is among the most well-established instruments for the assessment of psychopathy. The PCL-R is a 20-item observer rating instrument based on file review and a semi-structured interview. The current study aimed to investigate the validity of the German adaptation of the PCL-R, its factor structure, construct validity, and association with socially desirable responding in a sample of male offenders ( N = 118). A parcel model with four facets and two factors yielded excellent model fit. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed based on correlational analyses, a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix, and a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) including measures of psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), global personality dimensions, alexithymia, and impulsivity. The MTMM matrix as well as substantial associations with self-reported psychopathic traits and observer ratings of ASPD indicated convergent validity. Correlational analyses revealed that Factor 1 of the PCL-R was associated with low neuroticism, whereas Factor 2 was associated with impulsivity as well as with low agreeableness and conscientiousness. The PCL-R total score and Factor 2 were negatively correlated with impression management. Overall, the current findings support the validity of the German adaptation of the PCL-R.

scholarly journals Survey Satisficing Inflates Reliability and Validity Measures

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Hamby ◽  
Wyn Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
College Degrees ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Validity Measures

This study examined the predictors and psychometric outcomes of survey satisficing, wherein respondents provide quick, “good enough” answers (satisficing) rather than carefully considered answers (optimizing). We administered surveys to university students and respondents—half of whom held college degrees—from a for-pay survey website, and we used an experimental method to randomly assign the participants to survey formats, which presumably differed in task difficulty. Based on satisficing theory, we predicted that ability, motivation, and task difficulty would predict satisficing behavior and that satisficing would artificially inflate internal consistency reliability and both convergent and discriminant validity correlations. Indeed, results indicated effects for task difficulty and motivation in predicting survey satisficing, and satisficing in the first part of the study was associated with improved internal consistency reliability and convergent validity but also worse discriminant validity in the second part of the study. Implications for research designs and improvements are discussed.

Compensatory Cognitive Strategy Use by Young Adults: A Psychometric Evaluation of Self-Report Measures

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112098176
Author(s):  
Justin E. Karr
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cognitive Strategy ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Full Sample

This study examined the reliability and validity of scores from questionnaires assessing compensatory cognitive strategy use by young adults. Participants ( N = 783; 79.6% women; 77.4% White; Age: M = 18.7 ± 0.9 years) completed the Compensatory Cognitive Strategies Scale (CCSS), Metamemory Questionnaire–Strategies (MMQ-S), Neuro-Quality of Life (Neuro-QoL) v2.0 Short Form–Cognitive Function, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Reliability estimates were acceptable for the CCSS (α = .85) and MMQ-S (α = .86) in the full sample and comparable in subsamples stratified by gender and self-reported mental health conditions. The CCSS and MMQ-S scores showed evidence for convergent validity ( r range: .60 to .70) and discriminant validity in the full sample and subsamples ( r with DERS range: .13 to .33). Greater compensatory strategy use had small-to-medium associations with greater subjective cognitive concerns on the Neuro-QOL for the full sample and subsamples ( r range: −.19 to −.49). The CCSS and MMQ-S scores showed acceptable properties for use with young adults.

Examining the Link Between Character Strengths and Positive and Negative Mental Health Indicators in Iranian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 073428292110053
Author(s):  
Mahsa Jabbari ◽  
Shahriar Shahidi ◽  
Leili Panaghi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mazaheri ◽  
Eva Oberle
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Grade Level Differences

Character strengths are an important foundation for positive development and thriving in adolescence. Most research on character strengths has been conducted with youths in Western cultures. We examined character strengths in relation to positive and negative well-being indicators in a sample of Iranian youths. We investigated the reliability and validity of the Farsi version of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA Y-96)—a self-report survey commonly used in Western contexts. Participants were adolescents in Iran ( N = 1,359; 48.5% female; M age = 13.54, SD = 1.00) who completed the VIA Y-96 and questionnaires assessing life satisfaction, positive/negative experiences, depression, anxiety, and stress. We found that reliability coefficients were acceptable for most of the VIA subscales. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as a second-order CFA, supported the construct validity of the Farsi VIA Y-96. Correlations between the character strengths and positive and negative well-being indicators supported convergent validity. Measurement invariance for the VIA Y-96 was established in this study comparing boys’ and girls’ response patterns. Sex and grade level differences were found for some of the subscales. Overall, the Farsi VIA Y-96 had acceptable psychometric properties, suggesting that it can be used in research on character strengths with Iranian youths.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie H Bromberg ◽  
Rocio de la Vega ◽  
Emily F Law ◽  
Chuan Zhou ◽  
Tonya M Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Screening Measure ◽  
Brief Screening

Abstract Objective Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder that is particularly common among adolescents with health conditions. We aimed to develop and validate a brief screening measure of insomnia in adolescents that can be used across clinical and community samples. We hypothesized that we would identify evidence supporting reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and that we would determine preliminary clinical cutoff scores. Methods A team of experts in behavioral sleep medicine developed a 13-item brief screening measure of insomnia in adolescents (Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire [AIQ]). We evaluated the psychometric properties of the AIQ in a sample of 315 youth (11–18 years old, Mean = 14.90, SD = 2.02; 64% female) who had chronic pain (n = 37), headache (n = 170), insomnia diagnosed by a sleep specialist (n = 22), or were otherwise healthy (n = 86). Results Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, we identified three subscales consistent with major diagnostic criteria of insomnia. As expected, the measure showed strong reliability through high internal consistency (α =.91). We also found strong convergent validity through expected positive relationships between the AIQ and self-report measures of sleep disturbance, and divergent validity via weak relationships with parent-report of snoring. Results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) identified a clinical cutoff score that may assist in clinical decision making. Conclusions We found that the AIQ has sound psychometric properties in a large heterogeneous sample of treatment-seeking youth and youth from the community. The AIQ can quickly screen adolescent insomnia and could address an important clinical need in identifying youth in need of insomnia treatment in pediatric practice settings.

scholarly journals DARBUOTOJŲ PSICHOLOGINIS ĮGALINIMAS: LIETUVIŠKOJO TYRIMO METODO PSICHOMETRINĖS CHARAKTERISTIKOS

Psichologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
M. Tvarijonavičius ◽  
D. Bagdžiūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Motivation Scale

Straipsnyje analizuojama darbuotojų psichologinio įgalinimo problema, pristatomas lietuviškas psichologinio įgalinimo vertinimo klausimynas ir jo psichometrinės charakteristikos. Metodas parengtas dviem etapais, naudojant empirinę skalių konstravimo strategiją. Pirmajame etape, taikant grupinio interviu ir ekspertinio vertinimo metodus, parengti psichologinio įgalinimo vertinimo teiginiai. Antrajame etape atliktas empirinis tyrimas (dalyvavo 189 tiriamieji, reprezentuojantys 8 Lietuvos organizacijas). Remiantis jo rezultatais parengtas lietuviškas psichologinio įgalinimo vertinimo klausimynas. Tiriamosios faktorių analizės metodu išskirti penki faktoriai: prasmė, entuziazmas, sprendimų priėmimas, autonomija ir pasitikėjimas kompetencija. Klausimynas pasižymi dideliu vidiniu patikimumu (bendras Cronbacho α = 0,909, atskirų subskalių nuo 0,755 iki 0,880), dideliu konvergentiniu ir diskriminantiniu konstrukto validumu tiek viso klausimyno, tiek atskirų penkių skalių lygmeniu.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: psichologinis įgalinimas, psichologinio įgalinimo klausimynas, patikimumas, validumas.EMPLOYEE PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE LITHUANIAN QUESTIONNAIREMantas Tvarijonavičius, Dalia Bagdžiūnienė SummaryEmployee psychological empowerment is treated as a multidimensional construct manifesting in several dimensions. It has been researched for several decades using various scales depending on the definition of psychological empowerment chosen by a reasercher. However, there is a lack of widely applicable, compact instruments for a reliable and valid assessment of psychological empowerment. Furthermore, there has been a lack of empowerment research in Lithuania. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to construct a Lithuanian psychological empowerment questionnaire and to evaluate its psychometric properties (reliability and validity).The strategy of the empirical construction of a questionnaire was used. At first, statements to describe the concept of psychological empowerment were generated, using group interviews and expert evaluation. Fifteen final items were included into the Lithuanian Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (LPEQ). Then, an empirical research was performed: 189 respondents from 8 organizations filled up the LPEQ, G.M. Spreizer (1995) Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (PEQ), B. E. Ashforth (1990) Helplessness Scale, Intrinsic Motivation Scale (Warr et al., 1979), and socio-demografic questions.The results of the study have revealed that the LPEQ has a high internal reliability (Cronbach α = 0.909). Five factors were extracted using the exploratoryfactor analysis, three items each. Psychological empowerment was defined based on five dimensions: meaning, enthusiasm, decision making, authonomy, and trust in competence. The Cronbach α was between 0.755 and 0.880 for the dimension level. These five dimensions show support for the existing models of psychological empowerment (Spreitzer, 1995; Menon, 2001), but also they supplement these models with for instance, the dimension of enthusiasm.The convergent validity of the LPEQ was confirmed by strong correlations (p < 0.01) between the LPEQ and the PEQ subscales, and the Intrinsic Motivation Scale. It was supported by a negative correlation between the LPEQ subscales and the Helplessness Scale. Based on the analysis of correlations, the discriminant validity of the LPEQ dimensions’ levels was confirmed.In conclusion, the Lithuanian Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (LPEQ) can be characterized as an instrument with appropriate psychometricproperties for the use in research and practice. Directions for the future research in the field have been offered.Key words: psychological empowerment, psychological empowerment questionnaire, reliability, validity.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the HIV/AIDS Knowledge Scale for Spanish adolescents (HIV-KS) / Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Conocimientos sobre VIH/SIDA para adolescentes (VIH-KS)

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Espada ◽  
Tania B. Huedo-Medina ◽  
Mireia Orgilés ◽  
Roberto Secades ◽  
Rafael Ballester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Scale ◽  
Hiv Aids

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en desarrollar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una escala multidimensional para evaluar los conocimientos relacionados con el VIH/SIDA en adolescentes (Escala de conocimientos sobre VIH/SIDA, HIV-KS). Tras un estudio piloto se administró un cuestionario de 48 ítems a una muestra de 14 centros escolares de 5 provincias españolas. Se puso a prueba la estructura teórica del cuestionario mediante un análisis de componentes principales al que se le aplicó un análisis confirmatorio. Se analizó la validez convergente y discriminante y la fiabilidad de la escala y, finalmente, se procedió a comprobar su invarianza factorial en función del género y la edad con una muestra de 1216 participantes. La versión final de HIV-KS estuvo compuesta por 10 ítems distribuidos en 3 factores principales. Los factores incluidos fueron (1) Transmisión oral del VIH, (2) Efectos del VIH, y (3) Otras vías de transmisión del VIH. La escala HIV-KS muestra invarianza en función del género y la edad y buena consistencia interna. HIV-KS es una escala capaz de evaluar de forma rápida y eficaz el grado de conocimientos sobre VIH/SIDA en población adolescente.  Absctract This paper aims to describe the development process, the factor structure, the reliability and validity of a multidimensional scale to measure HIV/AIDS-related knowledge for adolescents (HIV/AIDS Knowledge Scale, HIV-KS). After a pilot study of the items, a questionnaire of 28 items was administered to a sample from 14 different schools in 5 counties in Spain. Firstly, Principal-component analysis was used: first, to test a theory-driven structure and second, to develop an empirically derived factor structure for HIV-KS, which was tested with a confirmatory factor analysis. Secondly, reliability and convergent and discriminant validity were examined and finally, the factorial invariance was analyzed according to gender and age with a sample of 1,216 Spanish adolescents.The final version of the HIV-KS consists of 10 items distributed across three major factors. The factors included are: (1) HIV oral transmission, (2) HIV effects, and (3) other HIV transmission methods. The HIV-KS is invariant across gender and age and shows good validity and internal reliability. HIV-KS is a capable and parsimonious self-report scale for assessing main aspects of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge for adolescents.

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