scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury and Recidivism Among Returning Inmates

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Ray ◽  
Nicholas J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
General Population ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
The Relationship

In recent years, there has been a surge in research that examines the relationship between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and involvement in the criminal justice system. However, the bulk of this research has been largely retrospective and descriptive, comparing rates of TBI in the offending population with the rates of TBI in the general population. Although findings from these studies indicate a higher prevalence of TBI in the offending population, virtually no studies have examined whether those with TBI are more likely to recidivate. To address this gap, the present study examined rearrest post release from prison among a cohort sample of Indiana inmates who were screened using the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification (OSU-TBI-ID) instrument. Findings indicate that, net of control variables, those with TBI were more likely to recidivate sooner than those without TBI. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method to Neuropsychological Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Glover ◽  
Kim Gorgens ◽  
Marybeth Lehto ◽  
Laura Meyer ◽  
Judy Dettmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
The Ohio State University

Offenders in justice system settings have high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in comparison with the general population. Consequently, justice systems are using screening tools to identify and manage these individuals. Currently, that includes screening for TBI history and gross cognitive impairment. The present study attempted to determine whether the modified Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID) was predictive of ongoing cognitive impairment as measured by the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) Core Battery. If so, the OSU TBI-ID could be used as a stand-alone measure of TBI history and impairment. This study had 223 participants (male = 160, female = 62). Sensitivity and specificity results revealed poor (.65) to very poor (.36) estimates for all OSU TBI-ID indices across all ANAM subtests. This study suggests that screening for lifetime history of TBI does not identify cognitive impairment. Implications for screening policy and future research are discussed.

Street Intersection Characteristics and Their Impacts on Perceived Bicycling Safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (46) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailai Wang ◽  
Gulsah Akar
Keyword(s):  
Ohio State University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Safety Perceptions ◽  
Intersection Safety ◽  
Experience Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Street Intersection ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Safety concerns are among the main issues that deter people from bicycling in the U.S. Earlier studies have explored the associations between characteristics of intersection design and bicyclists’ safety perceptions. Research shows that there are significant links between bicycling choice, safety perceptions, bicycling experience levels, and socio-demographics. Yet the existing bicycling safety-rating models do not control for individuals’ socio-demographics and their levels of bicycling experience, which are known to affect bicycling choice. This study develops a Perceived Bicycling Intersection Safety (PBIS) model which helps engineers, planners, and decision makers to understand better how a wide range of intersection features contribute to bicyclists’ safety perceptions, controlling for socio-demographics and bicycling experience. The empirical analysis is based on an online visual survey conducted at the main campus of The Ohio State University through March and April 2017. Results showed that visual surveys are effective in capturing information about bicycling preferences. The paper concludes with recommendations for infrastructure decisions and suggestions for future research. The results of this study can help planners design street intersections that bicyclists will prefer. Our model can be applied elsewhere to test the effects of different intersection and street features.

The Role of Fluid Mechanics in Atherogenesis

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Nerem ◽  
J. F. Cornhill
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
The Many

A specialists meeting on “The Role of Fluid Mechanics in Atherogenesis” was held August 24–25, 1978, at The Ohio State University. This meeting was a followup to a similar meeting held in 1974 [1, 2]. The present status of our knowledge of the importance of fluid mechanics in the initiation and progression of arterial lesions is summarized on the basis of the experimental data presented at the meeting; no attempt is made to provide a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. Three basic aspects are addressed: firstly, the localization of arterial lesions; secondly, the local hemodynamics of arterial segments with a high predilection to the development of lesions; and thirdly, the interaction of hemodynamic factors with the arterial wall. The many unresolved questions, apparently conflicting experimental data and areas in need of future research on the role of fluid mechanics in atherogenesis are identified specifically.

Effects of Timbre on College Woodwind Players' Intonational Performance and Perception

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Ely
Keyword(s):  
Ohio State University ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
State University ◽  
Performance Task ◽  
School Of Music ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of timbre on musicians' intonational acuities during a listening and a performance task. Nine saxophonists, nine clarinetists, and nine flutists from The Ohio State University School of Music participated in the listening and performance segments of this experiment. The performance data consisted of subjects' intonational deviations from recorded examples, and the listening data consisted of subjects' correct and incorrect responses to in-tune or out-of-tune tone pairs. The relationship between subjects' abilities to perform in tune and detect intonation problems, and the effects of timbre on subjects' abilities to perform in tune and detect intonation problems were assessed. Results revealed a low correlation between subjects abilities to play in tune and their abilities to detect intonation problems. Results also indicated that timbre had a significant effect on subjects' abilities to detect intonation problems, but not on their abilities to play in tune. Although there was no significant difference between instrument groups' abilities to detect intonation problems, a significant difference was found between these groups' abilities to play in tune across all timbres. Subjects played significantly more flat than sharp when matching other instrument timbres.

Airfoil Deflection Characteristics During Rub Events

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin E. Turner ◽  
Michael Dunn ◽  
Corso Padova
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
State University ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
Transient Forces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Key Parameter

The turbomachinery industry continually struggles with the adverse effects of contact rubs between airfoils and casings. The key parameter controlling the severity of a given rub event is the contact load produced when the airfoil tips incur into the casing. These highly nonlinear and transient forces are difficult to calculate and their effects on the static and rotating components are not well understood. To help provide this insight, experimental and analytical capabilities have been established and exercised through an alliance between GE Aviation and The Ohio State University Gas Turbine Laboratory. One of the early findings of the program is the influence of blade flexibility on the physics of rub events. The focus of this paper is to quantify the influence of airfoil flexibility through a novel modeling approach that is based on the relationship between the applied force duration and maximum tip deflection. Results from the model are compared with experimental results, providing sound verification.

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