A Middleman’s Process: Booking and Managing Musical Theater Venues in Montreal from the 1880s to the First World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614421990013
Author(s):  
Antje Dietze
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
American Theater ◽  
Dynamic Phase ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

This article focuses on the way musical theater venues in Montreal were booked and managed during the continental integration of North American theater industries from the 1880s to the First World War. It investigates how local theater owners and managers cooperated with representatives of U.S.-American circuits and booking agencies that provided the shows. They had to find ways to reconcile the fragmented audiences in the bilingual city with the increasingly standardized theatrical offers available. A closer look at different kinds of mediating actors and organizations and at the range and mechanisms of the supply networks explains why those relations often did not remain anchored in a particular venue over a longer period. The profiles of theaters in Montreal shifted frequently when an especially dynamic phase of social and cultural specialization in the urban sphere overlapped with growing trans-regional rivalries between competing theatrical circuits.

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN OF UKRAINE IN MILITARY FORMATIONS IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: CURRENT HISTORIOGRAPHY

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Mariia Huk
Keyword(s):  
Military History ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

The article is focuses on the study of the issues of participation of women of Ukraine in military formations in the First World War by modern Ukrainian historiography (1991-2016). Based on the topic, the author tried to solve the following research tasks: to identify which aspects of women's military history are within the interest of historians, to analyze the scale, character and level of research of the topic. The author found that the study of women's military history is gaining momentum. Historians are actively searching women's stories in the sources of those times; they are in the process of gathering information. They call military history “personal” because research on the subject is partially based on reports of the press about women volunteers and mainly on participants' personal documents, memoirs and letters. In the letters, women wrote about the way to the front, military life, a little about participation in battles, relations with soldiers; they also left information about each other. At the same time, each of the women had personal experience of war, own motives and results. Therefore, historians concluded that "this experience is quite difficult to summarize ". Modern researchers approach the study of women's stories not only in terms of heroism but trying to understand the causes and consequences of women's actions. The authors mention such main reasons as boredom of everyday life, escape from duties and national impulse. Inspired by the new fashionable views on life, the girls tried to escape from their everyday duties; they wanted to overcome social barriers and to prove that women were capable to cope with any work. The escape to the front was an attempt to change the way of life. Women who came to the front and participated in hostilities had to adapt quickly to difficult conditions and trials; they had to fight and to protect their own lives. The authors also analyze how society perceived the phenomenon of women in the war. Military commanders heroized their actions with the reason to raise the fighting spirit. However, the views of military men varied: the village guys welcomed and supported the girls; on the contrary, the men from the intelligent circle condemned women regarding them as competitors. Civil women believed that the girls had forgotten their traditional duty, they could have been more helpful in hospitals and doing charity. The author of the article also found that the participation of women in the military unit of the Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen was better studied. The researchers concluded that the Ukrainian women who lived in the Russian Empire supported the call in 1917 of the Provisional Government and Maria Bochkareva to form women's combat battalions. Women were motivated to go to the front by the same reasons as women in the ranks of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen: failures in love, the desire to escape from violence and humiliation in the family, domestic problems, the desire to avenge the dead relatives and loved ones. In big cities such as Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa, Poltava, the Ukrainian women willingly enrolled in the army. Anyway, the inclusion of women in the combat units of the army of the Russian Empire was found out fragmentary, there are almost no names and characteristics of the activity of the women's battalions. Only a few researchers pay attention to the messages in the then newspapers about escapes and the heroic deeds of girls in the war. These issues require the search of information and detailed study. The author came to the conclusion that most of the questions remain scientifically open requiring the search for information about women in the ranks of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen and the army of the Russian Empire for the generalization of information and creation of a coherent picture of the military service of women at the front of the First World War.

Kikuyu and Edinburgh: the interaction of attitudes to two conferences

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 345-359
Author(s):  
Stuart P. Mews
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Times ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

Two conferences of some significance took place shortly before the First World War: the World Missionary Conference at Edinburgh in 1910, and the Kikuyu Conference, held at a Church of Scotland mission station at an out-of-the-way place in East Africa in 1913. In an Ecumenical Age, the fame of the former is likely to endure, the notoriety of the latter to be forgotten. Yet it was the controversy raised by the second conference which caused Lord Morley to remark that the ‘cacophonous’ name of Kikuyu might one day rival in fame that of Trent. Another grand claim was made for Kikuyu by the Bishop of Zanzibar—one with which The Times agreed—that ‘there has not been a conference of such importance to the life of the Ecclesia Anglicana since the Reformation’.

scholarly journals Nazione e Stato nella storia d'Italia

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Rogari
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

The book delineates the emergence of a unitary state from the bedrock of a nation formed over centuries. It retraces the major advances in the integration between the state and civil society achieved in the first fifty years after unification, and the disastrous consequences wrought by the First World War and by Fascism. It underscores the way in which the post-war democratic revival rewound the virtuous process of construction of a state capable of expressing the Italian "plural nation". Despite this, it also stresses the way in which the ethical deterioration and the corruption of the political and administrative class that came to a head during the last twenty years of the twentieth century have again brought to the fore the problem of the construction of shared institutions.

scholarly journals The Way of the Warrior in Interwar Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

In the 1860s, Japan was pulled out of its centuries-long isolation and forced to rapidly adapt to the industrialized world. The state quickly made friends with the more established Western powers and was able to impress them with its surprising miliary victories over China in 1895, Russia in 1905, and Germany in 1919. However, the goodwill that Japan had garnered with the West evaporated after the First World War. How could a nation so adept at modern militarism and economics alienate every friend it had in the span of 25 years? The answer stems from Japan's long feudal age; in the twentieth century, Japan was unable to reconcile feudal concepts of Bushidō and Shinto with emerging Wilsonian idealism, leading to a fundamental disconnect that drove the Japanese down the path to confrontation with the nations that had ushered it into the modern era.

scholarly journals El sentido de la muerte y la crueldad durante la Primera Guerra Mundial

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Wilson R. Pabón Q.
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Art Of War ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way ◽  
The Art Of War

ResumenDurante la Primera Guerra Mundial se utilizaron adelantos tecnológicos que se destinaron al servicio de la muerte. Quienes hicieron parte de los enfrentamientos soñaban con una guerra romántica, pero se encontraron con la muerte industrializada, que no distinguía amigos ni enemigos. El presente estudio pretende analizar la forma en que quienes participaron en ella verían el morir y entenderían la crueldad. A partir del análisis de testimonios de la época, con las herramientas de análisis propuestas por varios estudiosos, se intentará comprender cómo la guerra y la muerte cambiaron las percepciones de la vida y la muerte alrededor de la guerra. Palabras clave: Primera Guerra Mundial, muerte, crueldad, neurosis de guerra, violencia expresiva, consentimiento asesino, testigo, testimonio.*****************************************************************The sense of death and the cruelty during the First World WarAbstractDuring the First World War it was used advanced technologies, which were designated to the service of death. Those who were part of confrontations dreamt about a romantic war, but they found an industrialized war, which did not differentiate either friends or enemies. The pretension is to analyse the way in which those who participate in it would see the dying process and would understand the cruelty in a different way. From this analysis of testimonies of the epoch, with the tools of the study proposed by several scholars, it will be proved how war and death changed the perception of life and interpersonal relationships for the 20th century.Key words: First World War, death, cruelty, expressive violence, testimony, the art of war.*********************************************************O sentido da morte e a crueldade durante a Primeira Guerra MundialResumoDurante a Primeira Guerra Mundial foram utilizados avanços tecnológicos que se destinaram ao serviço da morte. Aqueles que participaram dos enfrentamentos sonhavam com uma guerra romântica, mas se encontraram com a morte industrializada, que não diferenciava amigos nem inimigos. Pretende-se analisar a forma em que aqueles que participaram dela veriam o morrer e entenderiam a crueldade de uma maneira diferente. Partindo da análise das testemunhas da época, com as ferramentas analíticas propostas por vários estudiosos, vai se demonstrar como a guerra e a morte mudaram as percepções da vida e as relações interpessoais para o século XX. Palavras chave: Primeira Guerra Mundial, Morte, Crueldade, Violência expressiva, Testemunha, Arte da guerra

scholarly journals The First World War and the refugee crisis: historiography and memory in the Greek context

HISTOREIN ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Emilia Salvanou
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
National Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

The paper aims to trace the historiographical construction of the Great War in the Greek national narrative. Its main argument is that although the First World War was more or less a shared experience among its participants, the way it was constructed as an event is aligned not to the experience as such, but to the national discourse that subsequently prevailed. In the Greek case, its historiographical construction took place in three main stages: the first during the interwar period, when the temporal framework of the event were set (the war decade of 1912–1922) and the interest was mainly in the military and political aspects. The second stage developed after the Second World War, when there was a turn towards testimonies and the field of refugee studies was shaped. It was during this stage that the memory of the refugees found its place in the national narrative. The third stage began in the last quarter of the twentieth century, when a split developed in the way the event is constructed in public and lay history and in the way it is constructed in academic historiography, where the limits of national historiographies are critiqued.

scholarly journals The Greek Middlebrow Magazine Μπουκέτο (1924‒46) and its Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina Gkogkou
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Middlebrow Culture ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Periodical Publishing ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

This article introduces one of the first popular literary miscellanies published in Greece after the First World War, Μπουκέτο [Bouquet] (1924‒46). The first of its kind in the country, it led the way to a new type of periodical with subject matter ranging from serialized novels to short jokes, along with a modern layout featuring fine and plentiful illustrations. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the cultural field, the article starts by showing that the magazine was a manifestation of middlebrow culture, combining commercial values with legitimate cultural aspirations and an eagerness to educate the masses. After situating the magazine in the cultural field of Greek periodical publishing and specifying its audience, the article focuses on its supplements, which followed the magazine’s publishing success. These were spin-off publications associated with the magazine, such as Βιβλιοθήκη του Μπουκέτου [Bouquet’s Library] (1924‒36), a series of translated classic novels, the annual Ημερολόγιον του Μπουκέτου [Bouquet’s Calendar] (1926‒33), and pamphlets or pull-outs sewn into the central pages of the magazine. The analysis draws attention to the characteristics, as well as the threads connecting them to the parent publication. The article traces the reasons that triggered the magazine’s subsidiary products and, by extension, the purposes they fulfilled, as well as the way they were used by the magazine throughout its lifespan in an attempt to create a name for itself and engage its readership.

“Completely Forgotten and Totally Ignored”: Czechoslovak Veterans of the Austro-Hungarian Army and the Transitions of 1918-1919

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jiří Hutečka
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Traditional Assumption ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article uses Czechoslovakia as an example of the process of transition following the end of the First World War and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. It analyzes the military context of the transition itself, showing how difficult, violent, and prolonged a process it was, in contrast to the traditional assumption of a quickly emergent successor state built on the ethnic-based enthusiasm of its Czech-speaking population. In the second part, it goes on to analyze the memory of the transition and the position it came to hold in the overall narrative of this period of the interwar years, with specific attention given to the way Czech-speaking veterans of Austro-Hungarian service tried to retell the story of the transition, and why their proposed narratives ill-fitted the official discourse of the war as the “national struggle for independence” of Czechoslovakia.

Remembering Balfour: empire, race and propaganda

Race & Class ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Freeman-Maloy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Adventure Stories ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

To mark the centenary of the Balfour Declaration (November 1917), which paved the way towards the dispossession of the Palestinians, this article reflects on how imperial strategy, ideas about race, and institutionalised propaganda converged to shape Britain’s contribution to the ‘Palestine problem’. The author illustrates the imperial tradition that shaped British support for Zionism by tracing the trajectory of John Buchan’s career. Buchan was an influential novelist, best known as the author of adventure stories including The Thirty-Nine Steps. He wrote in the service of Empire. During the first world war, Buchan spearheaded propaganda for the Empire’s eastward expansion and directed the propaganda service as Palestine fell to British troops. He began his career in South Africa, mentored by Lord Milner, and worked as a literary spokesperson for the policy of white rule. He ended it in Canada, serving as the country’s Governor General. This article foregrounds Canada as a settler polity with a privileged place in Buchan’s philosophy, and where Buchan’s approach to supporting Zionism thrived. And it explores Buchan’s hostile construction both of a menacing Islam and of ‘the Jew’. Buchan was not the only Briton to disparage Jews ‘at home’ only to find a place for them on the frontier.

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