Portugal’s Rising Research in Architecture and Urbanism: The Influence of International Research Centers and Authors

2020 ◽  
pp. 009614422096807
Author(s):  
Patrícia Bento d’Almeida ◽  
Teresa Marat-Mendes ◽  
Michel Toussaint
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
National Program ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
International Audience ◽  
The Government

In the early 1960s, Portugal saw a rise in scientific research on architecture and urbanism at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil; LNEC), fundamental to support the Government in establishing a national program for housing, which continued until the fall of the Dictatorship in 1974. Lacking tradition in scientific studies in architecture and urbanism, a group of young architects with knowledge of references from international researchers and research centers gathered encouragement and opportunities to develop their own research works and methodologies and, later, to question the application of such scientific methods. This article aims to identify and discuss the strategies and methodologies explored to develop these seminal researches, retrieving and reappraising LNEC’s archived documents and oral testimonials from former researchers. We aim at exposing the foundations of Portuguese scientific research on architecture and urbanism and its contributions to an international audience.

Meeting for the Co-ordination and Planning of the Collection of African Oral Traditions

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-564
Author(s):  
Michel Izard
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Written Sources

This meeting was organised jointly by the Government of Haute-Volta and by the Cultural Division of U.N.E.S.C.O., which had taken the initiative, as part of its preparation for a general History of Africa. In this context one must mention also the recent colloquia held at Niamey and at Timbuktu, the former concerned with oral, the second with written sources, ofAfrican history. This Ouagadougou meeting was essentially logistic in character; having established in principle that it is necessary to collect African oral traditions in order to fill out the outlines of history, the task was to list the problems of all kinds posed by the work of collection, and to consider possible solutions, especially in connection with both national and international research plans.

Challenges and opportunities for social entrepreneurs in civil engineering in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Ferreira Vasconcellos ◽  
Bernardo Henrique Leso ◽  
Marcelo Nogueira Cortimiglia
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

Purpose This paper aims to identify challenges and opportunities for social enterprises (SE) in civil engineering in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Starting from the transformative social innovation theory and inspired by grounded theory principles, this paper conducts three-stage exploratory research. First, this paper mapped the Brazilian SE civil engineering ecosystem. Next, this paper classified the SE initiatives along with an organizing framework. Finally, this paper conducted 11 interviews with key ecosystem actors and analyzed data through iterative, parallel and interrelated content analysis procedures. Findings The 37 SE found were classified along “Sustainability,” “Housing,” “Transportation” and “Sanitation” pillars, which are aligned with the United Nations’ social development goals. This paper found 50 challenges and opportunities, which were aggregated along seven dimensions. Three elements are particularly relevant as opportunities: opportunities for SE with ecosystem supporters, specialized investors and partnership with major companies; while government and early investment are the most relevant challenges. Research limitations/implications Research findings and conclusions cannot be extended to other sectors and countries. Usual limitations associated with exploratory qualitative research must also be highlighted. Practical implications The government should offer financial and technical support for civil engineering in working in partnership with ecosystem supporters. Academy could use SE content and ecosystem for its students and should offer diverse resources for network creation. Originality/value Focusing on civil engineering SE in Brazil, this study sheds light on a high-impact sector that has not been studied yet.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Food Shortage in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Robert Ngelela Shole
Keyword(s):  
Food Shortage ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Status ◽  
Probable Answer ◽  
The Government ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Globally food shortage is still a problem for instance Africa, the most of popular region in the world still has the highest of under nourished. The probable answer to what are the factors influencing food shortage In Tanzania are not well known and documented. This study sought to assess the factors influencing the food shortage in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality by identifying factors influencing food shortage, determining the status of food availability and accessibility and finding out the possible measures to be taken in order to overcome the problem of food. Structured questionnaire, observation and Oral interview had been useful for collecting primary information in which the best recorded interviewees were analyzed supplemented by documentaries. Generally, this study concludes that food shortage in the study area is influencing by, climate change, bad tradition believe, poor government support, laziness culture, land degradation and infertility land. However, the government should not delay to implement its policies practically especially to the small producers so as to establish strong base on agriculture. Also, the government to employ as many as it can agricultural officers so as to allow farmers to get frequent visitors who will  advise them on how to produce efficiently their products by using irrigation methods and scientific methods like the use of improved seeds.  

scholarly journals Bringing optical metrology to testing and inspection activities in civil engineering

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Luis Martins ◽  
Álvaro Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Do Céu Almeida ◽  
João Alves e Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Laser Interferometry ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Optical Metrology ◽  
Future Research

<p class="Abstract">Optical metrology has an increasing impact on observation and experimental activities in Civil Engineering, contributing to the Research and development of innovative, non-invasive techniques applied in testing and inspection of infrastructures and construction materials to ensure safety and quality of life. Advances in specific applications are presented in the paper, highlighting the application cases carried out by LNEC (the Portuguese National Laboratory for Civil Engineering). </p><p class="Abstract">The examples include: (i) structural monitoring of a long-span suspension bridge; (ii) use of close circuit television (CCTV) cameras in drain and sewer inspection; (iii) calibration of a large-scale seismic shaking table with laser interferometry; (iv) destructive mechanical testing of masonry specimens.</p><p class="Abstract">Current and future research work in this field is emphasized in the final section. Examples given are related to the use of Moiré techniques for digital modelling of reduced-scale hydraulic surfaces and to the use of laser interferometry for calibration of strain measurement standard for the geometrical evaluation of concrete testing machines.</p>

scholarly journals Innovations in Latvian Sport Strategic Planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Uldis Grāvītis ◽  
Biruta Luika
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
National Program ◽  
Planning Period ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
The Government

Taking into account the importance of sport in the formation of physically and mentally healthy nation, and in the strengthening of national identity, the government of Latvia in 2004 has ratified Basic Statement for Sport Policy, including main directions of sport policy, its aims and sub goals, priorities, results to be reached and the directions of activity. To implement this Basic Statement, was worked out National Program for Sport development from 2006 to 2012.Soon this planning period will be completed and it is necessary to find out what to improve in next document of sport strategic planning.

scholarly journals Social Work or Relief Work? A Crisis in Professional Social Work

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Harasankar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Relief Work ◽  
Evaluative Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
Children Of Sex Workers

AbstractSocial work is a sharing and caring profession based on scientific methods. This problem solving profession makes people self-reliant and self-dependent when he/she is in any sorts of crises. Thus, it differs from relief work, social services or social welfare delivered during emergence crises. This paper examined the application of professional social work as relief work, which did not bring any change among the beneficiaries; rather it set their mind as opportunist. For this purpose, the programme sponsored by the government of India and implemented by nongovernmental organizations for rehabilitation of the street children (i.e., pavements and slums dwellers, children of sex workers, and so forth) of Metro cities like Kolkata had priority. This evaluative study assessed the progress and changes among 500 street children who were the beneficiaries for 10 years of the programme, selected according to their parental residents/occupation through stratified sampling. Interviews, case studies and group interaction were used to collect data on various aspects, i.e. personal background, education, and occupation of these children. It revealed that after almost 10 years of services, the problem of children was static. Firstly, service delivery system was as relief work. The methods of social work were not implied while the professionals were in implementation. On the other hand, the scope of monitoring and evaluation of the programme by government was suspended due to several reasons. Definitely, the politicalization in human development would be restricted. The problems of suffering would be root out and it should not be a continued process.

scholarly journals Visibilité de la production scientifique : une étude scientométrique au Pôle Universitaire Lyonnais

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Prime-Claverie ◽  
Stéphanie Pouchot ◽  
Thierry Lafouge ◽  
Benoît Epron
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Scientometric Study

L’infométrie joue un rôle important dans l’évaluation des organismes de recherche et de leur politique. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude scientométrique sur la production des chercheurs des établissements scientifiques du Pôle Universitaire Lyonnais menée entre 2000 et 2005.Informetrics plays an important part in the evaluation of research organizations as well as their policies. In this context, we will share results from a scientometric study on outputs from University of Lyon scientific research centers conducted between 2000 and 2005.

VI. The Royal Society and the Government Grant: Notes on the Administration of Scientific Research, 1849–191

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Societies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Support Of Research ◽  
Public Money ◽  
Government Grant ◽  
Century Science

The development of government participation in the support of research is one of the most significant characteristics of nineteenth-century science. As public money became available for science, the social framework of research underwent a profound transformation. This process of transformation is not easy to define, but the response of scientific societies and institutions sometimes provides significant clues.

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