Nano strategies in diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory Hyperlagesia

Background: There is an unmet need for effective diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory pain and subsequent hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia). The nanotechnology and nano drug delivery could be a probable answer to solve this problem; this novel technique will surely take diagnosis of pain and anti-inflammatory therapy to newer heights offering faster pain relief to the patient. Objective: This study aims to collect more information about aspects of nanotechnology based applications towards pain management. Methods: A systemic search has been carried out using PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, etc. for relevant articles. Results and Conclusions: The article reviews possible application of nano science for betterment of anti-inflammatory therapy, which may help pain researchers. Our systematic analysis of previous studies showed that, with the ease of nanotechnology, we can effectively lower down the side effects and tolerance associated with current pain management systems. Advance nanomaterial based therapies will undoubtedly reduce the time span associated along with fewer side effects. By merging nanotechnology aspects along with drug carrier systems, we can effectively design such systems with inherent properties to treat pain.

Meaning. Are the tools of rhetoric useful in studying the matter?

The discussion centres around two issues: the issue of meaning, and the question whether the tools of rhetoric viewed as the basic tool in interpersonal communication (be it everyday or specialist communication) can be helpful in reading and interpreting meaning. The author understands meaning after G. Frege: […] let the following phraseology be established: A proper name (word, sign, sign combination, expression) expresses its sense, stands for or designates its reference. By means of a sign we express its sense and designate its reference. The purpose of the discussion is also to answer a much more general question: whether through rhetoric can one say something important about the world, so do they define a philosophical thesis or only, from various perspectives, one searches for the most probable answer to a hypothesis. The presented assumption is a result of the suggestion of Willard van Orman Quine: Rhetoric is the literary technology of persuasion, for good or ill, and it entails something which Randal Marlin defined as referentially translucent expressions. Therefore, the hypothesis I shall try to prove is the following: can the sense of any expression be, using the tools of rhetoric, defined to such an extent so that it becomes a philosophical thesis and not a hypothesis? So that in terms of both the subject and the object the expression could be considered as true. Then and only then can one say that such an expression has/contains some (but not any) sense.

CoRg: Commonsense Reasoning Using a Theorem Prover and Machine Learning

Commonsense reasoning is an everyday task that is intuitive for humans but hard to implement for computers. It requires large knowledge bases to get the required data from, although this data is still incomplete or even inconsistent. While machine learning algorithms perform rather well on these tasks, the reasoning process remains a black box. To close this gap, our system CoRg aims to build an explainable and well-performing system, which consists of both an explainable deductive derivation process and a machine learning part. We conduct our experiments on the Copa question-answering benchmark using the ontologies WordNet, Adimen-SUMO, and ConceptNet. The knowledge is fed into the theorem prover Hyper and in the end the conducted models will be analyzed using machine learning algorithms, to derive the most probable answer.

Factors Influencing Food Shortage in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality, Tanzania

Globally food shortage is still a problem for instance Africa, the most of popular region in the world still has the highest of under nourished. The probable answer to what are the factors influencing food shortage In Tanzania are not well known and documented. This study sought to assess the factors influencing the food shortage in Mtwara Mikindani Municipality by identifying factors influencing food shortage, determining the status of food availability and accessibility and finding out the possible measures to be taken in order to overcome the problem of food. Structured questionnaire, observation and Oral interview had been useful for collecting primary information in which the best recorded interviewees were analyzed supplemented by documentaries. Generally, this study concludes that food shortage in the study area is influencing by, climate change, bad tradition believe, poor government support, laziness culture, land degradation and infertility land. However, the government should not delay to implement its policies practically especially to the small producers so as to establish strong base on agriculture. Also, the government to employ as many as it can agricultural officers so as to allow farmers to get frequent visitors who will advise them on how to produce efficiently their products by using irrigation methods and scientific methods like the use of improved seeds.

Job, His Daughters and His Wife

The epilogue and prologue of the book of Job reveal that Job treated his second set of daughters better than his first: Job's first daughters are invited to their brothers' birthday feasts, but they have no birthday feasts of their own. This reveals a practice of benevolent yet prejudicial exclusion within the Joban family system that contrasts heavily with the epilogue's description of how Job's second set of daughters received ‘inheritances among their brothers’. This contrast raises the question as to what caused Job to change in this treatment of his daughters. A probable answer is explored in this article: namely, that Job's suffering approximated the experience of his first set of daughters to the extent that Job suffered through no fault of his own and therefore, through his suffering, Job gained empathy for his daughters leading to a remarkable change in terms of how Job treated his second set of daughters. It follows that Job's suffering had the purpose of stimulating an ethical reform that could only have been achieved via Job's unjust suffering.

Intuitionistic Group Decision Making to Identify the Status of Student's Knowledge Acquisition in E-Learning Systems

Learner's performance evaluation in an E-learning environment is a multi-criteria decision problem and important to personalize the sequence of learning concepts according to their knowledge level. Crisp responses, leads uncertainty in the evaluation process due to successful guesses or choosing a more probable answer. Analysis of learner's response to a complex/subjective questions needs more effort. Moreover, due to uncertainty and imprecise nature of learner, traditional methods are inadequate to assess, how much time he has spent on studying the learning contents and also the number of backtracking he followed. This paper proposes an intuitionistic fuzzy multicriteria decision making that investigates the use of an intuitionistic fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS method) for the evaluation of student in an E-learning environment. Synthetic data are created for the criteria's that affect the student evaluation in E-learning domain and thereafter results are evaluated.

Rama in the royal title of the Hungarian kings

The region (zupa) of Rama was enlisted in the official title of the Hungarian kings around 1138, as it is known from an official document. The exact answer to the question under which circumstances it happened has never been reached. It is most probable that Rama was not just other name for Bosnia as it was proposed in historiography, neither was a part of Bosnia conquered by military action of the Hungarian king around 1135. Having in mind that Rama was a part of the principality of Raska during the Early Middle Ages, it is quite possible that Rama became part of the official title of the Hungarian kings through some direct connections between ruling families of Hungary and Raska. The most probable answer could be reached through the examination of these relations. Namely, a daughter of Raska's zupan, Uros I, Helena, was married to the Hungarian crown prince Bela in 1129, when Rama was, most probably, part of Helena's dowry. When the crown prince became king of Hungary in 1131, Rama was included in his royal title. Later on during the Middle Ages Rama became part of Bosnia giving ground to the Hungarian kings to claim whole Bosnia as their heritage. .

The Position of Shari'a Within the Uae Constitution and the Federal Supreme Court's Application of the Constitutional Clause Concerning Shari'a

The preceding Supreme Court decisions led to the following conclusions: firstly, although the Supreme Court in these decisions repeatedly insists that recourse to Islamic Shari'a is a matter of policy to be left entirely to the federal legislature, the Court repeatedly announced that all federal legislation should be derived from Islamic Shari'a. The Court thus adopted the Islamists position according to which any legislation violating the Shari'a dictates should be considered unconstitutional.66 Secondly, although, as mentioned, there was strong evidence of an apparent conflict between the Constitution and the laws dealt with by the Supreme Court in the aforementioned judgments, the Court was reluctant to declare the laws unconstitutional. This is accounted for by the Court's insistence on creating uniformity among these judgments. Greater conflict occurred between the Constitution and Articles 61 and 62 of Abu Dhabi Law than occurred between the Constitution and the Alcoholic Drinks Laws of Abu Dhabi and Sharjah. The fact that there was seen to be no conflict between the Constitution and Articles 61 and 62 naturally led the Supreme Court (for the purpose of creating uniformity among its judgments) to deny the existence of conflict between the Alcoholic Drinks Laws and the Constitution. Thirdly, the Supreme Court in interpreting and applying Article 7 of the Constitution in the judgments mentioned above, distinguished between civil and criminal matters. In answering the question of the legality of bank interest, the Court considered the application of the Shari'a as a matter of policy to be left to the legislature, and not for the judiciary to decide. Concerning the application of the Shari'a in criminal matters, the Court declared that the lower federal courts should apply the punishments prescribed by the Shari'a in Hudud offences. Indeed, practice in the UAE shows the application of Shari'a in the sphere of criminal matters only; it does not apply to commercial matters, especially in the case of applying interest in commercial law as proven by the Supreme Court in the Junatta Bank case. The roots of such a distinction can be found in the answer to the question, why was the application of Shari'a rules regarding Hudud offences made obligatory by the Supreme Court, while the application of the Shari'a rules affecting bank interest was not? The probable answer is that the Supreme Court has shied away from applying the Shari'a where it would threaten orderly economic development and the modernisation of its institutions.67 The application of Hudud punishments, by comparison, threatens no such disruption.