scholarly journals Attachment Orientations Guide the Transfer of Leadership Judgments: Culture Matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dritjon Gruda ◽  
Konstantinos Kafetsios
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Leader Effectiveness ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Treatment Expectations ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Behavioral Expectations ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
Individualistic Culture

Two experiments tested the role of global and relationship-specific attachment orientations in leader transference, a social-cognitive process in which mental representations of past leaders are associated with the evaluations of new, similar leaders. Individuals scoring higher on anxious attachment were more likely to hold high just treatment expectations of new leaders who were similar to their previous leaders. Conversely, avoidant individuals evaluated new similar leaders low on just treatment expectations and perceived them as less effective. Relationship-specific attachment orientations predicted transfer of behavioral judgments of just treatment, while global attachment orientations predicted transfer of perceived leader effectiveness. These effects were moderated by culture. In two collectivistic cultures (Greece and India), avoidant individuals demonstrated low just treatment expectations of their new similar leader. In an individualistic culture (United States), avoidant participants showed high behavioral expectations of their new, similar, leader. The results inform emerging views on relational social-cognitive processes in leader–follower interactions.

Attachment–style Differences in the Appraisal of the Attachment Figure

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Dewitte ◽  
Jan De Houwer
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Cognitive Inhibition ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Attachment Figure ◽  
Specific Attachment

The present study investigated the distinctive effects of global and specific attachment styles on the processing of attachment–figure cues, focusing specifically on the role of cognitive inhibition. We manipulated the temporal accessibility of specific attachment styles and measured automatic inhibitory processes using a negative affective priming (NAP) task presenting positive and negative words. We also measured one's explicit attitude towards the attachment figure. Results showed that specific, but not global, attachment styles influenced the processing of attachment–figure cues. We also found that participants primed with a secure attachment style showed a better inhibition of negative traits than those primed with an insecure style. At the explicit level, the anxious attachment types showed a more negative evaluation of their attachment figure than primed secures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Understanding and reducing tension between science and religion: The role of meaning in social cognitive biases and reducing defensiveness

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl R. Van Tongeren ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green ◽  
Timothy L. Hulsey ◽  
Cristine H. Legare ◽  
David G. Bromley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Science And Religion

scholarly journals To sext or not to sext. The role of social-cognitive processes in the decision to engage in sexting

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1429
Author(s):  
Claire Wilson ◽  
Tommy van Steen ◽  
Christabel Akinyode ◽  
Zara P. Brodie ◽  
Graham G. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Relationship Status ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Technology has given rise to online behaviors such as sexting. It is important that we examine predictors of such behavior in order to understand who is more likely to sext and thus inform intervention aimed at sexting awareness. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine sexting beliefs and behavior. Participants (n = 418; 70.3% women) completed questionnaires assessing attitudes (instrumental and affective), subjective norms (injunctive and descriptive), control perceptions (self-efficacy and controllability) and intentions toward sexting. Specific sexting beliefs (fun/carefree beliefs, perceived risks and relational expectations) were also measured and sexting behavior reported. Relationship status, instrumental attitude, injunctive norm, descriptive norm and self-efficacy were associated with sexting intentions. Relationship status, intentions and self-efficacy related to sexting behavior. Results provide insight into the social-cognitive factors related to individuals’ sexting behavior and bring us closer to understanding what beliefs predict the behavior.

The Silver Lining in the Dark Cloud of Social Status Insecurity: The Mediating Role of Popularity Goals in the Association Between Social Status Insecurity and Chinese Adolescents’ Bullying Bystander Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110234
Author(s):  
Yuchi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Lan ◽  
Guanyu Cui ◽  
Jingke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Status Insecurity ◽  
Peer Factors ◽  
Defending Behaviors ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Bullying bystander behavior has an important effect on bullying—both in stopping and facilitating it. Although bullying bystander behaviors have long been understood as a peer group process, existing research that focuses on the role of peer factors is still limited. Moreover, less is known about the social cognitive-related role of peer factors and its underlying mechanisms in adolescents’ bullying bystander behaviors. Accordingly, using resource control theory, this study examines the mediating effects of popularity goals on the associations between social status insecurity and bullying bystander behaviors (active defending behaviors, passive bystanding behaviors) among 333 Chinese adolescents (181 males; Mage = 13.10; SD = .50). Analyses were conducted using SPSS 23 to conduct descriptive and correlation analyses. The hypothesized mediation model was tested using a structural equation modeling approach with bootstrapping techniques (bootstrap replications: 5,000) using AMOS 23. The results showed that popularity goals fully mediated the relationship between adolescents’ social status insecurity and their active defending behaviors. No gender differences in these mediating effects were observed. The results also indicated that popularity goals did not mediate the relationship between social status insecurity and passive bystanding behaviors. These findings enrich our understanding of bullying bystander behaviors and highlight the positive role of social cognitive factors (e.g., popularity goals) in active defending behaviors. Our findings deepen our understanding of bullying bystanders through integrating proximate and ultimate approaches. Our findings have significant practical implications, which suggest that school anti-bullying interventions should value the positive roles of social status insecurity and popularity goals in promoting active defending behaviors.

Predictors of Sexual Risk in Latino Gay/Bisexual Men: The Role of Demographic, Developmental, Social Cognitive, and Behavioral Variables

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael M. DíAz ◽  
Eduardo S. Morales ◽  
Edward Bein ◽  
Eugene DiláN ◽  
Richard A. RodríGuez
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Behavioral Variables

scholarly journals Neuroprotective and anti-ageing role of leptin

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. R149-R156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Folch ◽  
Ignacio Pedrós ◽  
Iván Patraca ◽  
Francesc Sureda ◽  
Fèlix Junyent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Long Form ◽  
Key Pathways ◽  
Primary Risk Factor

Leptin (Lep), an adipose-derived hormone, exerts very important functions in the body mainly on energy storage and availability. The physiological effects of Lep controlling the body weight and suppressing appetite are mediated by the long form of Lep receptor in the hypothalamus. Lep receptor activates several downstream molecules involved in key pathways related to cell survival such as STAT3, PI3K, MAPK, AMPK, CDK5 and GSK3β. Collectively, these pathways act in a coordinated manner and form a network that is fully involved in Lep physiological response. Although the major interest in Lep is related to its role in the regulation of energy balance, and since resistance to Lep affects is the primary risk factor for obesity, the interest on their effects on brain cognition and neuroprotection is increasing. Thus, Lep and Lep mimetic compounds now await and deserve systematic exploration as the orchestrator of protective responses in the nervous system. Moreover, Lep might promote the activation of a cognitive process that may retard or even partially reverse selected aspects of Alzheimer's disease or ageing memory loss.

scholarly journals Should I Stay, or Should I Go? Job satisfaction as a moderating factor between outcome expectations and entrepreneurial intention among academics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Blaese ◽  
Schneider Noemi ◽  
Liebig Brigitte
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Cognitive Career Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Career Theory ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Social Cognitive Career

AbstractBoth psychological and entrepreneurship research have highlighted the pivotal role of job satisfaction in the process of entrepreneurial career decisions. In support of this, mounting evidence point to inter-relationships between entrepreneurial intention, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Prior research operationalized entrepreneurial careers as an escape from poor work environments; thus, there is a lack of understanding regarding how job-satisfaction can trigger entrepreneurship within and related to the environment of universities. This study, draws on Social Cognitive Career Theory and the concept of entrepreneurial intention, to address whether the role of job satisfaction is a moderating factor between outcome expectations and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, we examine to what extent (I) entrepreneurial intention and (II) spin-off intention are determined by certain outcome expectations and perceived behavioral control. To address these questions this study examined academic researchers in specialized and non-technical fields and builds on a survey of 593 academic researchers at Swiss Universities of Applied Science. The results showed that outcome expectations are a significant predictor for entrepreneurial intentions, in general, and spin-off intentions, in particular. A multi-group analysis corroborated that job satisfaction operates as a motivational factor in entrepreneurial transition and interactions with entrepreneurial outcome expectations. In conclusion, the concept of job satisfaction and Social Cognitive Career Theory were powerful constructs to better the understand the process of entrepreneurial career decisions by academic researchers.

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