scholarly journals Physical Attractiveness Biases Judgments Pertaining to the Moral Domain of Purity

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110644
Author(s):  
Christoph Klebl ◽  
Joshua J. Rhee ◽  
Katharine H. Greenaway ◽  
Yin Luo ◽  
Brock Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Moral Domain ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Moral Wrongness

Research on the Beauty-is-Good stereotype shows that unattractive people are perceived to have worse moral character than attractive individuals. Yet research has not explored what kinds of moral character judgments are particularly biased by attractiveness. In this work, we tested whether attractiveness particularly biases moral character judgments pertaining to the moral domain of purity, beyond a more general halo effect. Across four preregistered studies ( N = 1,778), we found that unattractive (vs. attractive) individuals were judged to be more likely to engage in purity violations compared with harm violations and that this was not due to differences in perceived moral wrongness, weirdness, or sociality between purity and harm violations. The findings shed light on how physical attractiveness influences moral character attributions, suggesting that physical attractiveness particularly biases character judgments pertaining to the moral domain of purity.

scholarly journals Physical attractiveness biases judgments pertaining to the moral domain of purity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Klebl ◽  
Joshua Ju-suk Rhee ◽  
Katharine Helen Greenaway ◽  
Yin Luo ◽  
Brock Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Moral Domain ◽  
Shed Light

Research on the Beauty-is-Good stereotype shows that unattractive people are perceived to have worse moral character than attractive individuals. Yet research has not explored what kinds of moral character judgments are particularly biased by attractiveness. In this work, we tested whether attractiveness particularly biases moral character judgments pertaining to the moral domain of purity, beyond a more general halo effect. Two pre-registered studies found that unattractive (vs. attractive) individuals were judged to be more likely to engage in purity violations compared to harm violations and that this was not due to differences in perceived wrongness of the violations (Studies 1 and 3). We also found that the observed effect was driven by the upper half of the attractiveness spectrum (Studies 2 and 3). The findings shed light on how physical attractiveness influences moral character attributions, suggesting that physical attractiveness particularly biases character judgments pertaining to the moral domain of purity.

Beauty, Effort, and Misrepresentation: How Beauty Work Affects Judgments of Moral Character and Consumer Preferences

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Samper ◽  
Linyun W Yang ◽  
Michelle E Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
True Self ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Effort ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Beauty Products

AbstractWomen engage in a variety of beauty practices, or “beauty work,” to enhance their physical appearance, such as applying cosmetics, tanning, or exercising. Although the rewards of physical attractiveness are well documented, perceptions of both the women who engage in efforts to enhance their appearance and the high-effort beauty products marketed to them are not well understood. Across seven studies, we demonstrate that consumers judge women who engage in certain types of extensive beauty work as possessing poorer moral character. These judgments occur only for effortful beauty work perceived as transformative (significantly altering appearance) and transient (lasting a relatively short time), such that they emerge within cosmetics and tanning, yet not skincare or exercise. This effect is mediated by the perception that putting high effort into one’s appearance signals a willingness to misrepresent one’s true self, and translates into lower purchase intentions for higher-effort cosmetics. We identify several boundary conditions, including the attractiveness of the woman performing the beauty work and whether the effort is attributed to external norms or causes. In examining how beauty work elicits moral judgments, we also shed light on why effortful cosmetic use is viewed negatively, yet effortful products continue to be commercially successful.

Co-constructing a child as disorderly: Moral character work in narrative accounts of upsetting experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-622
Author(s):  
Ann-Carita Evaldsson ◽  
Helen Melander Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Case ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Linguistic Anthropology ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Narrative Constructions ◽  
Character Work ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Moral Stance

AbstractThis study explores how displays of strong emotions in narrative accounts of emotional experiences provide a context for invoking moral accountabilities, including the shaping of the teller’s character. We use a dialogical approach (i.e., ethnomethodology, linguistic anthropology) to emotions to explore how affective stances are performed, responded to and accounted for in episodes of narrative accounts. The analysis is based on a case study that centers on how a child’s walkout from a peer dispute is managed retrospectively in narrative constructions in teacher-child interaction. It is found that the targeted child uses heightened affect displays (crying, sobbing, and prosodic marking), to amplify feelings of distress and stance claims (incorporating reported speech and extreme case formulations) of being badly treated. The heightened stance claims work to justify an oppositional moral stance towards the reported events while projecting accountability to others. The child’s escalated resistance provides a ground for the teacher’s negative uptakes (negative person ascriptions, counter narratives, and third-party reports). The findings shed light on how narrative renderings of upsetting experiences easily become indexical of the teller’s moral character and adds to dispositional features of being over-reactive and disorderly, in ways that undermine a child’s social position.

The Strength of the Halo Effect in Physical Attractiveness Research

1981 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. William Lucker ◽  
William E. Beane ◽  
Robert L. Helmreich
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Halo Effect

Classification and Taxonomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
Christian B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Moral Domain ◽  
Intermediate States

With the explosion of interest in virtue and virtue ethics, one set of issues that has been comparatively neglected is how to categorize moral character traits. There are virtues and there are vices. Each virtue has at least one corresponding vice, perhaps many. Virtues and vices have opposite moral valences. So much is familiar. But many underexplored questions remain: For a given moral domain, are virtues and vices the only options, or could there be intermediate states of character besides these two? Do virtues and vices come in degrees? Are they incompatible with each other, such that by having one of them, one necessarily cannot have the opposing trait? If there is more than one vice for a given virtue, can a person have multiple vices at the same time? This chapter hopes to make some progress in thinking further about these questions.

Examining the Halo Effect of Physical Attractiveness

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Timmerman ◽  
Jay Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Physically Attractive

Photographs were taken of unattractive female confederates. After professional make-up work and hairstyling, photographs of these individuals were re-taken. Independent evidence was gathered to support the classifications “unattractive” and “attractive” as describing the pre-post conditions. 167 subjects were shown these photographs and rated or rank-ordered the stimulus figures on a variety of dimensions. Interpersonal attraction covaried with physical attractiveness but there was no tendency to attribute more positive personality traits to physically attractive individuals. The results were similar to those of one prior study which also involved an experimental manipulation of physical attractiveness.

The Good-looking Giver Effect: The Relationship Between Doing Good and Looking Good

2020 ◽  
pp. 089976402095083
Author(s):  
Sara Konrath ◽  
Femida Handy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence exists that beautiful is seen as good: the halo effect wherein more physically attractive people are perceived to be good, and the reverse halo that good is seen as beautiful. Yet research has rarely examined the evidence linking the beautiful with the good, or the reverse, without the halo effect. We examine the relationship between physical attractiveness (beauty) and giving behaviors (good), where ratings of attractiveness are independent of giving behaviors. We use three U.S. datasets: (a) a nationally representative sample of older adults (NSHAP), (b) a nationally representative longitudinal study of adolescents (ADD Health), and (c) the 54-year Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), to present evidence that these two characteristics (attractiveness and giving) are indeed correlated without the halo effect. We find a ‘good-looking giver’ effect–that more physically attractive people are more likely to engage in giving behaviors, and vice versa. Thus, in ecologically valid real-world samples, people who do good are also likely to look good.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Sentence-Based Experience Logging in New Hearing Aid Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3S) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Katja Lund ◽  
Rodrigo Ordoñez ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen ◽  
Dorte Hammershøi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Hearing Rehabilitation ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop a tool to gain insight into the daily experiences of new hearing aid users and to shed light on aspects of aided performance that may not be unveiled through standard questionnaires. Method The tool is developed based on clinical observations, patient experiences, expert involvement, and existing validated hearing rehabilitation questionnaires. Results An online tool for collecting data related to hearing aid use was developed. The tool is based on 453 prefabricated sentences representing experiences within 13 categories related to hearing aid use. Conclusions The tool has the potential to reflect a wide range of individual experiences with hearing aid use, including auditory and nonauditory aspects. These experiences may hold important knowledge for both the patient and the professional in the hearing rehabilitation process.

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