The Good-looking Giver Effect: The Relationship Between Doing Good and Looking Good

2020 ◽  
pp. 089976402095083
Author(s):  
Sara Konrath ◽  
Femida Handy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
The Relationship

Evidence exists that beautiful is seen as good: the halo effect wherein more physically attractive people are perceived to be good, and the reverse halo that good is seen as beautiful. Yet research has rarely examined the evidence linking the beautiful with the good, or the reverse, without the halo effect. We examine the relationship between physical attractiveness (beauty) and giving behaviors (good), where ratings of attractiveness are independent of giving behaviors. We use three U.S. datasets: (a) a nationally representative sample of older adults (NSHAP), (b) a nationally representative longitudinal study of adolescents (ADD Health), and (c) the 54-year Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), to present evidence that these two characteristics (attractiveness and giving) are indeed correlated without the halo effect. We find a ‘good-looking giver’ effect–that more physically attractive people are more likely to engage in giving behaviors, and vice versa. Thus, in ecologically valid real-world samples, people who do good are also likely to look good.

scholarly journals Validation of Self‐Reported Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Medicare Claims: A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study of Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
Michael J. Booth ◽  
Daniel Clauw ◽  
Mary R. Janevic ◽  
Lindsay C. Kobayashi ◽  
John D. Piette
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Medicare Claims ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals No compelling evidence that more physically attractive young adult women have higher estradiol or progesterone

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict C Jones ◽  
Amanda C Hahn ◽  
Claire I Fisher ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Michal Kandrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Young Adult Women ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPutative associations between sex hormones and attractive physical characteristics in women are central to many theories of human physical attractiveness and mate choice. Although such theories have become very influential, evidence that physically attractive and unattractive women have different hormonal profiles is equivocal. Consequently, we investigated hypothesized relationships between salivary estradiol and progesterone and two aspects of women’s physical attractiveness that are commonly assumed to be correlated with levels of these hormones: facial attractiveness (N=249) and waist-to-hip ratio (N=247). Our analyses revealed no compelling evidence that women with more attractive faces or lower (i.e., more attractive) waist-to-hip ratios had higher levels of estradiol or progesterone. One analysis did suggest that women with more attractive waist-to-hip ratios had significantly higher progesterone, but the relationship was weak and the relationship not significant in other analyses. These results do not support the influential hypothesis that between-women differences in physical attractiveness are related to estradiol and/or progesterone.

scholarly journals Subjective wellbeing as a determinant of glycated hemoglobin in older adults: longitudinal findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1820-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Poole ◽  
Ruth A. Hackett ◽  
Laura Panagi ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Subclinical Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown an association between subjective wellbeing and incident diabetes. Less is known about the role of wellbeing for subclinical disease trajectories as captured via glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). We aimed to explore the association between subjective wellbeing and future HbA1c levels, and the role of sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors in this association.MethodsWe used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing for this study (N = 2161). Subjective wellbeing (CASP-19) was measured at wave 2 and HbA1c was measured 8 years later at wave 6. Participants were free from diabetes at baseline. We conducted a series of analyses to examine the extent to which the association was accounted for by a range of sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors in linear regression models.ResultsModels showed that subjective wellbeing (CASP-19 total score) was inversely associated with HbA1c 8 years later after controlling for depressive symptoms, age, sex, and baseline HbA1c (B = −0.035, 95% CI −0.060 to –0.011, p = 0.005). Inclusion of sociodemographic variables and behavioral factors in models accounted for a large proportion (17.0% and 24.5%, respectively) of the relationship between wellbeing and later HbA1c; clinical risk factors explained a smaller proportion of the relationship (3.4%).ConclusionsPoorer subjective wellbeing is associated with greater HbA1c over 8 years of follow-up and this relationship can in part be explained by sociodemographic, behavioral and clinical factors among older adults.

Genes, Gender Inequality, and Educational Attainment

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Herd ◽  
Jeremy Freese ◽  
Kamil Sicinski ◽  
Benjamin W. Domingue ◽  
Kathleen Mullan Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Add Health ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

Women’s opportunities have been profoundly altered over the past century by reductions in the social and structural constraints that limit women’s educational attainment. Do social constraints manifest as a suppressing influence on genetic indicators of potential, and if so, did equalizing opportunity mean equalizing the role of genetics? We address this with three cohort studies: the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; birth years 1939 to 1940), the Health and Retirement Study, and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health; birth years 1975 to 1982). These studies include a “polygenic score” for educational attainment, providing a novel opportunity to explore this question. We find that within the WLS cohort, the relationship between genetics and educational outcomes is weaker for women than for men. However, as opportunities changed in the 1970s and 1980s, and many middle-aged women went back to school, the relationship between genetic factors and education strengthened for women as they aged. Furthermore, utilizing the HRS and Add Health, we find that as constraints limiting women’s educational attainment declined, gender differences in the relationship between genetics and educational outcomes weakened. We demonstrate that genetic influence must be understood through the lens of historical change, the life course, and social structures like gender.

scholarly journals Polypharmacy is a risk factor for hospital admission due to a fall: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zaninotto ◽  
Y. T. Huang ◽  
G. Di Gessa ◽  
J. Abell ◽  
C. Lassale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background Falls amongst older people are common; however, around 40% of falls could be preventable. Medications are known to increase the risk of falls in older adults. The debate about reducing the number of prescribed medications remains controversial, and more evidence is needed to understand the relationship between polypharmacy and fall-related hospital admissions. We examined the effect of polypharmacy on hospitalization due to a fall, using a large nationally representative sample of older adults. Methods Data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) were used. We included 6220 participants aged 50+ with valid data collected between 2012 and 2018.The main outcome measure was hospital admission due to a fall. Polypharmacy -the number of long-term prescription drugs- was the main exposure coded as: no medications, 1–4 medications, 5–9 medications (polypharmacy) and 10+ medications (heightened polypharmacy). Competing-risk regression analysis was used (with death as a potential competing risk), adjusted for common confounders, including multi-morbidity and fall risk-increasing drugs. Results The prevalence of people admitted to hospital due to a fall increased according to the number of medications taken, from 1.5% of falls for people reporting no medications, to 4.7% of falls among those taking 1–4 medications, 7.9% of falls among those with polypharmacy and 14.8% among those reporting heightened polypharmacy. Fully adjusted SHRs for hospitalization due to a fall among people who reported taking 1–4 medications, polypharmacy and heightened polypharmacy were 1.79 (1.18; 2.71), 1.75 (1.04; 2.95), and 3.19 (1.61; 6.32) respectively, compared with people who were not taking medications. Conclusions The risk of hospitalization due to a fall increased with polypharmacy. It is suggested that prescriptions in older people should be revised on a regular basis, and that the number of medications prescribed be kept to a minimum, in order to reduce the risk of fall-related hospital admissions.

Effects of Physical Attractiveness on Perception of Social Skill

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie J. Guise ◽  
Cynthia H. Pollans ◽  
Ira Daniel Turkat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Skill Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Skill Development ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
The Relationship

To evaluate whether physically attractive individuals are seen as more socially skilled than unattractive ones, nine color photographs of a female in attractive, neutral, and unattractive presentations were developed and evaluated by independent raters. Three photographs received 100% agreement and were selected for the three conditions. 45 males were randomly assigned to the three groups and completed the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule based on their evaluation of the photograph. Groups shown the attractive photograph differed from the other two groups but the latter two did not. A moderate, positive, and significant correlation of .43 between attractiveness and perceived assertiveness was observed. The relationship between physical attractiveness and social skill development is discussed as are clinical issues.

scholarly journals The association between religious homogamy and reproduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1834) ◽  
pp. 20160294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fieder ◽  
Susanne Huber
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Religious Homogamy ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
Reproductive Consequences ◽  
The Relationship

Individuals more strongly affiliated to religion have on average more children than less religious ones. Here, based on census data of 3 658 650 women aged 46–60 years from 32 countries provided by IPUMS International and data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ( n = 2400 women, aged 53–57 years), we show that religious homogamy is also associated with higher reproduction in terms of a higher number of children and a lower chance of remaining childless. We argue that, together with the relationship between general religious intensity and number of children, religious homogamy has reproductive consequences. These may impact future demographic developments and could have also played a role in the biological evolution of humans.

scholarly journals Loneliness Among Chinese Older Adults: The Role of Grandparenthood and Grandparental Childcare by Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110419
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Tineke Fokkema ◽  
Bruno Arpino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Active Aging ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Grandparental Childcare ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the influence of grandparenthood and grandparental childcare on loneliness among Chinese older adults. Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of 9240 individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we applied logistic regression to examine the relationship between various grandparental statuses and loneliness with a focus on gender. The grandparental role is a protective factor for loneliness. Providing care to grandchildren was associated with a lower likelihood of feeling lonely for both genders. Among grandmothers, the benefit of providing childcare is less when it is occasional. Among grandfathers, the benefit is less when it is regular and intensive. Regarding transitions in grandparental status, gender differences were only observed among those who recently entered the caregiving role. Given the increasing reliance on grandparents for childcare in China, this engagement in active aging is beneficial for older adults in reducing loneliness.

scholarly journals Genome-wide stress sensitivity moderates the stress-depression relationship in a nationally representative sample of adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent Davidson ◽  
David B. Braudt ◽  
Robert Keers ◽  
Elham Assary ◽  
Kathleen Mullan Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Add Health ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe re-evaluate the findings of one of the most cited and disputed papers in gene-environment interaction (GxE) literature. In 2003, a paper was published in Science in which the authors demonstrated that the relationship between stress and depression is moderated by a polymorphism in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) of the gene SLC6A4. Replication has been weak and led many to challenge the overall significance of GxE research. Here, we utilize data from Add Health, a large, nationally representative, and well-powered longitudinal study to re-examine the genetic determinants of stress sensitivity. We characterize environmental sensitivity using a genome-wide polygenic indicator rather than relying on one polymorphism in a single candidate gene. Our results provide support for the stress-diathesis perspective and validate the scientific contributions of the original paper.

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