Not Just About Faces in Context: Face–Context Relation Moderates the Impact of Contextual Threat on Facial Trustworthiness

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110659
Author(s):  
Simone Mattavelli ◽  
Matteo Masi ◽  
Marco Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Embedded Contexts ◽  
Context Integration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Facial Trustworthiness ◽  
Threatening Stimuli

Recent work showed that the attribution of facial trustworthiness can be influenced by the surrounding context in which a face is embedded: contexts that convey threat make faces less trustworthy. In four studies ( N = 388, three preregistered) we tested whether face–context integration is influenced by how faces and contexts are encoded relationally. In Experiments 1a to 1c, face–context integration was stronger when threatening stimuli were attributable to the human action. Faces were judged less trustworthy when shown in threatening contexts that were ascribable (vs. non-ascribable) to the human action. In Experiment 2, we manipulated face–context relations using instructions. When instructions presented facial stimuli as belonging to the “perpetrators” of the threatening contexts, no difference with the control (no-instructions) condition was found in face–context integration. Instead, the effect was reduced when faces were presented as “victims.” We discussed the importance of considering relational reasoning when studying face–context integration.

The impact of higher-order state and control effects on local relational reasoning

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 477-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEREK DREYER ◽  
GEORG NEIS ◽  
LARS BIRKEDAL
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Local State ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Logical Relation ◽  
Game Semantics ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Order State

AbstractReasoning about program equivalence is one of the oldest problems in semantics. In recent years, useful techniques have been developed, based on bisimulations and logical relations, for reasoning about equivalence in the setting of increasingly realistic languages—languages nearly as complex as ML or Haskell. Much of the recent work in this direction has considered the interesting representation independence principles enabled by the use of local state, but it is also important to understand the principles that powerful features like higher-order state and control effects disable. This latter topic has been broached extensively within the framework of game semantics, resulting in what Abramsky dubbed the “semantic cube”: fully abstract game-semantic characterizations of various axes in the design space of ML-like languages. But when it comes to reasoning about many actual examples, game semantics does not yet supply a useful technique for proving equivalences.In this paper, we marry the aspirations of the semantic cube to the powerful proof method of step-indexed Kripke logical relations. Building on recent work of Ahmed et al. (2009), we define the first fully abstract logical relation for an ML-like language with recursive types, abstract types, general references and call/cc. We then show how, under orthogonal restrictions to the expressive power of our language—namely, the restriction to first-order state and/or the removal of call/cc—we can enhance the proving power of our possible-worlds model in correspondingly orthogonal ways, and we demonstrate this proving power on a range of interesting examples. Central to our story is the use of state transition systems to model the way in which properties of local state evolve over time.

Species distribution modeling reveals the ecological niche of extinct megafauna from South America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thaísa Araújo ◽  
Helena Machado ◽  
Dimila Mothé ◽  
Leonardo dos Santos Avilla
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Species Distribution Modeling ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Middle Holocene ◽  
Distribution Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Climatic and environmental changes, as well as human action, have been cited as potential causes for the extinction of megafauna in South America at the end of the Pleistocene. Among megamammals lineages with Holarctic origin, only horses and proboscideans went extinct in South America during this period. This study aims to understand how the spatial extent of habitats suitable for Equus neogeus and Notiomastodon platensis changed between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the middle Holocene in order to determine the impact that climatic and environmental changes had on these taxa. We used species distribution modeling to estimate their potential extent on the continent and found that both species occupied arid and semiarid open lands during the LGM, mainly in the Pampean region of Argentina, southern and northeastern Brazil, and parts of the Andes. However, when climate conditions changed from dry and cold during the LGM to humid and warm during the middle Holocene, the areas suitable for these taxa were reduced dramatically. These results support the hypothesis that climatic changes were a driving cause of extinction of these megamammals in South America, although we cannot rule out the impact of human actions or other potential causes for their extinction.

scholarly journals Liberal Feminism, from Law to Art: The Impact of Feminist Jurisprudence on Feminist Aesthetics

Hypatia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-235
Author(s):  
L. Ryan Musgrave
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Feminist Jurisprudence ◽  
Feminist Legal Theory ◽  
Liberal Feminism ◽  
Critical Feminist ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Feminist Aesthetics ◽  
The Impact

This essay explores how early approaches in feminist aesthetics drew on concepts honed in the field of feminist legal theory, especially conceptions of oppression and equality. I argue that by importing these feminist legal concepts, many early feminist accounts of how art is political depended largely on a distinctly liberal version of politics. I offer a critique of liberal feminist aesthetics, indicating ways recent work in the field also turns toward critical feminist aesthetics as an alternative.

scholarly journals Nature value: the evolution of this concept

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Sabrina Soares da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Pereira Reis ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Impact

More attention has been paid to environmental matters in recent years, mainly due to the current scenario of accentuated environmental degradation. The economic valuation of nature goods can contribute to the decision-making process in environment management, generating a more comprehensive informational base. This paper aims to present, in a historic perspective, the different concepts attributed to nature goods and were related to the current predominant perspectives of nature analyses. For this purpose, this paper presents the different concepts attributed to value since the pre-classical period, when nature were viewed as inert and passive providers of goods and services, this view legitimized nature's exploration without concern over the preservation and conservation of nature. The capacity of nature to absorb the impact of human action appears to be reaching its limit, considering the irreversibility, the irreproducibility and the possibility of collapse. The appropriate method for valuing natural resources is not known, but more important than the method is to respect and incorporate the particular characteristics of the nature goods into this process. These characteristics must be valuated in order to arrive at a more consistence approach to nature value and promote sustainability.

A Methodology for Situated Analysis and Design

2009 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Vivienne Waller ◽  
Robert B. Johnston ◽  
Simon K. Milton
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
High Level ◽  
Operational Action

This chapter presents a new high level methodology for the analysis and design of information systems specifically to support routine action at the operational level of organizations. The authors argue that traditional methods fail to adequately address the unique requirements of support for routine operational action. The main innovation of the methodology is the use of an action-centred approach derived from recent work on the nature of purposeful human action, and as such, emphasises both the information requirements for action and the dependence of action upon appropriately structured environments. A brief case study illustrates how using the methodology can sensitize the analyst to opportunities to increase human efficiency and effectiveness through lighter weight information systems.

Physical Principles Underlying the Complex Biology of Intracellular Phase Transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong-Mo Choi ◽  
Alex S. Holehouse ◽  
Rohit V. Pappu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Associative Polymers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Condensate Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Principles

Many biomolecular condensates appear to form via spontaneous or driven processes that have the hallmarks of intracellular phase transitions. This suggests that a common underlying physical framework might govern the formation of functionally and compositionally unrelated biomolecular condensates. In this review, we summarize recent work that leverages a stickers-and-spacers framework adapted from the field of associative polymers for understanding how multivalent protein and RNA molecules drive phase transitions that give rise to biomolecular condensates. We discuss how the valence of stickers impacts the driving forces for condensate formation and elaborate on how stickers can be distinguished from spacers in different contexts. We touch on the impact of sticker- and spacer-mediated interactions on the rheological properties of condensates and show how the model can be mapped to known drivers of different types of biomolecular condensates.

The creative economy, the creative class and cultural intermediation

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Orian Brook ◽  
Dave O’Brien ◽  
Mark Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Creative Class ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Cultural Intermediaries ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents an overview of recent work on cultural intermediaries and the ‘creative class’ in relation to social inequality. The chapter looks at Britain’s ‘creative class’ in relation to workforce patterns, tastes, social attitudes, and their faith in the transformative power of culture. Ultimately the chapter suggests we need caution when thinking about the impact of cultural intermediaries on social inequality.

scholarly journals Noetics in pastoral counselling: The making of a semantic differential analysis in pastoral care and counselling

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani�l J. Louw
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Pastoral Counselling ◽  
The Impact

Praxis in pastoral care and counselling entails more than merely practice and practicalities (communication skills). Praxis refers to the intentionality within human action and behaviour. Praxis exhibits the realm of intentionality and meaning as displayed within and by human attitudes. It is hypothesised that due to the noetic dimension in human actions, the making of a pastoral diagnosis (a qualitative assessment of the impact of Christian spirituality and the meaning on the system of existential, relational networking) should deal with the realm of significant and purposeful intentionality. The latter is already implied in the phenomenological approach of Edmund Husserl�s eidetic observation or inspection (phenomenological consciousness). In order to incorporate noetics in pastoral care and counselling, a pastoral semantic differential analysis (PSDA) within the making of a pastoral diagnosis was proposed. The PSDA was linked to the need for a qualitative approach regarding the impact of Godimages on religious association and existential life experiences.

The Neural Correlates of Relational Reasoning: A Meta-analysis of 47 Functional Magnetic Resonance Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1734-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wertheim ◽  
Marco Ragni
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Frontoparietal Network ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Impact

It is a core cognitive ability of humans to represent and reason about relational information, such as “the train station is north of the hotel” or “Charles is richer than Jim.” However, the neural processes underlying the ability to draw conclusions about relations are still not sufficiently understood. Central open questions are as follows: (1) What are the neural correlates of relational reasoning? (2) Where can deductive and inductive reasoning be localized? (3) What is the impact of different informational types on cerebral activity? For that, we conducted a meta-analysis of 47 neuroimaging studies. We found activation of the frontoparietal network during both deductive and inductive reasoning, with additional activation in an extended network during inductive reasoning in the basal ganglia and the inferior parietal cortex. Analyses revealed a double dissociation concerning the lateral and medial Brodmann's area 6 during deductive and inductive reasoning, indicating differences in terms of processing verbal information in deductive and spatial information in inductive tasks. During semantic and symbolic tasks, the frontoparietal network was found active, whereas geometric tasks only elicited prefrontal activation, which can be explained by the reduced demand for the construction of a mental representation in geometric tasks. Our study provides new insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying relational reasoning and clarifies previous controversies concerning involved brain areas.

scholarly journals ‘Won't get fooled again’: How personal values shape leadership purpose, behavior and legacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 414-429
Author(s):  
Emma Watton ◽  
Scott Lichtenstein ◽  
Paul Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Financial Services Sector ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhile much has been documented about the construction of an individual's personal values, very little attention has been paid to how personal values connect with core aspects of leadership such as purpose, behavior and legacy. Through an expansion of Ken's recent work on this topic, the authors explore the impact of personal values-led leadership. A model of how personal values shape leadership purpose, behavior and legacy is introduced. These dimensions are then illuminated through interview data from senior managers from the financial services sector. The personal value impacts are examined in the context of the literature and implications for organizations and managers are drawn together.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document