Discriminators of Internal and External Locus of Control Orientation in the Elderly

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen I. Hunter ◽  
Margaret W. Linn ◽  
Rachel Harris ◽  
Theodore C. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Locus Of Control

Locus of Control and Depression among Noninstitutionalized Elderly Persons

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Hanes ◽  
Bradford S. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
External Locus Of Control

Depression was associated with external locus of control orientation among a sample of 48 noninstitutionalized elderly persons. The over-all results supported Seligman's hypothesis that depressives perceive themselves to lack personal control. However, a trend in the direction of higher correlations between externality and depression fot males than females suggests the possibility that perceived lack of control may be more depressing when it conflicts with expectations concerning self-reliance and mastery associated with traditional male sex roles.

Locus of Control and Recall of Death-Related versus Neutral Words

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Gilligan ◽  
Michael R. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Locus Of Control

The present study examined the hypothesis that subjects with an external locus of control orientation would exhibit more anxiety when given a free-recall task involving death-related words than would subjects with an internal locus of control orientation. The hypothesis was confirmed in that external subjects required significantly more trials to recall correctly death-related words than did internal subjects. The results suggested that locus of control orientation and death-related stimuli interact to produce the interference observed on the free-recall task.

EFFECTS OF SUCCESS AND FAILURE ON CHILDREN'S PERCEPTIONS OF INTERNAL-EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Cunningham ◽  
Harold B. Gerard ◽  
Norman Miller
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
School Children ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
External Control ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Children's Perceptions ◽  
Counting Task ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Attributional Analysis

Little attention has been devoted to the effects of childhood achievement experiences as they might determine generalized internal-external control orientations (I-F). It was hypothesized that chronic success or failure on intellectual tasks will lead to expectancies of internal or external control, respectively. Nine- and ten-year-old school children were presented with a competitive dot-counting task in which success and failure were manipulated. Pre- and post-measures were taken on an itemized I-E instrument derived from three previously used scales. Post-measures were generally unaffected by the success-failure manipulation. However, children who actually performed poorly on the task displayed a more external control orientation than did those who had performed well. Further analysis of the I-F items revealed that those who had actually performed poorly were most likely to attribute their achievement experiences in general to luck. These findings were interpreted as providing a bridge between study of a personality trait (I-E) and the attributional analysis of achievement events.

scholarly journals The mid-childhood and adolescent antecedents of women’s external locus of control orientation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Golding ◽  
Steven Gregory ◽  
Yasmin Iles-Caven ◽  
Stephen Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Locus Of Control

Background: External locus of control orientation (ELOC) is a powerful predictor of adverse consequences in regard to health, educational attainment, inter-personal relationships and well-being. Although many cross-sectional studies have been carried out, relatively little is known about antecedent factors influencing the development of ELOC. Methods: Over 12,000 pregnant women who enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in south-west England, had completed a brief version of the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External LOC scale, together with detailed questions concerning their own parents and childhood.  A series of hypothesis-free structured backwards stepwise logistic regression analyses used an exposome approach with ELOC as the outcome. Results: Significant positive associations were found with smoking of the parents of the surveyed women, including prenatal exposure, and their own onset of regular smoking in mid-childhood (6-11 years). Increased odds of ELOC were also found with the absence of their fathers in early childhood, presence of older siblings, and with being born and brought up in the same area as they resided in at the time surveyed. Protective influences in the surveyed women included positive rating of their mother’s care, having a relatively educated mother, attending boarding school, their own age (the older they were, the less likely were they to have an external orientation), having a mentally ill parent, a sibling hospitalized or a relative die. Conclusions: There are two conclusions: (i) that not all stressful events contribute to the development of ELOC and it would be essential for models of antecedents of ELOC to take note of this complexity, and (ii) there are consistent (albeit unexpected) findings that highlight associations with cigarette smoke exposure of the woman from fetal life through to when starting to smoke regularly herself in mid-childhood. It is important that these findings are tested in other populations.

Characteristics of High and Low Self-Esteem in the Elderly

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen I. Hunter ◽  
Margaret W. Linn ◽  
Rachel Harris
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
Reported Health

Self-esteem is fundamental to the elderly's experience of life. To examine what background and personality characteristics were associated with low and high self-esteem in the elderly, 250 men and women age sixty-five and older were studied. Elderly with either high or low self-esteem did not differ with respect to age, income, education, or living-arrangement. However, the low self-esteem group had poorer self-reported health, more pain, and higher disability. The low self-esteem group had significantly higher scores on depression, anxiety, somatization, and a more external locus of control orientation both with and without health variables controlled. These data suggest that intervention may be a viable aid in promoting better feelings toward the self for persons over age sixty-five.

Influence of Locus of Control and Custody Level on Intake and Prison-Adjustment Depression

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORRAINE R. REITZEL ◽  
BEVERLY L. HARJU
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Reactive Depression ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Moderate Range ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Internal Group

This study examines differences in initial and later depressive symptoms of 325 male prisoners based on three levels of custody and four levels of locus of control. Results extend previous findings concerning locus of control and prison-intake depression by including a measure of types of custody and later adjustment depression. Significant differences emerged for both groups with high internal and external locus of control orientations. The highly internal group was the least depressed at both testings. High externals showed a significant increase in reported depression after a period of adjustment to prison and were the only group with a significant reactive depression. There were no differences in depressive severity based on level of custody or its interaction with control orientation. Finally, depression scores that were initially at either extreme declined so that later, adjustment depression scores fell in the mild and moderate range.

Loco Parentis and Locus of Control

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon R. Wiehe
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Parental Loss ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Maternity Home

The Children's Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale was administered to two groups of 45 pregnant adolescents each in a residential maternity home. One group of 45 adolescents had experienced the removal of custody from their biological parents and had been living in foster care. The second group had become pregnant while living with their biological parents. The former group showed a significantly higher mean score on the locus of control scale which reflected a more external locus-of-control orientation. The results are discussed in the light of other studies on locus of control and parental loss.

scholarly journals The mid-childhood and adolescent antecedents of women’s external locus of control orientation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Golding ◽  
Steven Gregory ◽  
Yasmin Iles-Caven ◽  
Stephen Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
External Locus Of Control

Background: External locus of control orientation (ELOC) is a powerful predictor of adverse consequences in regard to health, educational attainment, inter-personal relationships and well-being. Although many cross-sectional studies have been carried out, relatively little is known about antecedent factors influencing the development of ELOC. Methods: Over 12,000 pregnant women who enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in south-west England, had completed a brief version of the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External LOC scale, together with detailed questions concerning their own parents and childhood.  A series of hypothesis-free structured backwards stepwise logistic regression analyses used an exposome approach with ELOC as the outcome. Results: Significant positive associations were found with smoking of the parents of the surveyed women, including prenatal exposure, and their own onset of regular smoking in mid-childhood (6-11 years). Increased odds of ELOC were also found with the absence of their fathers in early childhood, presence of older siblings, and with being born and brought up in the same area as they resided in at the time surveyed. Protective influences in the surveyed women included positive rating of their mother’s care, having a relatively educated mother, attending boarding school, their own age (the older they were, the less likely were they to have an external orientation), having a mentally ill parent, a sibling hospitalized or a relative die. Conclusions: There are two conclusions: (i) that not all stressful events contribute to the development of ELOC and it would be essential for models of antecedents of ELOC to take note of this complexity, and (ii) there are consistent (albeit unexpected) findings that highlight associations with cigarette smoke exposure of the woman from fetal life through to when starting to smoke regularly herself in mid-childhood. It is important that these findings are tested in other populations.

LOCUS OF CONTROL AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Eko Sujadi
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
External Locus Of Control ◽  
Academic Information

Abstract. Locus of control is one of the personality characteristics possessed by humans. Locus of control can be divided into two, namely internal locus of control and external locus of control. Locus of control is a predictor of several other variables, such as learning achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of locus of control with learning achievement. This research uses descriptive and correlational methods. The instrument filling is done online by using the google form application considering the increasing spread of COVID-19. Finally, as many as 36 students participated in filling this instrument. In this study, researchers used the Rotters Internal-External Locus of Control (IE Scale) inventory consisting of 29 items, of which there were 6 filler items, so that the total number of items that could be processed was 23 items, while to see learning achievement using the Grade Point Average (GPA) that researchers get from the Academic Information System (SIAKAD). Research findings show that locus of control has a strong negative relationship with student learning achievement. We advise students to have an internal locus of control while continuing to believe in God; The counselor is expected to be able to arrange an intervention program for students who have an external locus of control and have low learning achievement.

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