A longitudinal study of early pretense: Metarepresentational or not

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199286
Author(s):  
Sunae Kim ◽  
Susanne Kristen-Antonow ◽  
Beate Sodian
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Shared Attention ◽  
Predictive Relations ◽  
New Situation

The metarepresentational aspect of early pretend play (make-believe activities where children create or participate in creating a new situation different from a real one) has been theoretically debated. In the present longitudinal study of N = 83 children, we tested for predictive relations of shared attention at 12–18 months, implicit false belief (FB) at 18 months, and pretend production at 18 months, as well as comprehension at 24 months. We also tested for long-term predictive relations of pretense production and comprehension with theory of mind (ToM) at the age of 4–5 years. Only pretense production directed toward others (but not self) was specifically related to infancy measures of shared attention. Early pretense, either production or comprehension, was not related to implicit FB or later ToM measures. The findings are discussed in terms of different theoretical accounts of early pretense.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of the Relations Between Theory of Mind, Executive Function, and Lying in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changzhi Zhao ◽  
Siyuan Shang ◽  
Alison M. Compton ◽  
Genyue Fu ◽  
Liyang Sai
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Access

This study used longitudinal cross-lagged modeling to examine the contribution of theory of mind (ToM), executive function (EF) to children’s lying development and of children’s lying to ToM and EF development. Ninety-seven Chinese children (initial Mage = 46 months, 47 boys) were tested three times approximately 4 months apart. Results showed that the diverse desire understanding and knowledge access understanding components of ToM, as well as the inhibitory control component of EF predicted the development of children’s lying, while the diverse belief understanding and false belief understanding components of ToM, and the working memory component of EF did not predict development of children’s lying. Meanwhile, children’s lying predicted development of children’s belief-emotion understanding components of ToM, but not any other ToM components, or EF components. These findings provide longitudinal evidence for the relation between ToM, EF, and children’s lying during the preschool years.

scholarly journals Cognitive Underpinnings of Symbolic Pretend Play and Impossible Entity Drawings:  Imaginative Ability in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Steven Den-Kaat
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Belief Theory

<p>The individual differences in imagination ability in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were tested in a sample of 14 children with ASD and 14 matched typically developing (TD) children. Analysis was conducted on the extent of imagination in symbolic pretend play and impossible entity drawings. Aside from difficulties with imagination, children with ASD showed significant group deficits in executive function (generativity, visuospatial planning and cognitive flexibility) and false belief theory of mind understanding. Amongst children with ASD, executive function abilities (generativity and visuospatial planning) related to imaginative play and drawings. In contrast, amongst participants in the TD group, a mixture of both executive function (cognitive flexibility) and false belief theory of mind understanding predicted imaginative ability. These results are discussed in terms of how executive control plays a broad and important role in imaginative ability across groups, but the contributions appear to be expressed and routed differently in ASD. The discussion also highlights the theoretical implications of not having theory of mind that underpin imagination in ASD.</p>

scholarly journals Theory of Mind Training in Children with Autism: Relating the Shared Attention Mechanism to the Theory of Mind Mechanism vs. Understanding Beliefs Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Lama Bergstrand Othman ◽  
Lana Collet-Klingenberg
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Shared Attention ◽  
The World ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Mind Training

The purpose of this training study was to examine two interventions that aim to improve the performance of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on False Belief Tasks (FBT) which examines the ability to recognize others’ mental representation of the world. The first intervention involved drawing connections between the Shared Attention Mechanism (SAM) and the Theory of Mind (ToMM) Mechanism. The second intervention taught belief understanding and the fact that a person’s beliefs about propositions may be false or true. To that end, we employed ABC and ACB multiple baselines across subject designs with matched controls. To assess generalization of learned skills, parents or teachers were interviewed. Results suggest that both interventions were effective.

scholarly journals Cognitive Underpinnings of Symbolic Pretend Play and Impossible Entity Drawings:  Imaginative Ability in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Steven Den-Kaat
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Belief Theory

<p>The individual differences in imagination ability in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were tested in a sample of 14 children with ASD and 14 matched typically developing (TD) children. Analysis was conducted on the extent of imagination in symbolic pretend play and impossible entity drawings. Aside from difficulties with imagination, children with ASD showed significant group deficits in executive function (generativity, visuospatial planning and cognitive flexibility) and false belief theory of mind understanding. Amongst children with ASD, executive function abilities (generativity and visuospatial planning) related to imaginative play and drawings. In contrast, amongst participants in the TD group, a mixture of both executive function (cognitive flexibility) and false belief theory of mind understanding predicted imaginative ability. These results are discussed in terms of how executive control plays a broad and important role in imaginative ability across groups, but the contributions appear to be expressed and routed differently in ASD. The discussion also highlights the theoretical implications of not having theory of mind that underpin imagination in ASD.</p>

Long-Term Brain Atrophy after Focal Ischemic Stroke: A Longitudinal Study Applying Deformation-Based Morphometry

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Schnaudigel ◽  
T Ugur ◽  
F Kruggel ◽  
HJ Mentzel ◽  
C Fitzek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Deformation Based Morphometry

scholarly journals Occasional and persistent frequent attenders and sickness absences in occupational health primary care: a longitudinal study in Finland

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia T M Reho ◽  
Salla A Atkins ◽  
Nina Talola ◽  
Markku P T Sumanen ◽  
Mervi Viljamaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Frequent Attenders ◽  
Frequent Attendance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Working Age

ObjectivesFrequent attenders (FAs) create a substantial portion of primary care workload but little is known about FAs’ sickness absences. The aim of the study is to investigate how occasional and persistent frequent attendance is associated with sickness absences among the working population in occupational health (OH) primary care.Setting and participantsThis is a longitudinal study using medical record data (2014–2016) from an OH care provider in Finland. In total, 59 676 patients were included and categorised into occasional and persistent FAs or non-FAs. Sick-leave episodes and their lengths were collected along with associated diagnostic codes. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations between FA status and sick leaves of different lengths (1–3, 4–14 and ≥15 days).ResultsBoth occasional and persistent FA had more and longer duration of sick leave than non-FA through the study years. Persistent FAs had consistently high absence rates. Occasional FAs had elevated absence rates even 2 years after their frequent attendance period. Persistent FAs (OR=11 95% CI 7.54 to 16.06 in 2016) and occasional FAs (OR=2.95 95% CI 2.50 to 3.49 in 2016) were associated with long (≥15 days) sickness absence when compared with non-FAs. Both groups of FAs had an increased risk of long-term sick leaves indicating a risk of disability pension.ConclusionBoth occasional and persistent FAs should be identified in primary care units caring for working-age patients. As frequent attendance is associated with long sickness absences and possibly disability pensions, rehabilitation should be directed at this group to prevent work disability.

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