Influence of Awareness and Education on Management of Covid-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Perception of Information Professionals in Ogun State

The catastrophic consequences on the civilization of covid-19 pandemic are obvious on all human endeavours, including information services of academic libraries. Several measures were put in place and funded by the government at all levels to manage the pandemic in Nigeria among which is the closure of all educational institutions in the country. Information professionals in tertiary institutions have become worried about their users' safety and well-being; hence the need to provide awareness and educate them on covid-19 as means to manage the pandemic. The quantitative design using the survey method was employed to determine the perceptions of information professionals, librarians and library officers in academic libraries in Ogun State, South west Nigeria on awareness and education services to manage covid-19. The study revealed that information professionals were reasonably aware of the covid-19 pandemic; had an appreciable level of awareness of signs with system of spreading covid-19 and; they had a good understanding of measures on how to manage covid-19. The Health Belief Theory was used to ascertain that if the respondents are aware of the danger of any disease they will prevent or take precautionary measures. The respondents believed that awareness of and education on covid-19 would educate users and the public on the signs and ways of spreading the virus. Besides, mobile phone services for sending bulk messages were identified as major means of informing and educating users on covid-19. The study concluded that awareness and education services for user-populace of academic libraries can be used for effective information management concerning covid-19 virus in Nigeria.

Health Belief Theory of Knowledge Model and Drinking Behavior by Providing Education in Tubercolusis Patients in the Work Area of the Batang-Batang Health Center

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis where a third of the world's population is estimated to have been infected by the disease and has become the center of world attention with many control efforts that have been carried out, incidents that have attracted the attention of health workers in the form of death , although the death rate has decreased, new TB cases continue to increase this is caused by the lack of education and undisciplined behavior by tuberculosis sufferers. The purpose of this study is knowledge and behavior of taking medication before health education, knowledge and behavior of taking medication after health education and analyzing the effect of health education on the application of the Health Belief Model theory on knowledge and behavior of taking medication in tuberculosis patients in the working area of ​​the Batang-Batang Health Center. This research is a quantitative pre-experimental approach with a cross sectional survey design on 100 tuberculosis patients at the Batang-Batang Health Center, Sumenep Regency, the sample was taken using a simple random sampling method. Data collection uses a data collection format, a parametric test type questionnaire with interval data type using a Likert scale with a range of 1, then the data is analyzed using paired T test and linear regression test. The results showed that almost all respondents had knowledge before being given sufficient education category as many as 85 respondents (85%) and almost all respondents had behavior before being given sufficient education category as many as 86 respondents (86%), almost all respondents had knowledge after being given education at good category as many as 97 respondents (97%) and almost all respondents have behavior after being given education in the good category as many as 99 respondents (99%) and there is a relationship between Health Belief Theory on knowledge and drug-taking behavior in tuberculosis patients in the working area of ​​Batang-Batang Public Health Center. Conclusion: There is a relationship between Health Belief Theory on knowledge and behavior of taking medication for tuberculosis patients in the working area of ​​Batang-Batang Public Health Center. With the patient's knowledge that is still lacking, it can be improved by providing adequate information/education, especially about tuberculosis related causes, signs and symptoms, treatment and prevention including how to take the right medicine.

Cognitive Underpinnings of Symbolic Pretend Play and Impossible Entity Drawings: Imaginative Ability in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder

<p>The individual differences in imagination ability in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were tested in a sample of 14 children with ASD and 14 matched typically developing (TD) children. Analysis was conducted on the extent of imagination in symbolic pretend play and impossible entity drawings. Aside from difficulties with imagination, children with ASD showed significant group deficits in executive function (generativity, visuospatial planning and cognitive flexibility) and false belief theory of mind understanding. Amongst children with ASD, executive function abilities (generativity and visuospatial planning) related to imaginative play and drawings. In contrast, amongst participants in the TD group, a mixture of both executive function (cognitive flexibility) and false belief theory of mind understanding predicted imaginative ability. These results are discussed in terms of how executive control plays a broad and important role in imaginative ability across groups, but the contributions appear to be expressed and routed differently in ASD. The discussion also highlights the theoretical implications of not having theory of mind that underpin imagination in ASD.</p>

Cognitive Underpinnings of Symbolic Pretend Play and Impossible Entity Drawings: Imaginative Ability in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder

<p>The individual differences in imagination ability in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were tested in a sample of 14 children with ASD and 14 matched typically developing (TD) children. Analysis was conducted on the extent of imagination in symbolic pretend play and impossible entity drawings. Aside from difficulties with imagination, children with ASD showed significant group deficits in executive function (generativity, visuospatial planning and cognitive flexibility) and false belief theory of mind understanding. Amongst children with ASD, executive function abilities (generativity and visuospatial planning) related to imaginative play and drawings. In contrast, amongst participants in the TD group, a mixture of both executive function (cognitive flexibility) and false belief theory of mind understanding predicted imaginative ability. These results are discussed in terms of how executive control plays a broad and important role in imaginative ability across groups, but the contributions appear to be expressed and routed differently in ASD. The discussion also highlights the theoretical implications of not having theory of mind that underpin imagination in ASD.</p>

Assessment of the Psycho Social Problems Related with Obese Juveniles in Actual Government School at Chennai

To evaluate the level of obesity, associated psychosocial problems and comparison with demographic variables in a selected government school at Chennai. Stock (1974) health belief Theory, a non-experimental study design, was used as the conceptual frame work in the present study. The students were randomly selected for the study Semi structured interview questions and questionnaire were used to assess the psychosocial problems of adolescents and demographic data of the students, respectively. The results revealed that psycho social problems were found among 50 obese adolescents, majority of them are 15-18 years of age, females, nuclear family, Hindus and non-vegetarian. It was also exclusively observed that obese adolescents had high level of psycho social problems.

SPECHT: Self-tuning Plausibility Based Object Detection Enables Quantification of Conflict in Heterogeneous Multi-scale Microscopy

We introduce a novel method that is able to localize fluorescent labelled objects in multi-scale 2D microscopy, and is robust to highly variable imaging conditions. Localized objects are then classified in a novel way using belief theory, requiring only the image level label. Each object is assigned a `belief' that describes how likely it is to appear in an image with a given set of labels. We apply our method successfully to identify amyloid-beta deposits, associated with Alzheimer's disease, and to discover caveolae and their modular components in superresolution microscpy. We illustrate how our approach allows the fusion or combination of models learned across markedly different datasets. We show how we can compute the `conflict', or disagreement between the models, an insight that can allow the domain expert to interpret the composite model.

The mechanisms of psychedelic therapy

‘The mechanisms of psychedelic therapy’ presents arguments against three theories of psychedelic therapy. The Molecular Neuroplasticity Theory ascribes therapeutic benefits to an experience-independent molecular mechanism. This theory is undermined by the correlation between ‘mystical-type experiences’ and beneficial outcomes, which suggests that genuinely psychological mechanisms are involved. The Metaphysical Belief Theory and the Metaphysical Alief Theory fare better on this count: both ascribe beneficial outcomes to the transcendent vision of a ‘Joyous Cosmology’ supposedly encountered in the mystical-type experience. However, these theories struggle to account for the fact that some patients satisfy psychometric criteria for a mystical-type experience without undergoing a non-naturalistic metaphysical hallucination. The psychometric criteria can also be satisfied by more naturalistic experiences of ego dissolution and connectedness. The conclusion is that psychedelics cause lasting benefits via some genuinely psychological factor that (i) correlates with the construct of a mystical-type experience, but (ii) is independent of non-naturalistic metaphysical ideations.

The Scientific Weltanschauung: (Anti-)naturalism in Dilthey, Jaspers and Analytic Philosophy

Different forms of methodological and ontological naturalism constitute the current near-orthodoxy in analytic philosophy. Many prominent figures have called naturalism a (scientific) image (Sellars, W. 1962. “Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man.” In Wilfrid Sellars, Science, Perception, Reality, 1–40. Ridgeview Publishing), a Weltanschauung (Loewer, B. 2001. “From Physics to Physicalism.” In Physicalism and its Discontents, edited by C. Gillett, and B. Loewer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Stoljar, D. 2010. Physicalism. Routledge), or even a “philosophical ideology” (Kim, J. 2003. “The American Origins of Philosophical Naturalism.” Journal of Philosophical Research 28: 83–98). This suggests that naturalism is indeed something over-and-above an ordinary philosophical thesis (e.g. in contrast to the justified true belief-theory of knowledge). However, these thinkers fail to tease out the host of implications this idea – naturalism being a worldview – presents. This paper draws on (somewhat underappreciated) remarks of Dilthey and Jaspers on the concept of worldviews (Weltanschauung, Weltbild) in order to demonstrate that naturalism as a worldview is a presuppositional background assumption which is left untouched by arguments against naturalism as a thesis. The concluding plea is (in order to make dialectical progress) to re-organize the existing debate on naturalism in a way that treats naturalism not as a first-order philosophical claim, but rather shifts its focus on naturalism’s status as a worldview.