The Development of Italian Low- and Very-low-birthweight Infants from Birth to 5 Years: The Role of Biological and Social Risks

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-547
Author(s):  
Alessandra Sansavini ◽  
Mario Rizzardi ◽  
Rosina Alessandroni ◽  
Giuliana Giovanelli
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Very Low Birthweight ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

This study attempted to determine how cognitive, motor, linguistic, and social competencies of preterm children develop from birth to five years in comparison with a group of fullterm children. The interaction between biological and social risks was considered in evaluating short- and long-term delays in development. The study was also designed to ascertain whether infant test scores of the first two years are predictive of later IQ scores. A total of 195 healthy Italian preterms (birthweight ≤ 2000 grams, without severe neonatal complications) were administered the Brunet-Lezine test at 6,12, and 24 months (corrected age), and 149 of them the Stanford-Binet test at 3,4, and 5 years (chronological age). The preterm group showed motor, cognitive, and social delays in the first year, linguistic delays until 24 months, and general cognitive delays until 5 years in comparison with the fullterm group. However, preterms' mean infant test scores and IQ scores fell within the normal range. The probability of delays in development was increased by the conditions of intra-uterine growth retardation and very-low-birthweight, and, after the first year of life, by a low level of paternal education. Brunet-Lezine test scores were predictive of later IQ scores, as were sex and parental education. In conclusion, preterm birth is correlated with delays in development, especially when it is associated with other biological and/or social risk factors.

THE CONCEPT OF RISK FACTORS FOR THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ксения Сабирова ◽  
Kseniya Sabirova ◽  
Наталья Шитер ◽  
Natalya Shiter ◽  
Дмитрий Жигаев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Poor Nutrition

А systematic view on the concept of risk types of human health is presented; the main directions of the analysis of the influence of social factors on individual and population health are described. A number of approaches to the classification of risk factors take into account the form of exposure, the risk from exposure to environmental factors and social risk factors and their influence on an individual. There are five areas of analysis of the influence of social factors on individual and population health: essential-oriented; structured; detail-oriented; empirically-oriented; specially-oriented. Groups of risk factors affecting health equally relevant to men and women were distinguished: the first group was made based on socio-economic factors (low level of education; uncomfortable household; poor nutrition depending on material welfare and social status of the population (67% of the population); the second group of factors was formed according to the lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, lack of prevention of the basic diseases (91% of the population); the third group included medical-biological factors (people older than 50, chronic diseases being a background of deteriorating health and the reason for new diseases development (52% of the population). The methods of management of social risks to human health which are the methods of influence on the person as an individual and on society and public consciousness in general are presented. Identification of risk factors for human health determines the direction of operation of health institutions in taking treatment, rehabilitation, preventive and anti-epidemic measures.

Eating problems in very low birthweight children are highest during the first year and independent risk factors include duration of invasive ventilation

2014 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. e424-e438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Zehetgruber ◽  
Rolf-Hasso Boedeker ◽  
Regina Kurth ◽  
Dirk Faas ◽  
Klaus-Peter Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Very Low Birthweight ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS IN OUT-THE HOSPITAL SUDDEN DEATH OF INFANTS OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Lika L. Nisevich ◽  
O. V. Kriger ◽  
N. S. Selyutina ◽  
I. N. Nikishtsev ◽  
T. N. Konopleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
First Year Of Life

The importance of social factors in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been proved, but their contribution to the unexpected out-of-hospital sudden infant death (OSID) has not yet been executed. There is presented the importance of social risk factors for OSID in 336 babies suddenly died beyond the hospital (1st group) in comparison with the 350 babies died in the hospital (2nd group). In 85.7%, several adverse factors were revealed, in 27.4% - in the 2nd group. Low socio-economic status of the family in the 1st group was observed in 34% of cases, and in the 2nd group - in 8% of cases. In the first group the number of antisocial families with the mother or both parents being alcohol or drug abuse appeared by 5 times more. In the 1st group the number of families with unregistered marriage and single mothers were 3.1 times more than in the 2nd group. 20.8% of women in Group 1 were not observed in antenatal clinics during pregnancy, and 12% of persons in this group and children remained without medical and dispensary supervision. Thus, families with a low socioeconomic level and antisocial families are a group of high-risk OSID infants of the first year of life, which determines the need for the active preventive work of health authorities and guardianship, the migration service and law enforcement agencies.

scholarly journals Social Risk Assessment and Management for Major Construction Projects in China Based on Fuzzy Integrated Analysis

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxia Miao ◽  
Dechun Huang ◽  
Zhengqi He
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Social ◽  
Overall Risk

With the vigorous development of major engineering projects in China, the social risks associated with major construction projects not only challenge the success of projects but also threaten social harmony and stability. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to assess and manage social risks. This paper aims to identify and evaluate the social risk factors by conducting a survey and assess the overall risk level of major construction projects (MCPs) with fuzzy integrated approach. First, 35 social risk factors and related stakeholders were identified based on literature analysis and case study. Then, 18 critical social risk factors (CSRFs) were selected and classified into six groups (CSRGs) based on a questionnaire survey. Next, using fuzzy integrated method, the probability of occurrence (PO), magnitude of impact (MI), the integrated risk level (IRL) of each CSRF and CSRG, and the overall risk of MCPs were calculated. As a result, “unfair compensation for housing demolition and land requisition” was the most critical social risk factor, and “policy/legal risk” was the most critical social risk group. The overall risk of MCPs was between moderate and high. At last, a social risk synthetic management framework was established, which can provide reference for policymakers and project decision makers to effectively manage the social risks.

scholarly journals Towards the Development of an Intervention to Address Social Determinants of Non-Communicable Disease in Kerala, India: A Mixed Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8636
Author(s):  
Martin Webber ◽  
Jacques Joubert ◽  
Meredith Fendt-Newlin ◽  
Saju Madavanakadu Devassy ◽  
Lorane Scaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Holistic Understanding

In India, cardiovascular disease (CVD), with hypertension as its foremost risk factor, has the highest prevalence rate of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and a rising mortality. Previous research has found a clustering of behavioural and social risks pertaining to NCDs, though the latter are infrequently addressed in public health interventions in India. This paper reaches toward the development of a social intervention to address social determinants of NCD relating to hypertension and diabetes. We used Theory of Change (ToC) as a theoretical approach to programme design. Mixed methods were used, including qualitative interviews with community members (n = 20), Accredited Social Health Activists (n = 6) and health professionals (n = 8), and a stakeholder workshop (n = 5 participants). The recruitment of participants from one local area in Kerala enabled us to map service provision and gain a holistic understanding of how to utilise the existing workforce to target social risk factors. The findings suggest that social interventions need to focus on ensuring health behaviour information reaches all parts of the community, and that those with more social risk factors are identified and supported to engage with treatment. Further research is required to test the resulting intervention model.

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