scholarly journals The Enduring State: An analysis of governance-making in three mining conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1169-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Maher ◽  
Francisco Valenzuela ◽  
Steffen Böhm
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
The One ◽  
State Organization ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Longitudinal Qualitative Research ◽  
Hybrid Theory

This article investigates the profound ambiguity of the state in the organization of contemporary business–society relations. On the one hand, there has been a decisive shift from government to governance, encouraging private actors, such as corporations, communities and NGOs, to address social and environmental concerns themselves, i.e. without the state’s involvement. On the other hand, however, the continued importance and relevance of the organized state is difficult to ignore. In this article we examine the role of the state in three cases of mining conflicts in Chile, one of the world’s most important mining countries. Through longitudinal, qualitative research of conflictive mining governance relations between state organizations, large corporations and local communities, we show that the modes of influence conducted by the Chilean state oscillate between direct, central steering (‘cathedral’) and indirect, dispersed vouching (‘bazaar’). Elaborating on Foucault’s concept of governmentality, we offer a hybrid theory of state organization, where the dematerialization of the state’s responsibility is seen not as the norm but rather as a particular mode of governance that sits alongside the underestimated, yet enduring, material involvement of the state.

De la gestión local a la gobernanza global: actores e interacciones multiniveles en la gestión del agua en la ciudad de México

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-66
Author(s):  
Joyce Valdovinos
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One

The provision of water services has traditionally been considered a responsibility of the state. During the late 1980s, the private sector emerged as a key actor in the provision of public services. Mexico City was no exception to this trend and public authorities awarded service contracts to four private consortia in 1993. Through consideration of this case study, two main questions arise: First, why do public authorities establish partnerships with the private sector? Second, what are the implications of these partnerships for water governance? This article focuses, on the one hand, on the conceptual debate of water as a public and/or private good, while identifying new trends and strategies carried out by private operators. On the other hand, it analyzes the role of the state and its relationships with other actors through a governance model characterized by partnerships and multilevel networks.Spanish La provisión del servicio del agua ha sido tradicionalmente considerada como una responsabilidad del Estado. A finales de la década de 1980, el sector privado emerge como un actor clave en el suministro de servicios públicos. La ciudad de México no escapa a esta tendencia y en 1993 las autoridades públicas firman contratos de servicios con cuatro consorcios privados. A través de este estudio de caso, dos preguntas son planteadas: ¿Por qué las autoridades públicas establecen partenariados con el sector privado? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones de dichos partenariados en la gobernanza del agua? Este artículo aborda por una parte, el debate conceptual del agua como bien público y/o privado, identificando nuevas tendencias y estrategias de los operadores privados. Por otra parte, se analizan el rol y las relaciones del Estado con otros actores a través de un modelo de gobernanza, definido en términos de partenariados y redes multi-niveles.French Les services de l'eau ont été traditionnellement considérés comme une responsabilité de l'État. À la fin des années 1980, le secteur privé est apparu comme un acteur clé dans la fourniture de certains services publics. La ville de Mexico n'a pas échappé à cette tendance et en 1993, les autorités publiques ont signé des contrats de services avec quatre consortiums privés. À travers cette étude de cas, nous nous interrogerons sur deux aspects : pourquoi les autorités publiques établissentelles des partenariats avec le secteur privé ? Quelles sont les implications de ces partenariats sur la gouvernance de l'eau ? Cet article s'intéresse, d'une part, au débat conceptuel sur l'eau en tant que bien public et/ou privé, en identifiant les tendances nouvelles et les stratégies menées par les opérateurs privés. D'autre part y sont analysés le rôle de l'État et ses relations avec d'autres acteurs à travers un modèle de gouvernance, défini en termes de partenariats, et des réseaux multi-niveaux.

Domination and Dereliction: Exploring the State's Roles in Burma

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques P. Leider
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One

What these four quite different books broadly share is a focus on the role of the state in Myanmar society. Current scholarship describes the authoritarian state in Myanmar, which has been controlled by the army since 1962, as either dominantly present or neglectfully absent. Censorship and the repression of autonomous spaces in society, on the one hand, and the failure of the state to enforce efficient health and environmental policies, on the other, are keywords in these works that illustrate the double-faced appearance of the state's existence and role in society.

scholarly journals BIROKRATISASI PENEGAKAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PASCA REFORMASI MELALUI PEMBENTUKAN KEMENTERIAN URUSAN HAM DAN PENGUATAN KOMNAS HAM

Yurispruden ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Arasy Pradana A Azis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Space ◽  
The State ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
National Human ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Executive Body

ABSTRACTThe Reformation then became a momentum for improving the issues of upholding human rights in Indonesia, where human rights matters formally entered into the division of power. On the one hand, for the first time, a ministry was formed specifically to deal with human rights matters. While outside the executive body, Law No. 39 of 1999 strengthens the position of the National Commission of Human Rights which has actually been established since 1993. This phenomenon then raises a problem statement, on how bureaucratization of human rights after Reformation is manifested through the establishment of the National Human Rights Commission and the Ministry of Human Rights. It was found that each institution gained legitimacy from political dynamics in a more democratic public space. Between the state ministries for human rights and the National Commission of Human Rights, the principle of check and balances was carried out in their role as an organ of the Indonesian bureaucracy. On the one hand, the state minister for human rights is an extension of the executive's hand in managing human rights matters. As a counterweight, the National Human Rights Commission carries out the role of the state auxiliary bodies to monitor the government’s human rights work.Keywords:    Politic of Law, Bureaucratization, Human Rigths, Ministry of Law and Human Rights Affairs, National Commission of Human Rights. ABSTRAKPeristiwa Reformasi menjadi momentum perbaikan urusan penegakan HAM di Indonesia, di mana urusan HAM secara formal masuk ke dalam pembagian kekuasaan negara. Di satu sisi, untuk pertama kalinya dibentuk satu kementerian yang secara khusus menangani urusan HAM. Sementara di luar lembaga eksekutif, Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 menguatkan kedudukan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia yang sejatinya telah terbentuk sejak tahun 1993. Fenomena ini kemudian menimbulkan satu rumusan permasalahan, yaitu bagaimana birokratisasi urusan HAM pasca reformasi termanifestasi melalui pembentukan Komnas HAM dan kementerian urusan HAM. Ditemukan bahwa masing-masing lembaga memperoleh legitimasi dari dinamika politik di ruang publik yang lebih demokratis. Antara kementerian negara urusan HAM dan Komnas HAM kemudian menjalankan prinsip check and balances dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai organ birokrasi Indonesia. Di satu sisi, kementerian negara urusan HAM merupakan perpanjangan tangan eksekutif untuk mengurus urusan HAM. Sebagai penyeimbang, Komnas HAM menjalankan peran sebagai state auxiliary bodies guna mengawasi kinerja HAM pemerintah.Kata Kunci: Politik Hukum, Birokratisasi, Hak Asasi Manusia, Kementerian Urusan HAM, Komnas HAM.

scholarly journals STATE PERSONNEL POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATION AND ECONOMIC CONFRONTATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Semenova ◽  
◽  
M.F. Fridman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
World Model ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The One

This article is devoted to the most important issue of ensuring an innovative breakthrough in socio-economic development in the conditions of information and economic confrontation. Today, humanity is entering an era of a fundamentally different system of social relations, values and meanings. The emergence of a multipolar world model increases the competition of developed countries, on the one hand, and weakens the role of the state in society, on the other. Economic sanctions significantly hinder innovative development, so the state, as one of the main social institutions, still needs qualitatively new, more productive, innovative solutions, the emergence and implementation of which is impossible without appropriate personnel: researchers, analysts, developers, managers and workers.

Who Will Tend the Vine? Pentecostalism, Parenting and the Role of the State in “London-Lagos”

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Maier ◽  
Simon Coleman
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One ◽  
British State

AbstractWe explore the tensions evident among Nigerian Pentecostals in London between social and ideological insularity on the one hand, and a more outward-oriented, expansive orientation on the other. Analysis of these stances is complemented by the exploration of believers' actions within a material but also metaphorical arena that we term “London-Lagos.” Such themes are developed specifically through a focus on believers' relations with Nigerian and British state systems in relation to child-rearing—an activity that renders parents sometimes dangerously visible to apparatuses of the state but also raises key dilemmas concerning the proper and moral location of socialisation into Christian values. We show how such dilemmas are embodied in a play, written by a Nigerian Pentecostalist, termed “The Vine-Keepers.”

Violent Extremism and the Politics of Education in Pakistan

2022 ◽  
pp. 256-275
Author(s):  
Zahid Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
State Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Politics Of Education ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
The One ◽  
Conducive Environment

Pakistan is depicted as a victim as well as a sponsor of terrorism. The reason behind this characterisation is that Pakistan, since its inception in 1947, has experienced multifaceted violence, ranging from ethnic insurgencies to sectarian violence. At the same time, it has been blamed for fomenting violence in its neighbours. On the one hand, there have been anti-terrorism laws in place since the late 1990s; on the other, there is an Islamised public sphere that provides fecund soil for violent extremists to thrive. The questions to be addressed here are: What kinds of anti-terrorism laws exist in Pakistan and how effective are they against terrorism? What is the role of the state-managed curriculum in providing a conducive environment for the growth of violent extremism? This research appeals to the “garrison state” theory, which explains how “the specialists on violence” control every aspect of the state, complemented by the concept of “fragmented hegemony,” which explains how the seemingly corrupt multiple sites of power help the state maintain its hegemony over society.

scholarly journals JULES DUPUIT AND THE RAILROADS: WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE STATE?

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Poinsot
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
State Management ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Good For ◽  
The One

The emergence of railroads in France in the nineteenth century raised new debates on analytical issues. The issue lies in the fact that they are natural monopolies. In this paper, I focus on Jules Dupuit’s work on the operations of the railroads. Curiously, he seemed to have defended two contrasting positions: on the one hand, he claimed that unlimited competition is the most efficient way to operate in the railroads; on the other, he stated that State management was the best way to run them. I aim to restore the consistency of Dupuit’s positions. I show that, for him, unlimited competition is not possible in the railroads and that it is not necessarily good for the welfare of society. Therefore, the State should regulate this sector. Then, I specify the conditions under which Dupuit believed the State should manage the railroads instead of offering concessions to private companies.

Reconsidering Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Crowley ◽  
Jenny Stewart ◽  
Adrian Kay ◽  
Brian Head
Keyword(s):  
World Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
System P ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The One ◽  
Policy Systems

For all nation-states, the context in which public policies must be developed and applied continues to become more complex and demanding. Yet policy studies has not fully responded to the challenges and opportunities represented by these developments. While governance has drawn attention to a globalising and network-based policy world, politics and the role of the state have been de-emphasised. The book addresses this imbalance through a process of reconsideration – re-visiting traditional policy-analytic concepts and re-developing and extending new ones. The objects of reconsideration are of two types: firstly, themes relating to ‘deep’ policy: policy systems; institutions, the state and borders; and secondly, policy-in-action: information, advice, implementation and policy change. Through these eight perspectives, each developed as a chapter of this book, the authors have produced a melded approach to policy, which they call systemic institutionalism. They define this approach as one that provides a broad analytic perspective that links policy with governance (implemented action) on the one hand, and the state (structured authority) on the other. By identifying research agendas based on these insights, the book suggests how real world issues might be substantively addressed, in particular more complex and challenging issues, through examples that bring out the ‘policy’ (the history and potential for collective public action) in the system.

State Protection of Energy Consumers

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Hanri Mostert ◽  
Tjakie Naude
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Models ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The One ◽  
State Protection

This chapter scrutinizes the role of the state in ensuring electricity supply and protecting end-consumers along a spectrum of energy market models. On the one end, there are markets dominated by virtual state monopolies, such as the South African example, where supply and consumer protection take on a different shape, compared to those on the other end of the spectrum, where distribution of energy to end-consumers is privatized. The European Union (EU) exemplifies the latter. Analyses of both the Australian and Nigerian models of energy supply and end-consumer protection are included to demonstrate variations within privatized markets, and comment on the role of the state in implementing privatization. Issues of procedural and participatory justice are considered. Social justice issues are raised, furthermore, in that the type of consumer protection in a system is influenced by the degree of affluence of the community and the resilience of the system of governance.

scholarly journals On Localism and the Persistent Power of the State

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Cinnamon P. Carlarne
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Political Economic

On June 1, 2017, President Trump declared that the United States would “cease all implementation of the non-binding Paris Accord and the draconian financial and economic burdens the agreement imposes on our country.” The United States’ de facto withdrawal from the Paris Agreement represented an important inflection point for conceptualizing the role of nonstate actors in addressing climate change. President Trump's announcement was met with an outpouring of resistance and widespread and concerted efforts to mobilize substate, nonprofit, and private actors to step into the void created by his announcement and to help keep the United States on track to pursue domestic and international commitments to address climate change despite federal recalcitrance. Within the leadership void created by the Trump Administration and amidst the increasingly extensive body of sub- and nonstate climate efforts, it is tempting to decenter the role of the state or to underestimate the persistent power of the state to shape the approach and effectiveness of nonstate actions. Failing to recognize that the state retains significant power in this field undermines efforts to understand the realities within which nonstate actors operate. This creates a set of heightened expectations for these actors that defies the reality of the political, economic, and social resources available to them and masks the challenges inherent in relying upon a fragmented, shifting, and differently accountable set of actors to effect pervasive change.

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