CATEGORIES OF LITIGATION IN CASES OF PROTECTING THE ELECTORAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The article examines the main types of electoral disputes considered by Russian courts in recent years.Illustrated by examples of court disputes on appealing decisions of election commissions on registration orrefusal to register candidates for elections of deputies of legislative (representative) government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies, senior officials of the constituententities of the Russian Federation (heads of the supreme executive body of state power of the constituententity of the Russian Federation), appeal against the registration of candidates (electoral associations) inconnection with violations committed during the campaign, as well as violations during voting and theestablishment of the results and results of elections. Based on the analysis of the established judicial practice,some amendments to the electoral legislation have been proposed

An Individual Entrepreneur in the Status of the Sole Executive Body of a Corporation

Introduction: the legislation allows for the possibility of transferring the powers of the sole executive body to an individual entrepreneur, expanding them. In this regard, the paper sets the goal of determining the legal status of an individual entrepreneur as the sole executive body of a corporation. Methods: in the course of the research, the dialectical, formal-legal, comparative-legal, structural-functional and other methods of cognition were used. Results: based on the provisions of the current legislation, the analysis of the legal status of the sole executive body in the person of an individual entrepreneur is carried out; the negative and positive aspects of the transfer of powers of the sole executive body to an individual entrepreneur are noted. Conclusions: as a result of the study, the imperfection of the current legislation regulating the legal status of an individual entrepreneur in the person of the sole executive body is noted and the need for making some changes and additions to the regulatory legal acts is justified.

Mathematical model for determining characteristic points on the radial knife of the geokhod executive body

The article presents a mathematical model for determining the values of the characteristic points of the knife executive body (EB) of the geokhod. For this, the boundary conditions for determining the characteristic points on the radial knife of the geokhod executive body are indicated. The result of the work are the obtained expressions for determining: P a.c is the the projection of the component of the soil cutting force, depending on the cutting width, onto the main axis of rotation of the geokhod, R e.a.c is the projection of the component of the cutting force of the soil on the plane, which is located perpendicular to the main axis of rotation of the geokhod. Based on the work carried out, tasks for further research were identified.

Investigation of the mathematical model of the knife of geokhod executive body interaction with the bottomhole rock

The article presents the relevance of the research. The features of the work of the executive body of geokhod are given. A previously developed mathematical model for determining the power and energy parameters of the interaction of the knife executive body of the geokhod with the face rock is presented. On the basis of the model, a study was carried out of the influence of the pitch of the external mover on the power and energy parameters of the interaction of the knife executive body of the geokhod with the bottomhole rock. As a result of the study, it was found that the power parameters increase with increase in the step of the external mover, and the energy parameters decrease.

Activities of the Local Government During a State of Natural Disaster

<p>As one of the states of exception, a state of a natural disaster often makes public administration, including local governments, take actions that restrict the sphere of human rights and civil liberties. One-person bodies are entrusted with being in charge in matters related to a state of natural disaster. Actions taken during a state of natural disaster to prevent or remove its effects are managed by the commune executive body when the state of a natural disaster was introduced only in the territory of the commune. However, if the state of a natural disaster was introduced in more than one commune in a district, then the starost is in charge of the operations. As a monocratic body is entrusted with executive powers, decisions can be taken faster and time is essential from the point of view of the effects of a natural disaster. Due to a formalized method of decision-taking, a collegial body may not respond adequately to a dynamically developing threat.</p>

Suspension of executive acts in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation as a state coercion measure

The article contains analysis of one of the least studied public enforcement measures which is suspension of acts of the higher official (the head of the highest executive body of the state power), executive bodies of the Russian Federation constituent entities.The author focuses on the presidential decision to enact the public enforcement measure that is considered in the presented article, in particular, the form of the legal act of governance which implements that presidential decision, the wording of the name and the content of such a legal act is under review. It is shown that neither legislative regulation nor enforcement practice is perfect when it comes to the sphere of federal relations.Furthermore, the presented article addresses such issues as normativity and legal certainty of decrees and orders of the Head of State which implement the presidential decision to suspend the act of the executive body of the Russian Federation constituent entities.The historical and legal part of the subject of study is presented by statistical data that makes some corrections to the usually reported data considering the number of legal presidential acts that were mentioned.

Rational design justification of the tunnel boring shield executive body for the conditions of the mines of Saint Petersburg Metrostroy

The article discusses the features of running tunnels in difficult mining and geological conditions of the Saint Petersburg Metrostroy using modern tunnel boring shields of Herrenknecht company with hybrid executive bodies equipped with a incisors and rock cutters. The work of a hybrid executive body is analyzed when driving along a heterogeneous bottomhole massif consisting of Cambrian clay with limestone interlayers. Theoretical and experimental studies of vibroactive cones, a graphical representation of the dependence of the depth of their penetration on the axial force and axial force together with the applied shock load (the dependences of the penetration depth are interpreted as a linear dependence) have been carried out. An increase in the intensity of destruction of a heterogeneous bottomhole massif consisting of Cambrian clay and limestone interlayers using vibroactive rock-cutting tools (spiked roller) was theoretically and experimentally confirmed, while the growth of the penetration rate is determined depending on the number of their parameters. The design is considered, the principle of operation and the method of power calculation of a rotary executive body equipped with vibroactive cutters are described, on the basis of which a nomogram of the dependence of the torque and performance of the tunnel boring shield on the feed rate of the executive body to the bottom is built.

Are We Really Dealing with New Control Powers of Local Councilors?

On 11 January 2018, the Act on amending certain acts in order to increase the participation of citizens in the process of selecting, functioning and control of certain public authorities was passed. The legislator decided that the new legal regulations in the local government system laws were to lead to an increase in the participation of citizens in the process of control and functioning of public authorities, thus, also of local government authorities. In addition, it was to contribute to an increase in the role of local communities in the process of electing bodies coming from general elections, as well as in the control of this process and the bodies responsible for the preparation and holding of elections. Among the “new” legal solutions that have come into force in the current term of the local government authorities (2018–2023), one should distinguish those thanks to which the scope of control powers of local councillors has been extended. These include, first of all, the right to obtain information and materials, access to the premises where these information and materials are located, and access to the activities of the local government office, as well as companies with the participation of local government units, commercial companies with the participation of local government legal entities, legal persons, as well as establishments, enterprises and other local government organizational units, in compliance with the provisions on legally protected secrecy, secondly, the right to address interpellations and inquiries to the village mayor (mayor, city president), starost or voivodeship marshal, thirdly, the obligation to establish a complaint committee, motions and petitions in order to consider complaints about the activities of the executive body and local government organizational units, as well as motions and petitions submitted by citizens.

Limits of local self-government in the provision of “personal” social service in Slovakia

Social services provide a person with intervention and care from society. By activating a person through the use of social services, an individual reintegrates into social functioning, where he finds his natural place and thus, through his actions, the society keeps developing. Conceptually and competently, local self-government has suitable conditions for its citizens to provide social services that respond to their needs, as well as taking into account how the citizens' needs are concretized and what the demand for them is. Here, however, there is a need for research and analysis of demand, which the municipality should carry out in search of the types and forms of social services that it wants to effectively provide for the citizen. The aim of the article is to determine; what are the limits of municipal self-government in providing "personal social services" in Slovakia. The research was focused on identifying the most common problems and the demand for social services in relation to municipalities. In the 5 author's questionnaires, we focused on the hierarchy of the number of problems expressed, which most often led to the municipal self-government-the executive body of the municipality, the mayor. On the hierarchy of the most common problems, sets of questions and items were compiled for their solution by the municipal self-government. The results showed that mayors are limited by law in the provision of social services, but are not able to provide social services for the category of unemployed in terms of citizen activation.