Institutions, Organizations, Medical Disciplines, and the Dissemination of Research Results

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean de Kervasdoué
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
American Study ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Dissemination Of Research ◽  
Medical Disciplines ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

This article summarizes the story of a failure in research, and shows how this failure led to new directions of inquiry. The first part of the article explains how an attempt in France to replicate an American study designed to link the organizational structure of hospitals to the adoption of innovations by these institutions failed. It was not possible to find identical measures for similar concepts in the two countries. Questions are raised on the adequacy of the methodological and theoretical assumptions shared by students of organization. The second part of the article uses French data to explore the relation ship between the pattern of diffusion of innovations and the structure of knowledge in the medical field, a structure which has been produced and negotiated through time.

Analysis of biochemistry students’ graphical reasoning using misconceptions constructivism and fine-grained constructivism: why assumptions about the nature and structure of knowledge matter for research and teaching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Marc G. Rodriguez ◽  
Marcy Towns
Keyword(s):  
Fine Grained ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

In this work, we discuss the importance of underlying theoretical assumptions in research, focusing on the conclusions reached when analyzing data from a misconceptions constructivist (stable, unitary) perspective in contrast...

Improving the Effects of Global Health Initiatives through FOMENT

2015 ◽  
pp. 134-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhiuddin Haider ◽  
Theofani Makrinos ◽  
Madhurima Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations Theory ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Impact

The incidence of communicable and non-communicable diseases is rising globally in both developed and developing nations. New methodologies are required for reaching the general population and promoting preventative behavior. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the Focus, Organization, Management, Environment, Network, and Technology (FOMENT) process as a strategy and a tool to enhance the impact and efficiency of the diffusion process within public health systems and change agencies, especially in developing countries. FOMENT can be seen as an extension of Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI) and can be used by organizations to maximize the diffusion rate of health initiatives into a community. The understanding of individual variables from DOI and organizational variables from FOMENT, as well as their corresponding indicators will support the convergence approach to enhance diffusion capacity building (DCB) needed for the adoption of innovations and related behavior change.

Social Structure and Technology Transfer

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Johnson ◽  
James Murray
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Potential Adopter

Issues surrounding technology transfer and the diffusion of innovations have been a major focus of social scientists. The rush to explore this area, however, has yielded a bewildering array of hypotheses and subsequent findings, as is evident from Everett Rogers's work (Communication of Innovations [New York, Free Press, 1983]). Most of the earlier work employed survey techniques in which the dependent variable, adoption, was related to a number of independent variables, usually characteristics of the adopter (e.g., income, education, cosmopoliteness, in one or several regression models. This approach viewed adoption as a function of the atomistic characteristics of the potential adopter. As such, early investigators often lost sight of the importance of the structure of social relations and their role in the adoption of innovations.

scholarly journals Biomedical Informatics and the Convergence of Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno (NBIC) Technologies

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Maojo ◽  
F. Martin-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Biomedical Informatics ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Converging Technologies ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Genome Projects ◽  
Convergence Of Technologies

Summary Objectives To analyze the role that biomedical informatics could play in the application of the NBIC Converging Technologies in the medical field and raise awareness of these new areas throughout the Biomedical Informatics community. Methods Review of the literature and analysis of the reference documents in this domain from the biomedical informatics perspective. Detailing existing developments showing that partial convergence of technologies have already yielded relevant results in biomedicine (such as bioinformatics or biochips). Input from current projects in which the authors are involved is also used. Results Information processing is a key issue in enabling the convergence of NBIC technologies. Researchers in biomedical informatics are in a privileged position to participate and actively develop this new scientific direction. The experience of biomedical informaticians in five decades of research in the medical area and their involvement in the completion of the Human and other genome projects will help them participate in a similar role for the development of applications of converging technologies —particularly in nanomedicine. Conclusions The proposed convergence will bring bridges between traditional disciplines. Particular attention should be placed on the ethical, legal, and social issues raised by the NBIC convergence. These technologies provide new directions for research and education in Biomedical Informatics placing a greater emphasis in multidisciplinary approaches.

scholarly journals Organic Functions in a multiple economic entity – localization options. Case study

Management ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Dariusz Sobotkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Summary Organic Functions in a multiple economic entity - localization options. Case study Objective of this study is to identify localizations of fulfilling organic functions within organizational structure in a multiple economic entity and determination of the degree of their centralization and concentration. The nature of this elaboration is theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part presents depending that takes place in management, basic and auxiliary functions. Their inseparability was indicated, they are integrated. What is more, changes in the function areas, for instance caused by use of various management concepts, were shown. In the final part of the theoretical considerations matrix is shown in terms of subject distribution of organic functions. Empirical part focuses on verifying the theoretical assumptions, especially function location. The research had been conducted in all of the subsidiaries of a German automotive industry concern. The following research question was pursued: What organic functions are fulfilled in the subsidiaries and what degree of centralization and concentration is present? Elaboration ends with presentation of conclusions and references.

Improving the Effects of Global Health Initiatives through FOMENT

2016 ◽  
pp. 1379-1397
Author(s):  
Muhiuddin Haider ◽  
Theofani Makrinos ◽  
Madhurima Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations Theory ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
The Impact

The incidence of communicable and non-communicable diseases is rising globally in both developed and developing nations. New methodologies are required for reaching the general population and promoting preventative behavior. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the Focus, Organization, Management, Environment, Network, and Technology (FOMENT) process as a strategy and a tool to enhance the impact and efficiency of the diffusion process within public health systems and change agencies, especially in developing countries. FOMENT can be seen as an extension of Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DOI) and can be used by organizations to maximize the diffusion rate of health initiatives into a community. The understanding of individual variables from DOI and organizational variables from FOMENT, as well as their corresponding indicators will support the convergence approach to enhance diffusion capacity building (DCB) needed for the adoption of innovations and related behavior change.

Rogers' Innovation Diffusion Theory (1962, 1995)

2015 ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations Theory ◽  
Adoption Of Innovations ◽  
Innovation Diffusion Theory ◽  
System P ◽  
History Of ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Over Time

This chapter presents an overview of a key overarching theory of adoption of innovations, Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory. A complex yet coherent set of concepts and models comprise the overall theory, which is summarized by the definition established by Rogers (2003): “the process by which (1) an innovation (2) is communicated through certain channels (3) over time (4) among the members of a social system” (p. 11, emphasis in the original). First, a brief background on Everett Rogers is provided, then a history of the development of the theory basis is presented. Next, the four core components of the theory, as well as the strengths and limitations of the theory are discussed. Finally, the relation between the diffusion of innovations theory and other technology adoption theories, specifically TAM and UTAUT are briefly described, with areas for possible further expansion identified.

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