The effect of COVID certificates on vaccine uptake, public health, and the economy

In the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have used various interventions,1,2 including COVID certificates as proof of vaccination, recovery, or a recent negative test, required for individuals to access shops, restaurants, and education or workplaces.3 While arguments for and against COVID certificates have focused on reducing transmission and ethical concerns,4,5 the effect of the certificates on vaccine uptake, public health, and the economy requires investigation. We construct counterfactuals based on innovation diffusion theory6 and validate them with econometric methods7 to evaluate the impact of incentives created by COVID certificates in France, Germany, and Italy. We estimate that from their announcement during summer 2021 to the end of the year, the intervention led to increased vaccine uptake in France of 13.0 (95% CI 9.7–14.9) percentage points (p.p.) of the total population, in Germany 6.2 (2.6–6.9) p.p., and in Italy 9.7 (5.4–12.3) p.p.; averted an additional 3,979 (3,453–4,298) deaths in France (i.e., 31.7%), 1,133 (-312–1,358) in Germany (5.6%), and 1,331 (502–1,794) in Italy (14.0%); and prevented gross domestic product (GDP) losses of €6.0 (5.9–6.1) billion in France, €1.4 (1.3–1.5) billion in Germany, and €2.1 (2.0–2.2) billion in Italy. Notably, the application of COVID certificates substantially reduced the pressure on intensive care units (ICUs) and, in France, averted surpassing the occupancy levels where prior lockdowns were instated. Overall, our findings are more substantial than predicted8 and may help to inform decisions about when and how to employ COVID certificates to increase vaccination and thus avoid stringent interventions, such as closures, curfews, and lockdowns, with large social and economic consequences.

Shift Media Online Da’wah Innovation Diffusion in The Hijrah Youth Movement Community

This article discusses the experience the Hijrah Youth Movement Community adopts towards the innovation of online da’wah youtube. This research uses constructionism and phenomenological methods using Everett Rogers’ innovation diffusion theory. In-depth interview techniques, observations, and documentation are used for data gathering. Data analysis with statement meaning, meaning themes, General Description of the “essence” of the experiences. This study showed that the Hijrah Youth Movement Community conducted online da’wah with lectures on youtube and adopted shift media innovations. The audience knows youtube Youth Hijrah Shift Media through persuasive communication of managers and social media Instagram Shift Media. The decision to adopt youtube innovation Youth Hijrah Shift Media. Implement youtube Pemuda Hijrah Shift Media since first knowing the existence of youtube Pemuda Hijrah Shift Media. Confirmation of the innovation of the Hijrah Shift Media Youth Movement is satisfied. The Hijrah Youth Movement Community adopted the innovation of online da’wah youtube Youth Hijrah Shift Media because it has conformity and provides relative advantages to the Hijrah Youth Community

Theoretical Study: The Diffusion of "Piknet" Innovation Sound Wave Attractor In Bulak District, Surabaya

Diffusion of innovation is a process which needed in an effort to adapt to an idea or technology so that a person or group of people can adopt a new subject through the stages set. The purpose of this research is to hope that the process of accepting the attractor based on the "Piknet" sound wave as an innovation can be studied based on the diffusion theory of innovation from Rogers. The method used in this research is a literature review which was carried out for 2 (two) months, in June and July 2021. The object of the writing is to deepen Rogers' theory of the diffusion of innovations that can be used as a basis for determining the stages of the wave-based attractor diffusion process. the sound of "Piknet" to groups of fishing fishermen in Bulak District, Surabaya. Rogers' innovation diffusion theory can be used as the basis for the diffusion process of "Piknet" sound wave-based attractor innovation in Bulak District, Surabaya, using elements and stages of the decision process that are adapted to the conditions of the local community.

Enhanced model of the innovation-decision process, for modular-technological-process innovations in construction

Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish an enhanced model of the innovation-decision process (IDP), specifically for construction. An enhanced model of the innovation-decision process (IDP), specifically for construction is established. As context, innovation diffusion theory (IDT) is concerned with explaining how some innovations successfully stick whilst others fail to propagate. Because theoretical models provide abstracted representations of systems/phenomena, established IDT models can help decision-making units with innovation-related sense-marking and problem-solving. However, these occasionally fail or require enhancement to represent phenomena more successfully. This is apparent whenever middle-range theory seems ill-fitted to the complexity of construction. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research via 13 semi-structured interviews occurred, with participants recruited via convenience and purposive sampling strategies. The study forms part of a broader mixed-method study (n = 246) informed by a research philosophy of pragmatism, investigating the applicability of classic IDT to the adoption of four-dimensional (4D) building information modelling (4D BIM) by the UK construction sector. Findings This diffusion study resulted in the adaptation of an existing IDP model, ensuring a better contextual fit. Classified more specifically as a modular-technological-process innovation, 4D BIM with its potential to provide construction planning improvements is used as a vehicle to show why, for construction, an existing model required theoretical extensions involving additional stages, decision-action points and outcomes. Research limitations/implications This model can assist construction industry actors with future adoption/rejection decisions around modular-technological-process innovations. It also aids the understanding of scholars and researchers, through its various enhancements and by reinforcing the importance of existing diffusion concepts of compatibility and trialability, for these innovation types. Originality/value An enhanced model of the IDP, specifically for construction, is established. This construction-centric contribution to IDT will be of interest to construction scholars and to practitioners.

Green shipping onboard: acceptance, diffusion & adoption of LNG and electricity as alternative fuels in Greece

Today, alternative fuels are seen as a critical area of sustainable technological growth in maritime transport. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO), the United Nations body for maritime issues and other international bodies are in the process of amending and updating the regulations applicable to the shipping industry. Greece is ready to enter the era of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and electricity as marine fuels, as Eastern Mediterranean projects are heading towards adopting these alternative fuels. This study aims to explore the intention of the Greek stakeholders in accepting and using LNG and electricity as alternative fuels. The research objectives are to identify, analyse and evaluate the determinants that influence the intention to accept, diffuse and use alternative fuels, LNG and electricity for marine propulsion, and develop, construct and validate a hybrid model that can be used for future study. This research will clarify possible challenges or barriers to the implementation of technology by stakeholders and contribute to a deeper understanding of the green shipping network. It will also highlight the role of key players in the diffusion phase of technological innovation and the technology itself and its characteristics. Moreover, this research will suggest a unified model using the expansive Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in conjunction with the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and external variables affecting LNG and electricity 1) to investigate the intent of implementing the use of such alternative fuels and 2) to inform policymakers concerning sustainable shipping.

AI-enabled digital identity – inputs for stakeholders and policymakers

Purpose This conceptual article’s primary aim is to identify the significant stakeholders of the digital identity system (DIS) and then highlight the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on each of the identified stakeholders. It also recommends vital points that could be considered by policymakers while developing technology-related policies for effective DIS. Design/methodology/approach This article uses stakeholder methodology and design theory (DT) as a primary theoretical lens along with the innovation diffusion theory (IDT) as a sub-theory. This article is based on the analysis of existing literature that mainly comprises academic literature, official reports, white papers and publicly available domain experts’ interviews. Findings The study identified six significant stakeholders, i.e. government, citizens, infrastructure providers, identity providers (IdP), judiciary and relying parties (RPs) of the DIS from the secondary data. Also, the role of IdP becomes insignificant in the context of AI-enabled digital identity systems (AIeDIS). The findings depict that AIeDIS can positively impact the DIS stakeholders by solving a range of problems such as identity theft, unauthorised access and credential misuse, and will also open a possibility of new ways to empower all the stakeholders. Research limitations/implications The study is based on secondary data and has considered DIS stakeholders from a generic perspective. Incorporating expert opinion and empirical validation of the hypothesis could derive more specific and context-aware insights. Practical implications The study could facilitate stakeholders to enrich further their understanding and significance of developing sustainable and future-ready DIS by highlighting the impact of AI on the digital identity ecosystem. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this article is the first of its kind that has used stakeholder theory, DT and IDT to explain the design and developmental phenomenon of AIeDIS. A list of six significant stakeholders of DIS, i.e. government, citizens, infrastructure providers, IdP, judiciary and RP, is identified through comprehensive literature analysis.

QR Digital Payment System Adoption by Retailers

The acme of this paper was to examine the QR code payment services adoption by retailers in Pakistan. An all-inclusive review of the literature and data analysis has justified the purpose to use this inventive technology. The study established that innovation diffusion theory (IDT) dimensions and convenience impacted the usefulness of QR code payment services which are well-thought-out critical antecedents of accepting future technologies. The inferences of this research work provide valuable acumens for banks, financial institutions, and the government to develop a platform about digital payment for the retailers, wholesalers, and the end consumers. Further, the study approves that QR code payment services will aid to advance the business operations in Pakistan in the COVID-19 pandemic.